Fly Larvae

Myiasis is the infestation of living tissue by fly larvae (order Diptera), which feed on either necrotic or living tissue. When it occurs in a hospital setting and is acquired after admission, it is referred to as nosocomial myiasis. This condition is most commonly seen in patients who are immobilized, sedated, intubated, or has chronic wounds that make them more susceptible to larval infestation. Nosocomial myiasis, infestation of hospitalized patients by fly larvae, is rare but signifies severe lapses in sanitation and patient care. This review examines epidemiology, causative vectors, clinical features, diagnostics, management, and prevention through a multi-faceted lens, drawing on case reports and outbreak data.

Alternative therapies to conventional wound management are available now-a-days to facilitate faster wound healing without any complications. Among various alternative therapies, it has been well established that maggot therapy can be used successfully to treat chronic long-standing infected wounds which previously failed to respond to conventional treatment. Maggot therapy employs the use of freshly emerged, sterile larvae of the common greenbottle fly, Phaenicia (Lucilia) sericata, and is a form of artificially induced myiasis in a controlled clinical situation. Maggot therapy, however, is used relatively little in veterinary medicine. Nevertheless, concern over antibiotic resistance and the increase in demand for organic husbandry and residue-free meat and milk, suggest that it is an option which merits further consideration. In this review article, authors’ discuss the role of maggots and their preparation for veterinary medical use.

Myiasis is the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with larvae (maggots) of flies from the order Diptera, which, at least for a certain period, feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body-substance or ingested food. We report the case of a 60-year old female patient with urogenital myiasis, caused by the larva of a fly belonging to the genus Psychoda, in Samsun. The patient complained from abdominal pain, diarrhea and disuria, while in her urine samples a larva was detected. In this report, we discuss the biology and clinical significance of flies causing urogenital myiasis.

Banjir menjadi masalah yang masih belum dapat diatasi di berbagai daerah di Indonesia salah satunya di Kelurahan Sialang Kecamatan Sako Kota Palembang. Padatnya jumlah penduduk diKelurahan Sialang mengakibatkan jumlah lahan hijau resapan air yang beralih fungsi menjadi lahan terbangun dan sampah rumah tangga yang menumpuk menjadi faktor utama penyebab sering terjadinya banjir. Adapun solusi yang ditawarkan dari permasalahan tersebut yaitu penerapan teknologi biopori dan biogranul kompos di Kelurahan Sialang. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini akan dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu penjajakan ke lokasi mitra, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini merupakan salah satu program MBKM berupa kegiatan kolaborasi antara dosen dan mahasiswa. Jenis luaran yang ditargetkan dalam pengabdian ini meliputi dua hal, yaitu luaran substansi teknis dari hasil kegiatan pengabdian dan luaran yang berupa publikasi ilmiah. Hasil pelatihan pembuatan lubang resapan bi...

The biopore infiltration hole is a hole with a diameter of 10 cm - 30 cm with a depth of 30 cm - 100 cm which is added with organic waste and will help soil biota form a biopore hole so that it can trap the air flowing around it. Black Soldier Fly larvae are able to accelerate composting and ordering of pores in the biopore infiltration holes. Perumahan Putri Indah Kulim RT 02 RW 12 Kelurahan Mentangor rarely finds open land semisization and house widening which causes a reduction in the surface of ground air infiltration so that during the rainy season puddles easily occur and during the dry season it reduces groundwater reserves. This activity aims to provide knowledge and insight into the community about biopore infiltration holes by utilizing Black Soldier Fly larvae and inviting the public to apply this technology. This service activity begins with the socialization of the biopore infiltration holes, then introduces the tools and materials as well as direct practice in the fiel...

Human myiasis is a parasitosis found in tropical and underdeveloped countries. It usually affects the elderly, unhealthy and mentally disabled individuals. It is caused by dipterous that lay their eggs in necrotic or infected tissues, although areas of the body that are apparently healthy can also be affected. Frequently the fly deposits several eggs on the peripheral parts of scratches and wounds. The treatment of myiasis involves mechanical removal of the larvae with hemostatic pincers. Larvae rupture must be avoided. Application of topical ether or similar volatile substance is useful. Preventive approach measures, including basic health care, hygiene, access to primary health service, and safe water and drainage, are fundamental to prevent human myiasis. The authors present a case report of myiasis infestation over an extensive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from a 72-year-old patient living in a rural area. Approximately 200 larvae were removed and the patient was taken ...

Background: An infestation of bot fly larvae causes myiasis which is known to cause respiratory symptoms in ruminants. There are reports of bot fly larvae in llamas, but to our knowledge there are no previous reports of nasal myiasis due to bot flies in alpacas ("Vicugna pacos"). Case presentation: The following case report describes a neutered male alpaca showing sneezing and mild nasal discharge. Endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract revealed bot fly larvae in one nostril. After treatment with doramectin, there was no evidence of living bot fly larvae visible in the nostril. Conclusion: Bot fly larvae should be considered as a potential cause of respiratory symptoms in alpacas. In the present case, a treatment with doramectin was successful.

Em sala climatizada no Ranário Experimental da Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (REURG), quatro moscários foram preparados, colocando-se em cada um cerca de 5000 pupas de Musca domestica. Após o nascimento das moscas, cada moscário recebeu, além das bandejas com alimento (açúcar e leite), uma bandeja com substrato para postura, constituído de farelo de trigo umedecido. Diariamente os substratos para postura foram homogeneizados e distribuídos entre 15 bandejas pequenas, acondicionadas em estufas climatizadas e submetidos a uma combinação de cinco temperaturas (20, 23, 26, 29 e 32ºC) e três substratos para a produção de larvas (farelos de arroz, de trigo e de soja). As temperaturas de 20, 23 e 26ºC proporcionaram os melhores resultados de produção de larvas, a qual diminuiu com a elevação da temperatura, indicando ser desnecessária a utilização de aquecimento no larvário em locais onde a temperatura mínima não seja inferior a 20ºC. O farelo de trigo foi o melhor substrato ...

Etude écologique d'un humus forestier par l'observation d'un petit volume. II. La couche L 2 d'un moder sous Pinus sylvestris JEAN-FRANÇOIS PONGE 1. Note préliminaire Cet article fait partie d'une série dont le premier article (PONGE 1984a) a présenté les buts. Rappelons qu'il s'agit d'étudier d'un point de vue biologique l'humus de trois sols forestiers de la Forêt d' Orléans, France (projet PIREN-CNRS «Influence des monocultures de résineux et alternatives possibles»). Le présent article traite de la couche L 2 , nomenclature équivalant au sous-horizon L v de BABEL (1971): elle est formée d'aiguilles noires, collapsées, profondément attaquées par la microflore, ainsi que de parties mortes de tiges feuillées de mousse. Le tableau 1 indique les volumes respectifs des divers éléments rencontrés. Par rapport à la couche précédente, on peut remarquer une plus grande diversité du matériel végétal et la présence en quantités mesurables de déjections animales. La présence de la litière de Pteridium aquilinum (L.), la fougère aigle (sous forme de folioles détachées et de rachis secondaires et tertiaires des frondes), permet de faire remonter l'âge des plus anciens éléments de cette couche à l'hiver (décembre ou janvier) ayant précédé la date du prélèvement (fin août 1981). Les euphylles présentes correspondent au mois de juin, la chute de litière formant la couche L 2 s'étale donc sur environ six mois (contre deux mois seulement pour la couche L 1 ). La quantité de mousse présente dans cette couche (22% du volume total) est nettement inférieure à ce

Au cours d'investigations morphologiques dans la couche L d'un humus de type moder sous pin sylvestre, des différences notables concernant l'exploitation des ressources par les animaux du sol (particulièrement les vers Enchytréides, les Oribates, les Collemboles et les larves de Diptères) ont été trouvées entre les niveaux L 1 et L 2. Dans le premier niveau la mousse vivante est principalement consommée par les groupes de grande taille tels que les Enchytréides et les larves de Sciarides, tandis que les hyphes de champignons sont consommées non seulement par ces groupes mais aussi par les Oribates. Dans le second niveau la mousse est délaissée tandis que les aiguilles de pin sont mangées par les Enchytréides. Au contraire les larves de Sciarides n'ingèrent pas de matériel provenant du pin mais leurs contenus intestinaux renferment seulement du matériel fongique. Ces résultats ainsi que des observations microscopiques sur la transformation des aliments ayant traversé un tube digestif conduisent à rejeter, car ne correspondant pas aux conditions d'environnement particulières au sol, le modèle classique de séparation des niches et de partage des ressources.

Myiasis commonly refers to invasion of live human or animal tissue by fly larvae of the Diptera order where they complete their cycle totally or in part, feeding on living or dead tissue, as well as on body fluids. Infestation of tissues of vertebrate species is pandemic but more frequently found in tropical and subtropical countries where poor hygiene, poor housing infrastructure, warm humid climate, and proximity with domestic animals prevail. Its diagnosis is made basically by the presence of larvae. The present paper reports a case of gingival myiasis involving 14–16 larvae in a 12-year-old boy.

Myiasis is a term derived from the Greek word "myia", meaning invasion of vital tissue of humans or other mammals by fly larvae. The deposited eggs develop into larvae, which penetrate deep structures causing adjacent tissue destruction. It is an uncommon c l i n i c a l c o n d i t i o n , b e i n g m o re f re q u e n t i n underdeveloped countries and hot climate regions, and is associated with poor hygiene, suppurative oral lesions, alcoholism and senility. Its diagnosis is made basically by the presence of larvae. This paper reports a case of oral and maxillofacial myiasis involving 273 larvae in a patient with epidermoid carcinoma without physical or neurological deficiency. The patient's management was antisepsis, larval removal and general care, before death after three months.

In traditional medical practice, the larvae of some Diptera: Calliphoridae, notably Lucilia illustris (Meigen), L.sericata (Meigen) and Phormia regina (Meigen), have been employed for maggot therapy, i.e. to help clean lesions antiseptically, especially for treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. This mode of treatment remains appropriate for cases where antibiotics are ineffective and surgery impracticable.

Osteologic collections are used as an aid to scientific and teaching activities, to provide information on specific vertebrate characteristics, such as body support, posture, mode of locomotion, feeding habits and ecological niche. Known techniques for cleaning entire skeletons or mammalian skulls vary according to the destination of the material, the objective of the study, the taxonomic group, and the size of the specimen. The objective of this study was to test three different methods of maceration for cleaning bat skulls (traditional biological maceration, controlled biological maceration using Dermestes maculatus and controlled biological maceration using necrophagous fly larvae). The methods were carried out during five consecutive months, and the minimum and maximum times taken by each method were recorded and documented. Cleaning by fly larvae was the least costly method; the whole process was carried out during the preparation of the osteologic material. The flies ovulated directly on the pieces and the time spent was relatively short. Cleaning by dermestid larvae also resulted in clean parts in a short period, however, its culture needs specific maintenance conditions, since the size of the colony oscillates according to environmental temperature.

Effect of temperature and density on larval pupation site preference in different species of Drosophila.-Vandal N.B., Siddalingamurthy G.S., and Shivanna N.-The larval pupation site preferences (PSP) in different species of Drosophila were studied at varied larval density and temperatures. Compared to control, at highest larval densities, the percentage of media pupation decreased and glass pupation increased at lowest temperatures in D. yakuba, whereas at highest temperatures with lowest larval density the media pupation increased. At all the larval densities studied; in D. mauritiana the glass and media pupation increased at 20°C, whereas at highest temperatures the media pupation increased and the glass pupation decreased, in D. rajasekari the cotton pupation and in D. virilis the glass pupation decreased and the media pupation increased at lowest and highest temperatures, the larvae of D. novamexicana prefer to pupate maximum on glass and minimum on media at lowest temperatures and at highest temperatures the pupation increased on glass and decreased on the media. In D. hydei the glass and media pupation decreased at lowest temperatures, and increased glass and decreased the media pupation at highest temperatures with highest and lowest density respectively. Statistical analysis has revealed that the variation of PSP in all the species with temperature, density, and sites is significant. These results show that at lowest and highest temperature and larval density the PSP significantly differ in all the species of Drosophila analyzed.

Myiasis is the infestation by dipteran fly larvae to feed on the host’s organs, bodily fluids, or ingested food. We report a 14year old grade 7 female patient who visited our hospital with a complaint of right ear pain of two years duration. Keywords: Otomyiasis, myiasis, aural myiasis, adult

Se denomina miasis a la patología ocasionada por la infestación de larvas de moscas en el hombre, la cual puede presentar cuadros de gran severidad al producir lesiones cutáneas destructivas e invasivas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años de edad, que adquirió la larva de Dermatobia hominis en la zona selvática del departamento de Cusco; además se describe el ciclo biológico del patógeno, las características clínicas de la enfermedad y opciones terapéuticas.

Pemukiman di Kelurahan Beji Timur semakin padat sehingga lahan terbuka hijau semakin sedikit. Akibatnya resapan air ke dalam tanah semakin berkurang. Sehingga pada musim hujan terjadi limpasan air permukaan dan dapat mengakibatkan banjir. Sedangkan pada musim kemarau ketersediaan air tanah menjadi berkurang. Perlu adanya upaya inovatif untuk merekayasa model resapan air yang berkelanjutan, salah satunya melalui sumur resapan. Sumur resapan merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk perlindungan air tanah dan meminimalkan limpasan permukaan, karena sumur resapan mudah diaplikasikan di pemukiman penduduk dan dapat menyeimbangkan penggunaan air tanah. Pada kegiatan ini sumur resapan dibuat ditempat wudhu laki-laki dan perempuan dalam rangka meresapkan air wudhu ke dalam tanah agar dapat menjadi cadangan air tanah. Sumur resapan inovatif ini dibuat dengan memasang geotekstil diseluruh dinding dan dasar sumur resapan sehingga luas penyerapan air lebih banyak dibanding dengan sumur resapan kon...

Background: Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae for a certain period. There are reports indicating that dogs are the most common species affected by myiasis. This study was conducted to identify myiasis-causing flies in owned and stray dogs in Mashhad (Northeastern Iran). Methods: A total of 435 owned dogs and 800 stray dogs were examined for myiasis. Myiasis cases were cured and fly larvae were identified by microscopy using the relevant standard identification keys. Results: Ten out of 435 owned dogs (2.29 %) and 18 out of 800 stray dogs (2.25 %) had myiasis. The causative agents of myiasis in dogs based on their frequencies were as follows: Wohlfahrtia magnifica (50%), Lucilia sericata (28.57%) and Chrysomya albiceps (21.42%). Conclusion: W. magnifica was the most important myiasis-causing fly among the dogs sampled here, sometimes causing very serious damages. However, when treatment was given early enough, the larvae removed and the wound disinfected, the animals usually made a full recovery.

Myiasis commonly refers to invasion of live human or animal tissue by fly larvae of the Diptera order where they complete their cycle totally or in part, feeding on living or dead tissue, as well as on body fluids. Infestation of tissues of vertebrate species is pandemic but more frequently found in tropical and subtropical countries where poor hygiene, poor housing infrastructure, warm humid climate, and proximity with domestic animals prevail. Its diagnosis is made basically by the presence of larvae. The present paper reports a case of gingival myiasis involving 14–16 larvae in a 12-year-old boy.

The presence of insects on human cadavers has potential judicial value in medicolegal cases. This research emphasized the important role of insects in postmortem decomposition. It was conducted to investigate the composition and abundance of insects from human corpses during autopsies in legal medicine. It was implemented in the city of Shiraz, south Iran. Insects associated with human corpses were carefully collected and put into labelled vials. They were then identified using valid taxonomic keys. Fifteen outdoor (67%) and indoor discovered cadavers were examined. All but one was covered at the time of discovery. From these several species of entomofauna played important roles in the minimum postmortem interval (minPMI) estimate. Insects included the orders of Diptera and Coleoptera. Overall, 14 different species of arthropods were identified. Within Diptera, 2 families of Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae were present in 73% of the cases with Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy and Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann accounting for about half of the cases. The latter family members, Calliphoridae, were more frequently (52%) collected in autumn and winter. Only 4/15 outdoor cadavers had beetles. Four species of Coleopterans; namely Dermestes frischii Kugelann, Nitidula flavomaculata Rossi, Creophilus maxillosus Linnaeus and Saprinus chalcites Illiger; were recorded for the first time from 3 corpses in Iran. The presence and diversity of different insects on human corpses could contribute to the advancement of forensic entomology knowledge and the refined estimates of minPMI in medicolegal cases.

Salah satu kawasan yang rawan akan dampak musim hujan yang kemudian menjadi kawasan yang rawan akan banjir tentulah kawasan yang padat penduduk dan tidak memiliki drainese air yang cukup. Dimana lahan yang seharusnya dapat menjadi lahan resapan air justru tertutup oleh bangunan – bangunan. Untuk mengatasi hal ini maka salah satu solusinya adalah membuat lubang – lubang resapan air kembali meskipun di lahan yang sempit.Di dalam lubang – lubang yang berdiameter 10 cm dan kedalaman 80 cm – 100 cm tersebut dapat dimasukkan sampah organik berupa daun kering ataupun sampah rumah tangga ( sampah dapur ). Sampah organik ini berfungsi membantu kehidupan cacing tanah dan rayap yang nantinya akan membuat biopori ( pori/kecil ) di dalam tanah. Di saluran air, lubang resapan  ini bisa dibuat setiap satu meter. Dan dari lubang resapan biopori ini pula dapat diambil hasil panen dalam bentuk pupuk organik ( energi biomassa ) yang bernilai ekonomis. Dengan alasan inilah maka sosialisasi ini di laksa...

Invasion of the orbit by dipterous fly larvae is a rarely reported form of myiasis. We present a 65-year-old man with orbital myiasis caused by the tissue obligatory larvae of the Old World screw-worm fly Chrysomyia bezziana Villeneuve. Larvae were found invading the orbital apex and exenteration was carried out to prevent intracranial invasion. In this case of orbital myiasis, CT scanning was used to document the extent of intraorbital invasion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of ophthalmomyiasis caused by C. bezziana.

Warble fly infestation is primarily a myiasis of cattle and goat. However, a nondescript sheep from an endemic region was observed with nodules under subcutaneous tissue. So, this paper reports infestation of a sheep with Przhevalskiana silenus larvae in Jammu region of North India. The myiasis was confirmed with parasite morphology and specific histopathological changes observed in cutaneous myiasis.

Myiasis is the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae which, at least for a short period, feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liquid body-substance, or ingested food. The objective of this study was to identify the flies producing myiasis in Bahía Blanca city, Argentina, from 01/03/2000 to 31/05/2005. Seventeen clinical cases were studied. The larvae obtained from lesions were forwarded from laboratories and from public and private hospitals. Part of the larvae were fixed in alcohol 70º and processed according to the Mazza & Jörg technique (1939). The other part continued growing in flasks with meat in laboratory conditions to obtain the adults. The etiological agents of myiasis were identified by observing the diagnostic characteristics of the larvae III and of the adults, and by using taxonomic keys. Myiasis was produced by Cochlyiomia hominivorax (Coquerel) in thirteen of the cases and by Phaenicia sericata (= Lucila sericata) (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the other four. The cases were traumatic and aural myiasis and happened from December to March. The ages of patients were four to eighty-six years and 76.5% of the cases occurred in male patients. Given the aggressiveness of these larvae, mainly C. hominivorax, in causing human myiasis, the importance of specific and quick diagnosis and of adequate treatment must be acknowledged.

Cochliomyia hominivorax, the New World screwworm, was a serious livestock pest in the southern United States until the 1960s, when it was successfully eradicated by the release of sterile male flies. It remains endemic in parts of the Caribbean and South America, and there is concern that climate change may extend its geographic distribution. Cochliomyia hominivorax is voracious and can cause extensive damage to soft tissue and bone. We describe the case of a 26-year-old traveler who presented with otalgia and bloody otorrhea after returning from a vacation in the Dominican Republic, where exposure to screwworm flies most likely occurred during a nap on the beach. The causative agent was recognized by its characteristic larval anatomy, which includes pigmented dorsal tracheal trunks and posterior spiracles with an open peritreme.

Myiasis is the condition of infestation of the body by fl y larvae (maggots). The deposited eggs develop into larvae, which penetrate deep structures causing adjacent tissue destruction. It is an uncommon clinical condition, being more frequent in tropical countries and hot climate regions, and associated with poor hygiene, suppurative oral lesions, alcoholism and senility. The diagnosis of Myiasis is basically made by the presence of larvae. The reported cases of oral Myiasis associated with oral cancer in the literature are few. This paper reports two cases of oral and maxillofacial Myiasis involving larvae in patients with squamous cell carcinoma in adult males. The condition was managed by manual removal of the larvae, one by one, with the help of forceps and subsequent management through proper health care.

Warble fly infestation is primarily a myiasis of cattle and goat. However, a nondescript sheep from an endemic region was observed with nodules under subcutaneous tissue. So, this paper reports infestation of a sheep with Przhevalskiana silenus larvae in Jammu region of North India. The myiasis was confirmed with parasite morphology and specific histopathological changes observed in cutaneous myiasis.

Chrysomya megacephala (F) is a blow fly species of medical importance, being pestiferous and a mechanical carrier of various microorganisms to human food. Various strategies to reduce the fly population in endemic areas are needed. We investigated the effects of microwaves at 2,450 MHz, with third-instar exposure times of 7, 10, 15, 30 and 60 seconds on the larvae. Survival of the larvae was monitored by their emergence. About 60% of the larvae lived after 7 seconds of exposure, most died by 15 seconds, and all were dead at 30 and 60 seconds. The number of survivals decreased with increasing exposure times. This indicates the effect of microwave irradiation on fly larval survival.

The occurrence of dipterous fly larvae in human is termed as human myiasis. Human myiasis can be classified based on clinical condition it causes like cutaneous myiasis, ocular myiasis, urogenital myiasis and intestinal myiasis. Based on the need for a particular host, myiasis can be divided as specific myiasis, semi-specific myiasis. Accidental myiasis results when the fly larvae are deposited/ingested by human resulting in infestation, which is also called as pseudomyiasis. Fly larvae may be present on the dead and decaying organic matter and domestic animals like dog and cats which are naturally infested with fly larvae and can be source for infection in children. Very few cases have been retrieved from literature on the occurrence of intestinal myiasis in children throughout the world. We report a case of two siblings in the same family infested with dipterous fly larvae.

Banana hump is one part of the banana plant that is still very rarely used. The Banana hump can be an item with a selling value because it contains high carbohydrates, fiber, and calcium to be an alternative food ingredient. The banana hump can be turned into nutrient-rich flour. Community empowerment to process banana hump into something useful and can be a pilot business for residents is one of the keys to this success of this activity. This service will provide benefits to various parties, including for community service participants, for the counseling implementation team, for universities, and for the government. The purpose of this activity is to introduce and train the skills of making flour made from banana humps, which we named "Tebosang" for the community of Balai Makam Village, Bathin Solapan District, Bengkalis Regency. The methods used include site surveys, interactive training preparation, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation. Making flour from banana hump s...

The biopore infiltration hole is a hole with a diameter of 10 cm - 30 cm with a depth of 30 cm - 100 cm which is added with organic waste and will help soil biota form a biopore hole so that it can trap the air flowing around it. Black Soldier Fly larvae are able to accelerate composting and ordering of pores in the biopore infiltration holes. Perumahan Putri Indah Kulim RT 02 RW 12 Kelurahan Mentangor rarely finds open land semisization and house widening which causes a reduction in the surface of ground air infiltration so that during the rainy season puddles easily occur and during the dry season it reduces groundwater reserves. This activity aims to provide knowledge and insight into the community about biopore infiltration holes by utilizing Black Soldier Fly larvae and inviting the public to apply this technology. This service activity begins with the socialization of the biopore infiltration holes, then introduces the tools and materials as well as direct practice in the fiel...

The stages of bush fly Musca vetustissima Walker, killed by the dung beetles, Onthophagus binodis Thunberg and Onitis alexis Klug, at low and high densities were measured in cattle dung of low nutritive value. A high level of M. vetustissima mortality occurred in the presence of Onitis alexis and Onthophagus binodis in experiments both in the laboratory at a constant 25°C, and exposed to summer fluctuating temperatures outside. The K values for total eggpuparia mortality increased curvilinearly with increasing log10 beetle numbers. The mortality of older larvae, k3, was most closely correlated with total mortality, K, where b = 0.720 and r2 = 0.931, while a lesser but significant correlation was obtained with mortality of young larvae, k2, where b = 0.291 and r2 = 0.645, but no correlation was obtained with egg mortality, k1, where b = −0.010 and r2 = 0.058. It is predicted that in unfavourable dung which occurs during summer, mortality of older bush fly larvae will be the key morta...

The occurrence of dipterous fly larvae in human is termed as human myiasis. Human myiasis can be classified based on clinical condition it causes like cutaneous myiasis, ocular myiasis, urogenital myiasis and intestinal myiasis. Based on the need for a particular host, myiasis can be divided as specific myiasis, semi-specific myiasis. Accidental myiasis results when the fly larvae are deposited/ingested by human resulting in infestation, which is also called as pseudomyiasis. Fly larvae may be present on the dead and decaying organic matter and domestic animals like dog and cats which are naturally infested with fly larvae and can be source for infection in children. Very few cases have been retrieved from literature on the occurrence of intestinal myiasis in children throughout the world. We report a case of two siblings in the same family infested with dipterous fly larvae.

Medico-legal entomology is the use of insects in legal matters. Knowledge of the distribution, biology, ecology and behavior of insects found at a crime scene can provide information on when, where and how the crime was committed. Although insects are known to have been used in the detection of crimes for a long time, there has been no great increase in the popularity of the subject until the last 30 years. Forensic entomology is recognized in many countries as an important tool in legal investigations. Unfortunately, it has not received much attention in some parts of the world such as Kuwait and other Arab countries where the value of insect as indicators in criminal investigations has not been fully realised. For forensic entomology to be effective in legal investigations, knowledge of local insect assemblages and their population dynamics is essential. This study was conducted to gather database information on necrophagous flies and their succession on carrion using rabbits as experimental models. It allowed quantitative and qualitative comparisons to be made in four habitats (desert, urban, agriculture and coastal). In addition, the insects sampled from the carcasses were compared with those collected from human corpses as part of recent investigations in Kuwait. Eleven families of necrophagous flies were collected at four habitats; the most important families to breed on carrions were Calliphoridae such as Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy 1830, Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius 1794) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen 1826), and Sarcophagidae such as Parasarcophaga ruficornis (Fabricius 1794), Sarcophaga Africa (Wiedemann), Wohlfahrtia nuba (Wiedemann 1830) and unidentified Sarcophaga sp. which can used as forensic indicators to estimate the PMI. The most important species in respect to abundance and frequency were Chrysomya albiceps and P. ruficornis. There was a significant diversity of fly species between different habitats. Four stages of decomposition were observed (fresh, bloated, decay, and dry). The decomposition of carcasses in urban habitats was faster than that of other habitats. There was an interaction between decomposition of carcasses and colonization by insects and correlation between the stage of decay and the succession of insect families and species arriving at a carcass. The decomposition was slower when the arrival of the

Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of human and animal tissues caused by larva of several fly species. Nosocomial myiasis is a type of myiasis that patient acquires infestation after admission to hospital and prevention of this infestation should be one of hospital authorities concerns. Therefore, we report a case of nosocomial oral myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata in a woman aged 78-yr-old hospitalized in a Heart Center in north of Iran Aug 2015. The significance of fly extermination in hospital was highlighted and emphasized. Besides, the etiology and different aspects of infestation were discussed elaborately.

Myiasis refers to Diptera larvae infesting vertebrate animals. There are two forms of the disease: primary and secondary. In primary myiasis, fly larvae invade and develop in healthy tissue; in secondary myiasis, flies lay their eggs in skin ulcerations, and the larvae develop in tissue necrosis products. Furuncular myiasis is a type of primary myiasis. Treatment for it consists of techniques such as the production of localized hypoxia to force the emergence of the larvae, and mechanical or surgical removal of the maggots. These techniques, however, are painful and often unsuccessful. We propose a new technique for extraction of myiasis larvae, which might facilitate the surgical procedure and constitute a virtually painless and aesthetic option for the patient.

The new-world screw-worm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an obligate ectoparasite of domestic and wild animals, and in some cases may affect humans. Myiasis in the human neonatal period is a rare occurrence and almost exclusively found in neotropic areas. Although umbilical myiasis is well-recognized in animals, infestation of human umbilical cord and abdominal tissue is a rare occurrence. Once the diagnosis has been made, the treatment is usually straightforward and uncomplicated. In this article, a newborn infant from an urban area is reported with umbilical myiasis caused by fly larvae of C. hominivorax. The blowfly causing this infestation belongs to the family Calliphoridae (Diptera) and the genus Cochliomyia that usually infests only open wounds of animals.

Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. We present a case of rare but not unknown type of myiasis, presented by an 11 days old neonate. The larvae were characterised microscopically. Poor sanitation is probably the most important risk factor for human myiasis. Umblical myiasis though a rare presentation due to improved health conditions and health education still remains an entity to be looked for in case of newborn belonging to low socio economic status parents and even in orphanages.

RW 08 of Sialang Sakti Sub-district, Tenayan Raya District society, majority work as brick craftsmen and mostly carried out by men, while the majority of women work as housewives. In an effort to increase the productivity of housewives and in the establishment of food security, urban farming programs are implemented in this area. The method used is Verticulture. Verticulture method is used because of the weakness of this area which is limited land and poor nutrients in the existing soil. This method also does not need to use a large area of land so that it is easily applied by the community. The planting medium used in this method is used bottles filled with black soil and hung on 0.5 inch ram wire and installed on the walls of residents' houses. The plants grown are bok choy vegetables, green onions and purslane flowers. Mentoring is carried out by the 2021 Kukerta Students by means of lectures and direct practice. This activity has a positive impact on the community and high e...

Insects on corpses could be a useful tool for the detection of exogenous substances such as drugs of abuse. The identification of exogenous substances in carrion insects is critical for proper estimation of the postmortem interval. It also provides information about the deceased person that may prove useful for forensic purposes. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier transform mass spectrometry is a highly sensitive analytical technique that can identify substances even at very low concentrations, such as in the case of searching for exogenous substances in larvae. In this paper, a method is proposed for the identification of morphine, codeine, methadone, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) in the larvae of Lucilia sericata, a common carrion fly widely distributed in temperate areas of the world. The larvae, which were reared on a pig meat substrate, were killed once they reached their third stage by immersi...

Myiasis is the infestation by dipteran fly larvae to feed on the host’s organs, bodily fluids, or ingested food. We report a 14year old grade 7 female patient who visited our hospital with a complaint of right ear pain of two years duration. Keywords: Otomyiasis, myiasis, aural myiasis, adult

Sustainable food waste management remains a major concern in urban areas. We investigated the potentials of the black soldier fly (BSF) and house fly (HF) to recycle fruit waste into larval biomass which can be used as a highly rich protein source in broilers diet. Fruit waste was collected from a local market in Dschang, Cameroon, and subjected to different treatments with the two insects at the Dschang University farm. Treatments with HF received additional fish offal as bait. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and house fly larvae (HFL) biomasses from recycling activities were sampled and analysed for proximate and mineral composition and then used to replace fishmeal in a standard control broilers diet. The experiment took place at the poultry facility of the University, and their effects in broilers were evaluated using growth and haematology parameters. HFL achieved a bioconversion rate of 12.03% compared to 08.35% with BSFL, and the larval meal from HFL was more concentrated in protein and lipid than that from BSFL. However, the two products are not entirely comparable since the two insects larvae were reared on partly different substrates. Their use in diets did not adversely affect the growth parameters and health of broilers, and no mortality was recorded. Based on the results, BSFLM and HFLM can be used as an alternative source of animal protein in broilers diet.