Flood Myth

"Atlantis the Antediluvian World published in 1882, is one of the best constructed Atlantis theories, as it makes no recourse to occult or 'channeled' information. Donnelly's lucid style and command of the facts (such as they were) make the book readable and compelling even today. Donnelly proposes a literal interpretation of Plato's account of Atlantis. He also ties Atlantis into the global flood myth-complex." (From Introduction by J.B. Hare.)

This work presents the application of the multi-temporal approach of the Model Conditional Processor (MCP-MT) for predictive uncertainty (PU) estimation in the Godavari River basin, India. MCP-MT is developed for making probabilistic Bayesian decision. It is the most appropriate approach if the uncertainty of future outcomes is to be considered. It yields the best predictive density of future events and allows determining the probability that a critical warning threshold may be exceeded within a given forecast time. In Bayesian decision-making, the predictive density represents the best available knowledge on a future event to address a rational decision-making process. MCP-MT has already been tested for case studies selected in Italian river basins, showing evidence of improvement of the effectiveness of operative real-time flood forecasting systems. The application of MCP-MT for two river reaches selected in the Godavari River basin, India, is here presented and discussed by considering the stage forecasts provided by a deterministic model, STAFOM-RCM, and hourly dataset based on seven monsoon seasons in the period 2001-2010. The results show that the PU estimate is useful for finding the exceedance probability for a given hydrometric threshold as function of the forecast time up to 24 h, demonstrating the potential usefulness for supporting real-time decision-making. Moreover, the expected value provided by MCP-MT yields better results than the deterministic model predictions, with higher Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients and lower error on stage forecasts, both in term of mean error and standard deviation and root mean square error.

Studies have shown that most parts of Yenagoa, the Bayelsa State capital fall within the high-risk flood zone of Nigeria and are susceptible to annual flooding. However, the 2012 flood was unusual in magnitude and led to the inundation of entire communities, the destruction of buildings and infrastructure. About five years have elapsed since the floods and new construction projects have resumed in some of the hardest hit areas of Yenagoa. This paper draws on data from a survey of 400 new residential dwellings around areas hardest hit by the flood in Yenagoa. The survey involved interviews with home owners and developers in selected areas, to investigate possible lessons learnt in building design, material use and construction in the region. The results of the survey show the percentage of developers who took precautionary measures in increasing flood resilience and those who did not; the factors that have influenced these decisions and level of professional involvement.

There are many ways a disaster come and create huge damages to human surroundings. Flood is one of them. But for the flood it can be said that flood is a horrible disaster which affect many of human beings, animals and properties. Till day many floods came to the all over world. In India also many flood came and created huge disturbances to humanitarians and flood came in 2006 August in Surat city of Gujarat is one of heavy floods in India. Flood in Surat came in August of 2006 and left a huge mark in history of Surat. In this article, it is been studied that how flood occurred in city, what actions city commission took during and after flood and how flood risk evaluation were been done. I.

ABSTRACT The series of damage floods in River Tisza since 2000 and the mining disasters in NW-Romania in 2000 showed exemplarily the reaction of a river as a whole. A cooperation project between the Geographical Institutes of Würzburg and Cluj, Federal Institute of Hydrology BafG/Koblenz, the Institue of Plant Sciences Graz and the State Museum of Natural History Lviv shall elucidate the historical development of the pollution and the consequences for human health in the north-eastern catchment area of River Tisza. Basic information for an adapted river management shall be provided. The first results concerning the heavy metal pollution and ist history show that a remarkable pollution only started with the establishment of the central lead- and copper smelters in the 18th and 19th century. The landscape development since led to an accelerated vulnerability of the region, which may be enlarged furthermore by high-risk mining projects. This reveals the necissity of a holistic approach in river Management. The Tisza River is an outstanding example for this holistic approach.

Introduction: Flood is a natural disaster cause by heavy rainfall and high tide phenomenon. In the event of flood, substantial amount of wastes tend to be moved away and washed with mud that cause the task of waste recovering extremely challenging. The objective of the study was to assess flood victims participation, duration and major problem arise during post flood waste clean-up activity together with respondent’s knowledge and psychological importance in the recovery process. Methods: A cross sectional survey using interview and self-administered questionnaire was conducted involving 150 flood victims in Kuala Krai, Kelantan, who were heavily affected by the recent flood. Results: Respondents participation in the clean-up process was high (N = 126, 84%). Average 1 to 3 months were taken for the clean-up activity. Majority of the respondents had low and moderate satisfaction on the cleaning service provided by the authority (N = 84, 56%). Major problem arises from the past flood ...

Flooding is the most common and damaging natural hazard faced by civilization, and flooding threats are likely to increase given current climate change predictions that suggest more intense hurricanes and precipitation. In September 2013, severe flooding was registered in Mexico as a result of the rare simultaneous incidence of two tropical storms. In order to study the causes of this event, a cascade modelling approach comprised by meteorological, hydrological and hydrodynamic models is implemented. This approach enabled the assessment of the interaction of natural flows with urban infrastructure and planning in this region. It is shown land use changes have significantly increased the observed flood impacts during this event. Results highlight the importance of land-use planning as a key measure to reduce flood risk in Mexico.

This paper demonstrates the design process, implementation and experimental verification of a Flood Level Monitoring system. The main objective of the proposed system is to be able to read the water level at every second, display it to the supervisor and alert the affected populace and relevant authorities by means of an alarm and short message system (SMS) when the level of water surpasses a user defined threshold. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network has been used for sending the mobile messages. Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) microprocessor is used to read in the input from the sensor and then display the result. The measuring system is based upon the theory of pressure being applied to liquids. Furthermore, the collated data is useful to the meteorologist for investigating and monitoring the cause of flooding with respect to time and weather patterns. This warning system is deemed to be a faster method of alerting the relevant authorities and the vulnerable residence.

The 16th of June 1818, the failure of the Giétro glacier in the Swiss Alps provoked an outburst flood that devastated the Bagnes valley, causing 34 deaths and major damages to buildings, road system, hydraulic infrastructures and crops. This disaster had a major impact on the economy of the valley and created a great movement of solidarity. It remains today a wellknown historical natural disaster. In order to reconstruct the course of the wave and to map the flood, we used an interdisciplinary approach by crossing historical and geomorphological data. We first compiled and mapped the large number of historical data available in the local and state archives. These data were then completed by geomorphological observations made on the field and on numerical documents. The resulting map presents the spatial extent of the flood and water depths. This article shows the validity of interdisciplinary approaches for reconstructing past natural disasters.

The introduction of probabilistic flood forecasts by the Environment Agency over the next few years could provide flood incident responders with better information for managing flood events. The inclusion of probability in internal and external communications of flood forecasts and warnings however, presents challenges that need to be anticipated. It is often difficult to present probabilistic data in a concise and easily comprehensible manner. To address these challenges the Environment Agency commissioned research to investigate ...

The objective of this research is studying the Nile River morphology expected changes due to abnormal flows. Damietta Branch was selected as a case study for this research since it is an important branch for discharging conveyance, navigation and because of the future plans of passing 80 mm 3 /day through this research. Mathematical model was developed to study the morphological changes in Damietta Branch due to different flood impacts. For example; the low flow will cause navigational problems, and the high flow will cause overtopping problems. The developed model has the capability of computing expected changes due to abnormal flows. Also map analysis technique is used to study the other morphological changes that the developed model is not covering it. For example lateral migration (shift to left or shift to right) and the change in river width.