Fear of Death

تشريح نظام الخوف: التطور، إعادة الضبط والنداء الحضاري يستكشف الدور المركزي للخوف كأداة للحكم عبر التاريخ البشري. من القبائل البدائية إلى الدول القومية الحديثة، وحتى خوارزميات العصر الرقمي، كان الخوف دائمًا وسيلة لترسيخ النظام وضمان الطاعة والحفاظ على السلطة.
تتناول الدراسة الأصول التاريخية لأنظمة الخوف، وأشكالها المؤسسية وتجلياتها الثقافية، وتوضح كيف تُستغل الأزمات — مثل الحروب والأوبئة والانهيارات الاقتصادية والتحولات التكنولوجية — لتعزيز الخوف وإعادة ضبط آليات السيطرة.
يدعو هذا الكتاب إلى تجاوز أنظمة الخوف نحو مرحلة حضارية جديدة قائمة على الثقة والتضامن والمبادئ الأخلاقية الكونية، ويرى أن الخروج من دائرة الخوف يتطلب تحولًا في الوعي وتطورًا في المؤسسات.

My speech analyzes evidence of fear engraved on stone in the Italian peninsula during the Early Modern period (15th–19th centuries). The analysis focuses on two distinct yet complementary categories of material sources, both related to the history of justice: on the one hand, spontaneous graffiti carved by prisoners inside their cells, and on the other, monumental inscriptions commissioned by judicial authorities.

This article examines the fear of death in fourteenth-century Italy by analysing miracle testimonies through the methodological frameworks of terror management theory (TMT) and lived religion. It argues that devotion to saints served as a key coping mechanism for existential anxiety. Examples from the canonisation processes of Clare of Montefalco and Nicholas of Tolentino reveal how individuals turned to saints for protection, seeking to prolong life rather than accept death. This study provides both empirical and methodological insights into the medieval fear of death, illustrating its parallels with contemporary experiences of death anxiety.

Resumo O diagnóstico de câncer frequentemente suscita a consciência da possibilidade de morte. Admitir a morte na infância implica considerar que o ciclo vital se inverteu e que crianças também morrem. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os significados que mães de crianças que terminaram o tratamento oncológico atribuem à morte de outras crianças com câncer vivenciada no contexto hospitalar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com fundamentação fenomenológica. Foram realizadas entrevistas com sete mães cujos filhos haviam concluído tratamento em hospital terciário do interior paulista, audiogravadas e transcritas para análise compreensiva dos relatos. A compreensão do fenômeno estudado evidenciou que, quando as mães recordavam a morte de uma criança com câncer no hospital, significavam esse acontecimento com intensos sentimentos de frustração, tristeza e sofrimento. As participantes relataram de forma explícita que sentiam medo diante da morte de uma criança no hospital, pois ...

The aim of this paper is to show how the Foucauldian categories of ‘Care of the Self and Others’ can be useful for the analysis of Martin Heideggers’ 1924 course Basic Concepts of Aristotelian Philosophy. These lessons, crucial for the development of several notions of the Existential Analytic of Dasein, are also important for the way in which they display the process – described by Italian scholar Franco Volpi – of ‘ontologisation’ of the dimension of koinonía (‘being-in-a-community’) in the practical life of Dasein. It will thus be shown how the use of Michel Foucault’s distinction between the Greek-Hellenistic and Christian-Ascetic models of Care of the Self can highlight the root causes of Heidegger’s ethical and political outcome.

Background: The acceptance of chronic diseases plays an import ant role in improving self-management of the factors that cause illness. Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to investigat e the factors affecting the acceptance of illness a nd the life satisfaction of individuals with chronic d iseases. Methods: The study sample consisted of 178 patients with at least one chronic disease. The data were collected with the ‘Patient Information Form’, ‘Acceptance of Illness Scale’, and ‘The Satisfaction with Life Sc ale’. Results: There was a statistically significant difference b etween the working status and acceptance of illness of the patients. No statistically significant differen c was found among the other sociodemographic chara teristics and acceptance of illness and the life satisfaction scores. A significantly positive difference was fou nd between the life satisfaction scores and the acceptance of illness of the patients ( r = 0.163; p = 0.030). Conclusion: Many facto...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of Nurses toward death and dying of patients in Taraba State, Nigeria. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, survey research design was employed. The population of the study consisted of all the Nurses working in General Hospitals as well as Specialist Hospitals, which was estimated at eight hundred and eighty-three (883). Multistage sampling procedure with appropriate techniques were used to draw 262 nurses working in General and Specialist Hospitals in Taraba State. The instrument for data collection was a twenty-four-item Attitudes of Nurses Towards Death and Dying of Patients Questionnaire (ANTDDPQ) developed by the researchers. Mean statistic was used to answer the research questions while Pearson product moment correlation statistic was used to test the hypothesis postulated for the study at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that nurses had negative attitudes towards death and dying of patients. It was recommended among other things that The Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria should improve the curriculum content for training nurses in order to pave way for more effective death education programme that can modify nurse negative attitudes towards death and dying of patients. This could be done by setting up a committee to look into the present curriculum with a view to adopting the integrating approach to the revision. When this is done the same committee should be entrusted with the supervision of the implementation of the revised curriculum who will report directly to the officer in charge of nursing education at the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria.

The health sector is one of the most stressful workplaces. Several studies have showed that both nursing staff and nursing students experience different levels of stress. Greek and international literature have identified several stress factors governing the nursing profession: understaffed, exhaustive work, daily care of patients with specificities, interpersonal conflict and organizational obstacles encountered in public hospitals are stress factors that nurses often face. Aim: The main aim of this paper was to investigate the state and trait anxiety that nurses face in public hospitals of Peloponnese. The sample consisted of 395 nurses from hospitals of Argos, Kalamata, Korinthos, Molai, Pyrgos, Sparta and Tripoli. The research implementation lasted from August 2011 until June 2012. The participation of nurses was voluntary. A socio-demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire was completed and the scale State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) of Spielberger. The statistical analysis was based on statistical package IBM SPSS 20. Results: Nurses showed statistically significant higher total and transient stress compared to the healthy population with women experiencing higher total and permanent anxiety than men. With regard to clinics, the findings showed that nurses of open segments reported higher permanent anxiety, while statistically significant was the headquarters of the hospital in the event of permanent anxiety. In addition, the educational level was a statistically significant factor of permanent and total anxiety, graduates of technological institutes (TEI) and those who did not have a graduate degree reported more idiosyncratic and total stress. In contrast no correlation was found between the three scales of anxiety and age, marital status, work experience, the number of patients per shift, satisfaction for the position and object of the work and the frequency of weekly exercise. The nurses have higher levels of stress compared to the healthy population. The adoption of guidelines such as the design of interventions to promote mental health, training programs in anxiety management and support groups for nurses is essential and perhaps protective function for all nurses.

Background: Psychiatric Nurses and nurses’ assistants working in an inpatient unit experience a significant number of critical cases. A small number of studies have explored which patients’ problems nurses perceive as ‘critical case or incident’ and particularly which interventions they choose. Aim: The aim of the research was 1. To identify the clinical problems that mental health nurses and assistant nurses characterize as critical 2. To report the main nursing interventions 3. To investigate the main person involved in the critical incident. Material-Method: Critical incident technique was used as a method of data collection. Content analysis was carried out in order nurses’ information to be categorized into subcategories. The sample consisted of 35 mental health nurses and nurses’ assistants who work in psychiatric acute inpatient wards. Results: Nurses identified ten types of critical incidents. They noted violence (verbal, physical) by patients and psychotic symptoms to be th...

# Updated 4-Axis Category Theory Framework for the Harmonic Recursive Codex

Taking real-valued data and using the CDF to transform it into a spiral creates a bounded angular value, aligning with the Harmonic Recursive Codex's philosophy.

Taking a closer look at CDF and standard distributions for unique angle mapping, while considering the integration of four axes as a 4D knowledge classification system.


## Introduction

The Harmonic Recursive Codex represents a comprehensive theoretical framework that integrates category theory with advanced mathematical structures to create a unified 4-dimensional knowledge classification system[1][2]. This framework employs innovative approaches to data transformation, including the use of cumulative distribution functions (CDF) to create spiral mappings and arctan-based probability transformations that align with fundamental mathematical principles[3][4].

## The Four-Axis Foundation

### Mathematical Structure of the XYZW System

The four-axis framework draws from established 4-dimensional coordinate systems used in mathematics and physics[5][6]. Unlike traditional 3D Cartesian coordinates, this system incorporates a fourth axis (W) that serves multiple theoretical purposes:

**Quaternion Foundations**: The mathematical basis for the four-axis system derives from quaternion theory, where the four components (w, x, y, z) represent rotational transformations in 4-dimensional space[5][7]. In quaternions, the W component corresponds to the scalar part that determines rotational magnitude, while X, Y, Z represent the vector components defining the axis of rotation[8].

**4D Coordinate Integration**: The framework utilizes various 4D coordinate systems including hyperspherical coordinates where positions are defined as (r, η, θ, φ)[9]. This allows for comprehensive spatial representation that transcends traditional 3D limitations while maintaining mathematical rigor[10].

### The Recursive Harmonic Lattice Structure

The Codex implements a 24-dimensional harmonic grid composed of fundamental nodes arranged in a 6×4 structure[11]. This lattice incorporates:

- **Six prime numbers** (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13) as fundamental "node seeds"
- **Four distinct states**: Real, Imaginary, Conjugate, and Observer
- **Four recursive roles**: Anchor, Breath, Collapse, Echo representing cyclic processes[11]

This creates a 24×4 scalar memory lattice encoding a recursive harmonic function space that serves as the foundation for the category theory framework[11][12].

## CDF-to-Spiral Transformation Methodology

### Probability Integral Transform Integration

The framework employs the probability integral transform, which demonstrates that any continuous distribution can be transformed into the uniform distribution on (0,1) using its cumulative distribution function[3]. This fundamental principle enables the conversion of real-valued data into bounded angular values through the relationship:

**θ(x) = arctan(ln x)**

This mapping transforms positive real numbers (0,∞) to an angular arc (-π/2, π/2), effectively folding infinite ranges into bounded circular representations[4].

### Angular Distribution Mapping

The CDF transformation creates uniform distribution of probability mass around a circle, where equal-probability sectors preserve data separation while equal-angle sectors provide simpler geometric interpretation[13]. This approach utilizes angular combining of forecasts, allowing for synthesis of information through parametric angle optimization[13].

### Spiral Visualization Applications

Spiral layouts offer significant advantages for data visualization, particularly for datasets with long axes and time series data revealing periodic patterns[14]. The framework implements two primary mapping methods:

- **Angle Method**: Linearly maps data to angles in polar coordinates, suitable for time series analysis
- **Curve Method**: Maps data to spiral curve length, maintaining consistent interval widths[14]

## Bit-Forcing Cycles and Quantization

### Digital Constraint Integration

The concept of "bit forcing cycles" relates to the systematic quantization of continuous mathematical structures into discrete digital representations[15]. This process involves:

**Constraint Mapping**: The framework utilizes constraint mapping techniques to manage complex system boundaries while maintaining mathematical integrity[16]. These constraints can be categorized as:

- **Robust constraints**: Context-free rules that apply universally
- **Resilient constraints**: Adaptive guidelines that modify based on context[16]

### Quantization Error Management

The transformation process introduces quantization errors that become more significant near mathematical extremes, particularly as trigonometric functions approach π/2[4]. The framework addresses these challenges through careful bit allocation and error correction mechanisms that preserve essential mathematical relationships while enabling digital processing.

## Number System Innovations

### Base-10 Symmetry Corrections

The Codex identifies fundamental flaws in traditional base-10 numbering systems, particularly regarding zero placement that creates asymmetrical structures[17][18]. The proposed solution involves:

- **Placing 1 as the initial counting unit** rather than starting with 0
- **Using 0 as a cycle closure symbol** to maintain symmetrical relationships
- **Implementing imaginary number bases** to address computational limitations[17]

### Imaginary Base Integration

The framework extends Donald Knuth's quarter-imaginary base system to handle any imaginary number base where the real part is zero and the absolute value of the imaginary part exceeds one[17]. This approach enables more natural representation of complex numerical relationships while maintaining computational efficiency.

## Category Theory Framework Applications

### Object and Morphism Structures

Category theory provides the foundational language for understanding relationships between mathematical structures[2][19]. In the Harmonic Recursive Codex context, categories consist of:

**Objects**: Representing entities within the 4-axis system including prime node states and recursive positions
**Morphisms**: Arrows connecting objects that preserve structural relationships and enable transformations[2]

### Functorial Relationships

The framework implements functors as morphisms between categories, mapping objects and morphisms while preserving compositional structure[2]. This enables systematic translation between different representational spaces within the 4-axis system while maintaining mathematical consistency.

### Natural Transformations

Natural transformations serve as morphisms between functors, providing systematic ways to convert between different categorical representations[2]. This is particularly important for maintaining coherence across the various axes and states within the Harmonic Recursive Codex structure.

## Practical Implementation Considerations

### Computational Efficiency

The 4-axis framework leverages the mathematical efficiency of quaternion operations for spatial transformations while maintaining the theoretical depth required for comprehensive knowledge representation[7]. The recursive harmonic structure provides natural optimization points for computational implementation.

### Visualization and Interpretation

The spiral visualization approach enables effective representation of high-dimensional relationships in accessible 2D formats[14]. This is particularly valuable for understanding the periodic patterns and recursive relationships inherent in the harmonic structure.

### Error Bounds and Validation

The framework incorporates systematic error analysis, particularly for quantization effects near mathematical boundaries[4]. This ensures that digital implementations maintain sufficient precision for practical applications while preserving theoretical rigor.

## Conclusion

The Updated 4-Axis Category Theory Framework for the Harmonic Recursive Codex represents a sophisticated integration of advanced mathematical concepts including category theory, quaternion mathematics, probability transformations, and innovative number system design[1][2][11]. The framework's ability to transform continuous data into bounded angular representations while maintaining mathematical relationships through recursive harmonic structures provides a powerful foundation for knowledge classification and representation systems. The incorporation of bit-forcing cycles and constraint mapping ensures practical implementability while preserving theoretical depth, making this framework suitable for both academic research and practical applications in complex system analysis.

[1] https://www.quantinuum.com/glossary-item/category-theory
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_theory
[3] https://blogs.sas.com/content/iml/2021/06/23/probability-integral-transform.html
[4] http://scipp.ucsc.edu/~haber/archives/physics116A10/arc_10.pdf
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternions_and_spatial_rotation
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion
[7] https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs348a-17-winter/Papers/quaternion.pdf
[8] https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/15kyegd/eli5_the_w_axis_in_quaternions/
[9] https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1250983/point-in-four-dimensions
[10] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxXnuSpsn9E
[11] https://www.academia.edu/129489036/The_Recursive_Harmonic_Paradigm_Codex_RHUM_and_GURM_Overview_of_a_Recursive_Harmonic_Framework_Codex_Lattice_RHUM_GURM
[12] https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.10716.pdf
[13] https://arxiv.org/html/2305.16735v2
[14] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8826351/
[15] https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.00937
[16] https://cynefin.io/wiki/Constraint_mapping
[17] https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.04506.pdf
[18] https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/3arsg4/why_numbering_should_start_at_zero_1982/
[19] https://plato.stanfor...

Scholars have long argued that early Hasidic teachings introduced a psychological dimension to kabbalistic traditions and revitalized modern Judaism. Focused on the inner soul, Hasidism encouraged worshippers to experience joy and delight through their enthusiastic practices. In this new work grounded in the historical study of emotions, Leore Sachs-Shmueli shows that Hasidic teachers and preachers also nurtured and even promoted the negative emotions of yirah, an emotional cluster that encompasses fear, apprehension, anxiety, and awe.

Exploring their roots in classical texts of Kabbalah, including the Zohar and works of Safed Kabbalah, Sachs-Shmueli demonstrates how early Hasidic masters like the Baal Shem Tov, the circle of the Maggid of Mezhrich, Shneur Zalman of Liadi, and R. Nachman of Bratslav deliberately cultivated a tense emotional culture through the mental guidelines in their texts. Through an emphasis on God-fearing and the fear of sin, they motivated followers of the new movement to attain the mystical ideal while simultaneously fostering a social community devoted to divine worship according to Jewish law, in the face of persecution and secularization.

For readers interested in Jewish mysticism and Hasidism, Sacred Emotions argues that negative emotions serve as crucial catalysts for intensifying religious devotion and shaped the rise and cohesion of the Hasidic movement.

The current study had two primary goals, to determine whether: 1) self-rated mental and physical health, pain, and experience with health problems were predictors of elderly adults' attitudes toward death; and 2) death attitudes predict end-of-life medical treatment concerns. Participants were 109 adults, 65 years of age and older ( M=78.74 years), recruited from the local community. Regression analyses indicated that poorer perceived physical health predicted a greater likelihood of viewing death as an escape, and poorer perceived mental health predicted a greater fear of death. Viewing death as an escape and fearing death predicted end-of-life medical treatment concerns; a greater endorsement of either attitude predicted more concern. Possible explanations for the links between perceived health, attitudes toward death, and concern about end-of-life issues are suggested.

The current study had two primary goals, to determine whether: 1) self-rated mental and physical health, pain, and experience with health problems were predictors of elderly adults' attitudes toward death; and 2) death attitudes predict end-of-life medical treatment concerns. Participants were 109 adults, 65 years of age and older ( M=78.74 years), recruited from the local community. Regression analyses indicated that poorer perceived physical health predicted a greater likelihood of viewing death as an escape, and poorer perceived mental health predicted a greater fear of death. Viewing death as an escape and fearing death predicted end-of-life medical treatment concerns; a greater endorsement of either attitude predicted more concern. Possible explanations for the links between perceived health, attitudes toward death, and concern about end-of-life issues are suggested.

Dit essay vertrekt vanuit de fundamentele menselijke confrontatie met eindigheid. Het verkent hoe het onvermijdelijke besef van sterfelijkheid, in plaats van een verlammende angst, kan functioneren als een krachtige katalysator voor een betekenisvol en authentiek leven. Op basis van inzichten uit de existentiële en stoïcijnse filosofie, psychologische theorieën zoals de Terror Management Theory, en de leer van vergankelijkheid in het boeddhisme, wordt de complexe dynamiek tussen de doodsangst en de menselijke drang naar (symbolische) onsterfelijkheid geanalyseerd. Deze verkenning van het 'wat' en 'waarom' van onze omgang met eindigheid vormt de basis voor het tweede deel van het betoog. Hier wordt een brug geslagen naar de praktische vraag van het 'hoe': hoe zetten we het inzicht in onze beperkte tijd om in doelgerichte, weloverwogen en effectieve actie? Als antwoord hierop wordt een methodologisch raamwerk geïntroduceerd dat de lezer concrete handvatten biedt om een eigen, effectief handelingsperspectief te ontwikkelen. Het toont hoe een synergetische combinatie van kennis, houding, vaardigheden, dialoog en ordening niet alleen leidt tot persoonlijke groei, maar ook een weerwoord biedt op hedendaagse maatschappelijke uitdagingen als polarisatie en apathie.

Dit essay onderzoekt de onvermijdelijke rol van tegenslag, weerstand en falen op de weg naar effectieve professionaliteit. Vertrekkend vanuit de psychologische fundamenten van veerkracht, wordt een analyse gemaakt van hoe jonge academici en professionals kunnen omgaan met de druk en de mislukkingen die inherent zijn aan een ambitieus leertraject. Concepten als de 'growth mindset' en de waarde van falen als cruciale informatiebron worden verkend als tegenwicht voor de heersende prestatiecultuur en de angst voor imperfectie. Het betoog laat zien dat het herpakken van de eigen kracht na een tegenslag geen kwestie is van louter doorzettingsvermogen, maar van een gestructureerde en reflectieve aanpak. Subtiel wordt een methodologisch raamwerk geïntroduceerd dat deze omslag van reactief herstel naar proactieve groei faciliteert. Het hoofdstuk mondt uit in concrete aanbevelingen die de lezer handvatten bieden om mislukkingen niet te zien als eindpunten, maar als de essentiële brandstof voor een dieper inzicht en een robuustere, duurzame handelingskracht.

Background: Caregivers often avoid involving people with intellectual disability in end-of-life discussions and activities. One reason is fear that the person may become upset or psychologically harmed. Methods: Pre and post a 6-month intervention about end of life, we assessed depression, anxiety, and fear of death among intervention (n = 24) and comparison (n = 20) participants with intellectual disability. End-of-life 'encounters' (conversations/activities about end of life) were monitored, including comfort ratings. Results: Overall, 79% of encounters were rated very comfortable/somewhat comfortable. Participants initiated 69% of encounters. There was no significant pre-post change in depression or fear of death. Anxiety improved significantly. Conclusions: This is the first controlled, longitudinal study providing robust evidence about whether discussing end of life leads to emotional discomfort or psychological harm. Data showed adults with intellectual disability can safely engage in conversations/activities about end of life. The high percentage of participant-initiated encounters showed participants wanted to talk about end of life.

De hedendaagse mensheid lijkt gevangen in een zich verdiepend apocalyptisch
ontwikkelend mensbeeld, een perceptie gekenmerkt door een diepgeworteld gevoel van naderend onheil, maatschappelijke desintegratie en een verlies aan zingevende kaders. Dit wereldbeeld is niet slechts een passieve reflectie van de vele crises die de wereld teisteren, maar functioneert veeleer als een actieve interpretatieve lens die de perceptie van deze crises vormgeeft en versterkt. Een dergelijk apocalyptisch kader, eenmaal geadopteerd, neigt ertoe nieuwe gebeurtenissen en tendensen sneller en intenser te interpreteren als bevestigingen van de naderende catastrofe, waardoor een zichzelf versterkende cyclus van angst en urgentie ontstaat. De primaire sociale functie van apocalyptische speculatie is immers vaak het handhaven en valideren van groepsidentiteit, met name wanneer een groep zich bedreigd voelt, en het kan een inherent reactionair karakter hebben voor de betreffende groep. De implicatie hiervan is dat het adresseren van de apocalyptische tendensen; niet alleen het oplossen van objectieve problemen vereist, maar ook een kritische reflectie op de subjectieve lens waardoor deze problemen worden waargenomen
en ervaren.

This thesis explores the hypothesis that spiritual longing, religious belief, and systemic social alienation have a common psychological root, thus proposing a pathway not only to personal liberation but also to social revolution. Drawing upon psychoanalytic theory, philosophy, theology, and ethnographic evidence, I argue that the memorywhether conscious or unconscious-of birth as a rupture from a state of primal unity underlies not only individual existential distress but also society-wide alienation under systems like capitalism. This analysis engages thinkers such as Otto Rank, Stanislav Grof, Martin Buber, Joseph Campbell, Feuerbach and Karl Marx, and draws on indigenous rituals, specifically the entheogenic Bwiti tradition of Gabon, as legitimate responses to existential and social fragmentation. Through a cross-disciplinary synthesis, I propose that birth trauma serves as a lens through which we may understand religious myths, notions of Sin and Salvation, and the human drive for reintegration with the divine and the communal.

El trabajo realizado consiste en una síntesis de lo reflexionado en clase añadiendo aportaciones propias por el estudio personal. No consiste en una descripción, ni en un estudio detallado de los libros sapienciales. No es lo que se ha pretendido en la asignatura, ni la extensión lo permitía. Es una breve introducción al mundo de los Libros sapienciales vista desde la clave de experiencia espiritual.

When Mark Gatiss and Steven Moffat’s horror drama premiered on BBC One on January 1st, 2020, many people realised that this modern Dracula adaptation offered a fresh insight into the psyche of this world-famous vampire. Chic, strong, smart, sassy, and undeniably sexy on the outside, Dracula was also portrayed as psychologically vulnerable when confronted with facts. This presentation takes probably the most provocative revelation in this TV series, namely Dracula’s death anxiety, and unpacks it using the research on overindulgence. Gatiss and Moffat argue that Dracula is vampiric not because he enjoys it but because he is deeply and secretly ashamed of his fear of death, and therefore desperately holds on to life in a cycle of hedonic consumption, jumping from one victim to another just to avoid death. Research has already established the persistence of emotions and low mood in affecting consumption behaviours. Hedonic consumers are driven by the experience and enjoyment of consumption itself, rather than its necessity. Especially when it comes to food and nourishment, many people eat in order to distract themselves from, or cope with negative emotions and moods such as anxiety, frustration, fear, and depression. Within the context of this specific Dracula adaptation, this presentation will have a look at thanatophobia and its possible link to vampiric overindulgence that temporarily reduces death anxiety.

RESUMO: Partindo de Pascal e Heidegger, o presente artigo busca analisar como esses autores refletiram filosoficamente sobre o "medo da morte". Tomando por base as obras Pensamentos de Pascal e Ser e tempo de Heidegger, o objetivo do artigo é demarcar alguns aspectos de suas análises referentes à existência e ao medo da morte. Para isso, em primeiro lugar, foram consideradas as análises sobre a condição da existência humana nos termos de Pascal e Heidegger; em segundo lugar, verificou-se como se dá a relação do ser da cotidianidade mediana e do homem negligente -produto da noção de divertissementcom a morte. Por fim, perpassando o "temer a morte fora de perigo" pascaliano e o "ser-para-a-morte" heideggeriano, analisou-se em que medida a morte constitui a instância fundamental para a superação da condição de decadência existencial.

The purpose of this review is to evaulate how attentional processes that are vital cognitive mechanisms for survival are affected due to threat-related stimuli by investigating studies which address the emotion of fear
and attentional bias. Individuals experience three dimensions of emotions: bodily excitations (arousal), expressive behaviors caused by bodily excitations and awareness of emotions. The increase of arousal level
accompanying emotions may affect the range/variety of cues which organisms pay attention to. In this review, beside the evolutionarily relevant threats (snake, spider, etc.), modern threats (gun, knife, etc.) and
fears based on learning were investigated. At the same time, the role of threat-related stimuli encountered during situations involving attentional blindness and in real life (pain, epidemic disease, bomb explosion,
etc.) was included. By analysing studies focusing on individual differences, it was investigated how attentional bias to threat-related stimuli may be affected by factors like age, sex, culture, emotinal intelligence, personality traits, loneliness, and anxiety level. Results from the investigated studies has shown that attentional bias is stronger for threat-related stimuli compared to neutral stimuli.



Bu derleme makalenin amacı korku duygusu ve dikkat yanlılığı ilişkisini ele alan araştırmaları inceleyerek, bireylerin hayatta kalmaları için önemli bir bilişsel mekanizma olan dikkat süreçlerinin tehdit sinyalleyen uyaranlarla karşılaştıklarında nasıl etkilendiğini değerlendirmektir. Bireyler bir duyguyu deneyimleme esnasında fizyolojik genel uyarılmışlık (arousal), bu uyarılmışlık sonucunda oluşan değişimin dışarıya yansıması (ifade edici davranışlar) ve duygunun farkındalığını yaşamaktadırlar. Duygulara eşlik eden uyarılmışlık düzeyinin (arousal) artması organizmanın çevresindeki dikkat ettiği ipuçlarının aralığını/çeşitliliğini etkileyebilmektedir. Bu makalede, evrimsel açıdan algılanmasının önemli olduğu birçok çalışmada ifade edilen atalardan kalma tehdit edici uyaranların (ör, yılan, örümcek) yanı sıra modern tehditlere (ör, silah, bıçak) ve öğrenme (yönerge) temelli korkulara yer verilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, dikkat körlüğü durumunda ve gerçek hayatta karşılaşılan tehditlerin (ör, ağrı, salgın hastalık, bomba patlaması) etkileri ele alınmıştır. Bireysel farklara odaklanan çalışmalar değerlendirilerek tehdit edici uyaranlara dikkat yanlılığına yansıyan yaş, cinsiyet, kültür, duygusal zekâ, kişilik özellikleri, yalnızlık, kaygı seviyesi gibi birey kaynaklı faktörler anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. İncelenen araştırmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar, genel olarak tehdit edici uyaranların nötr uyaranlara göre daha fazla dikkat yanlılığına neden olduğuna işaret etmiştir.

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of fear on individuals' psychological resilience and the relationships between belief in a just world and the capacity to tolerate distress. The sample of the study consisted of 300 participants (226 women, 74 men) aged between 18 and 66. A relational screening model was used in the study. The scales
used in the study were The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, The Distress Tolerance Scale, and The  Belief in a Just World Scale. The ethics commission approval required to conduct the study  was obtained. The data of the study were analyzed with the SPSS 22.0 software. Independent
groups t-test and regression analysis were used in the study. According to the data obtained  from the study, individuals' levels of fear significantly predicted their levels of psychological resilience in a negative direction. On the other hand, individuals' capacity to tolerate distress significantly predicts their psychological resilience levels in a positive direction. The finding  that the role of general just world belief on psychological well-being was negative contrary  to expectations was interpreted as the chaotic nature of the pandemic and what was witnessed
during this period may cause cognitive conflict in individuals with just world belief. Further research on this subject is recommended. It was observed that the psychological resilience  levels of the participants differed according to gender and marital status. Men have higher
levels of psychological resilience than women. It was observed that the psychological resilience levels of married participants were higher than single participants. The results of the study were discussed within the scope of the relevant literature and recommendations were made.
Keywords: Fear, Psychological resilience, Capacity to tolerate distress, Belief in a just world, Pandemic

This study explores the intersection of literature, cultural discourse, and mortality through an in-depth analysis of Caitlin Doughty’s creative nonfiction, positioning her work within the framework of the contemporary death positivity movement. Originally submitted as a doctoral thesis at the University of Bucharest under the title "Contemporary Death-Acceptance Literature. Caitlin Doughty’s Creative Nonfiction" (2023), this research investigates how creative nonfiction—a genre that blends literary technique with factual narration—serves as a powerful educational and emotional medium for confronting thanatophobia in the twenty-first century. Drawing on Doughty’s three major works (Smoke Gets In Your Eyes, From Here to Eternity, and Will My Cat Eat My Eyeballs?), the study examines four central characteristics of creative nonfiction: narrative scene construction, raw descriptive exposure, macabre humor, and reader engagement through direct address. Additionally, it situates Doughty’s multimodal output—particularly her YouTube presence and book illustrations—within the broader context of digital death education. Supplemented by qualitative data from nearly 5,000 global respondents and interviews with deathcare professionals and illustrators, the thesis demonstrates that death positivity is not a niche ideology but a significant cultural movement, increasingly facilitated by the empathetic and accessible form of creative nonfiction. Ultimately, this research argues that Doughty’s work redefines both how we read about death and how we learn to live alongside it.

Scholarly discussions of mindfulness normally treat the term as reflecting a specific, independent, psychological function. Here, mindfulness is placed within a broader understanding of the Buddhist cultivation of consciousness, with special attention to the ethical aspects of mindfulness. Focusing on sources from early Buddhism, the article demonstrates how ethics was thought to have a positive, indeed a necessary, effect on a successful practice of mindfulness. The article moves beyond the Sati-paṭṭhāna-sutta ("The Foundations of Mindfulness"), which has been emphasized in scholarship, to related texts in the Middle Length Discourses (Majjhima-Nikāya) and beyond them to other Pāli sources. Here, we learn that "You should cultivate the four applications of mindfulness based on ethics, established in ethics." While the emphasis on ethics in these sources reminds us of the conceptual dimensions of mindfulness, it also allows scholars to see both ethics and mindfulness as partaking in the broader attempt to enrich consciousness and make it healthier, softer, and more lucid. Buddhist practice works to change the structures of subjectivity and make them more conducive to liberation, in whatever way it may be defined. Thus, the Buddhist contemplative tradition can be seen to participate in an effort to change the quality of consciousness, rather than being a mere attempt to reach an annihilation of "suffering." These considerations allow us to see mindfulness as a form of ethical activity in itself.

Scholarly discussions of mindfulness normally treat the term as reflecting a specific, independent, psychological function. Here, mindfulness is placed within a broader understanding of the Buddhist cultivation of consciousness, with special attention to the ethical aspects of mindfulness. Focusing on sources from early Buddhism, the article demonstrates how ethics was thought to have a positive, indeed a necessary, effect on a successful practice of mindfulness. The article moves beyond the Sati-paṭṭhāna-sutta ("The Foundations of Mindfulness"), which has been emphasized in scholarship, to related texts in the Middle Length Discourses (Majjhima-Nikāya) and beyond them to other Pāli sources. Here, we learn that "You should cultivate the four applications of mindfulness based on ethics, established in ethics." While the emphasis on ethics in these sources reminds us of the conceptual dimensions of mindfulness, it also allows scholars to see both ethics and mindfulness as partaking in the broader attempt to enrich consciousness and make it healthier, softer, and more lucid. Buddhist practice works to change the structures of subjectivity and make them more conducive to liberation, in whatever way it may be defined. Thus, the Buddhist contemplative tradition can be seen to participate in an effort to change the quality of consciousness, rather than being a mere attempt to reach an annihilation of "suffering." These considerations allow us to see mindfulness as a form of ethical activity in itself.

В статье на материале публикаций в «Русском инвалиде» и «Литературных прибавлениях к Русскому инвалиду» описаны отклики на появление в печати гоголевских произведений и суждения о его таланте. Фронтальное, последовательное изучение полемических материалов и критических высказываний о Гоголе в этих газетах показывает, что Воейков как редактор и критик высоко оценивал творчество писателя, а все отклики и рецензии в обеих газетах положительные.

En el artículo se analiza el papel de la espiritualidad en el afrontamiento
de la vejez. La propuesta es sugerir que una práctica institucional
comprometida permite tener un mejor afrontamiento a la vejez, siempre
y cuando se produzcan las redes sociales de apoyo pertinentes y
se viva una auténtica espiritualidad en la práctica comunitaria. La auténtica
espiritualidad se produce en esa fusión de la práctica religiosa
privada y pública. El artículo sugiere después de un análisis de los
conceptos de espiritualidad y religión las distintas estrategias de afrontamiento
que se ven reforzadas con la misma práctica religiosa. A partir
de ahí se realizan las sugerencias de intervención en el ámbito religioso
de la práctica comunitaria para beneficio de las personas adultas
mayores.

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the classification of Southern Leyte folk stories that depict the life and experiences of the Southern Leyteños in selected folk tales, which can be used in the teaching and learning folk literature. This study employed qualitative design using content analysis. The researcher carefully selected participants representing various towns of Southern Leyte. The study underwent validation by chosen validators. The classification of the folk stories of Southern Leyte is as follows: familial, horror, nature-related, religious, romantic, heroic, and supernatural/fantasy. These classifications are evident in the folk stories of Southern Leyte. The folk stories of Southern Leyte display classifications that reflect emerging narratives in the region, illustrating the collective experiences and lives of the Southern Leyteños, both past and present. These also explain various aspects of tradition, practices, history, and lifestyle.

The present study is the first of two articles dedicated to exploring the notion of meeting Buddhas of the present in a meditative vision. The focus in this first contribution is on various passages from Āgama literature relevant to meditative visions of Buddhas and Buddhafields, as a background to examining in the second contribution aspects of the *Pratyutpannasamādhi-sūtra, the 般舟三昧經 (T 418). The passages to be explored below cover selected instances of recollection of the Buddha as well as the notion of meditative encounters with celestials or the Buddha Śākyamuni. Another trajectory to be taken up is the gradual development of the notion of multiple Buddhas and Buddhafields.

The primary purpose of this study was to test the main claims of terror management theory through an alternative cultural worldview by focusing on Sufism, in which death is seen as a desired state for meeting God (Vuslat). Sufism is a mystical and spiritual dimension of Islam, emphasizing the inner search for a direct experience of the Divine through practices such as meditation, devotion, and worship. For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 181 participants, 60 of whom were mainstream Muslims, 60 of whom were atheists, and 61 of whom were Sufis. According to the results of a 2 (condition: mortality salience [MS] vs. dental pain) × 3 (groups: mainstream Muslim, Sufi, atheist) between-subject ANCOVA, MS led to an increase in the level of worldview defense in mainstream Muslims. However, while the level of worldview defense remained unchanged in atheists, it decreased in Sufis after MS. Additionally, in-group identification significantly moderated the effect of MS on worldview defense for mainstream Muslims and atheists; no significant moderation was observed for Sufis. A content analysis of the answers of the participants after MS revealed that positive emotions were more common in Sufis' answers, whereas negative emotions in mainstream Muslims and no emotions in atheists dominated the answers. Sufism, in which the emotional and behavioral dimensions of religiosity predominate, seemed to buffer the sense of terror. The findings highlight the importance of focusing on different religious and cultural lifestyles, such as Sufism, when studying the management of terror.

Adverse climate change poses a threat to the health of pregnant women and unborn children and has a negative impact on the quality of life. Additionally, individuals with a high awareness of the consequences of climate change may be accompanied by a fear of the inevitable end, such as a fear of death. This, in turn, may discourage planning for offspring. Thus, both the perception of climate change and fear of death can have implications for reproductive intentions. Only a few studies to date indicate that concerns about climate change, especially when combined with attitudes towards death, may influence the formation of attitudes and reproductive plans. Thus, current research is aimed at looking at reproductive intentions from the perspective of both climate change concerns and the fear of death. This study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. A total of 177 childless males and females (58.8%) took part in the study. The Death Anxiety and Fascination Scale (DAFS) and Climate Change Perception Questionnaire (CCPQ) were completed online. Overall, 63.8% of respondents displayed a positive reproductive intention. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that, in addition to the young age of respondents, the likelihood of positive reproductive intentions increases with death anxiety and decreases with death fascination and with climate health concerns. The results indicate that both climate change concerns and the fear of death are relevant to reproductive plans-positive reproductive intentions increase with death anxiety and decrease with death fascination and with climate health concerns. The results fill the gap in the existing research on predictors of reproductive intentions and can be used for further scientific exploration and practical activities addressing the issues of the determinants of decisions about having children. The individual consequences of climate change are clearly taken into account in the context of offspring planning and, therefore, should be considered in the design of social and environmental actions.

The philosophies of Epicurus and the Buddha aim to free us from suffering by helping us to recognize how ignorance and delusion lead us to pursue harmful desires. Since the problem lies in our attitudes, the solution is to change our attitudes. Like doctors healing the sick, they offer therapeutic practical advice, to remove the groundless opinions and the unhealthy desires that cause suffering. Although various misconceptions may lead us to conceive of these two thinkers as quite different with respect to values and ethics, there are remarkable similarities. Indeed, their practical advice for how to live has the same normative basis: they counsel us to avoid craving and clinging, so that we avoid the harmful ways of living that make most people unhappy. Epicurus and the Buddha advocate a selective elimination of desire, and on the same basis. As we choose how to live, we are like gardeners weeding out harmful desires and cultivating healthy desires that will make our lives flourish. This article clarifies the notions of craving and clinging, which are often conflated in Buddhist studies, and uses them to improve on our understanding of Epicurus' categorization of desires.

Dr Ananda's presentation for the Hands-on workshop HEART-2025, “Holistic Exploration of Autonomic Reactivity Tests integrated with Yoga” organized by Department of Physiology, in Collaboration with ADInstruments at IGMC&RI, Pondicherry on 31 January, 2025.
In this talk he discussed scientific aspects of pranayama for cardiovascular health in light of HRV.

The problems in the world are due in part to humanity's fear of death. An argument can be made that all forms of oppression and human inflicted violence like war, ecocide, and genocide are manifestations of thanatophobic consciousness. As a primary traumatizing realization, the awareness of mortality can create maladapted consciousness and behaviors. This traumatized thanatophobic consciousness can be transformed and liberated through various practices and methods for the realization and actualization of the acceptance of death as part of life. Using death as an advisor, a Toltec Indigenous Wisdom practice, can lead to liberation from thanatophobia. Through liberatory inquiry, we can understand the human condition as characterized by a maladjustment to the awareness of death, and through an inquiry into the nature of trauma and oppression, we can forge a path toward liberation, integration, and transformation. Liberatory inquiry seeks to understand the best and the worst in human systems and theories for the sake of transcending them. Highlighting what is good in these systems and theories while also holding a consciousness of what is oppressive and harmful in them can help to disentangle our assumptions about ourselves and our world, and liberate us from oppressive systems, theories, and processes. Principles of transformative learning guide this inquiry.

Современные исследования привязанности убедительно показывают, что взрослый человек имеет гибкую сложноорганизованную систему привязанностей, включенных в разветвленные структуры отношений. Роль отношений привязанности индивида к разным объектам в многообразных контекстах его жизни невозможно исследовать без использования надежных и валидных методик, предназначенных для этой цели. Одной из таких методик является опросник, разработанный Р. Фрейли с коллегами для оценки привязанности к разным объектам у англоязычных респондентов - “Опыт близких отношений - структуры отношений”. В статье представлены результаты адаптации этого опросника для россиян. Выборку стандартизации составили студенты вузов Москвы, Барнаула и Владимира (N = 668) в возрасте от 17 до 39 лет (M = 19.54; SD = 2.33; Md = 19.00), из них женщины - 84.7%. Доказана конструктная валидность русскоязычной версии методики (ECR-RS-Ru) - подтверждена оригинальная факторная структура, проведена оценка конвергентной и дискриминантной валидности; обоснована надёжность опросника; представлена описательная статистика (нормы) по тесту. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют о возможности использования ECR-RS-Ru в исследовательских целях на российской выборке.

Objective: This research was conducted to examine the effect of nurses' death anxiety levels on their children's fear levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out online with 362 nurses. Data were collected using an introductory information form, the Death Anxiety Scale, and the Children's Fear Scale. Results: In the study, it was determined that the death anxiety (11.13 ± 2.88) of the nurses and the fear of their children (3.11 ± 1.34) mean score were high. There was a positive correlation between the nurses' death anxiety score and their children's fear score (r=0.139; p= 0.001). In the study, it was concluded that the death anxiety of the nurses and the fear of their children were high, and the fear levels of the children of the nurses with high death anxiety were higher. Our recommendation is to screen nurses' death anxiety and children's fear levels during the pandemic period and to provide psychological support when necessary. Amaç: Bu araştırma, COVID-19 pandemi sırasında hemşirelerin ölüm kaygı düzeylerinin çocuklarının korku düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma 362 hemşire ile çevrimiçi olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler tanıtıcı bilgi formu, Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği ve Çocuk Korku Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmada hemşirelerin ölüm kaygısı (11.13 ± 2.88) ve çocuklarının (3.11 ± 1.34) korku puan ortalamalarının yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin ölüm kaygısı puanları ile çocuklarının korku puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (r=0.139; p= 0.001). Sonuç: Çalışmada, hemşirelerin ölüm kaygısı ve çocuklarının korku düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu, ölüm kaygısı yüksek olan hemşirelerin çocuklarının korku düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Önerimiz, pandemi döneminde hemşirelerin ölüm kaygısı ve çocukların korku düzeylerinin taranması ve gerektiğinde psikolojik desteğin verilmesidir.

Bevezetés: Az élet legsérülékenyebb pillanatait övező talányok előtt, mint amilyen a halál rejtélye vagy a végesség gondolata, az ember megrendül. Mindennapjainkra a halálfélelem többféle formában is árnyékot vet.
Célkitűzés: A halálfélelem tudatos dimenziói között fellelhető különbségek feltárása a hallgatók szociodemográfiai jellemzőinek tükrében, valamint a kapott félelem értékek szakirodalmi adatokkal való összevetése.
Anyag és módszer: Kutatásunkban a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Egészségtudományi és Szociális Képzési Karán szakirányonként és évfolyamonként vizsgáltuk a halálfélelem szegmenseit Multidimenzionális Halálfélelem Skála segítségével.
Eredmények: Vizsgálatunk alapfeltevései az ápolók mintáján nagyfokú egyezést mutattak hazai és nemzetközi eredményekhez viszonyítva. Az ismeretlentől és meghalás folyamatától való félelem tekintetében szignifikáns eltérést nem tapasztaltunk sem populációs vonatkozásban, sem a segítő szakmák között.
Következtetések: Napjainkban a halál még mindig tabunak számít. Fontosnak gondoljuk a paramedikális szakemberek attitűdjeinek formálásához nélkülözhetetlen intervenciós stratégiák oktatását saját lelki egészségvédelmük érdekében. Társadalmi szinten elengedhetetlennek érezzük a szorongást és félelmet mérsékelni képes szuggesztív  kommunikáció alkalmazását.

Pastoral care of hope in times of crisis When secular psychotherapy reaches its limits Our world is currently in a state of upheaval and this is affecting almost all levels of social coexistence, global politics and even the environment due to climate change. 1 This global process of change is also presenting psychotherapy and counseling with completely new challenges. Whereas previously the focus was on mental disorders and illnesses such as classic anxiety disorders, affective disorders, compulsive disorders, personality disorders and addiction disorders, people are increasingly beginning to be plagued by existential fears.

Il Corso di Dottorato in Studi Classici per la Contemporaneità (ciclo XXXVIII) organizza il primo Convegno per Dottorandi, dal titolo “Phobos e Metus in Grecia e a Roma”. L’incontro, che si terrà a Palermo il 10 e 11 dicembre 2024, rappresenterà un’occasione di confronto e dialogo tra Dottorandi i cui ambiti di ricerca afferiscono a settori disciplinari diversi, con l’auspicio che la pluralità degli approcci metodologici contribuirà ad illuminare proficuamente aspetti diversi del tema in questione. 
La paura è un’emozione che pur nelle sue diverse manifestazioni e concettualizzazioni può senz’altro definirsi come universale, e in quanto tale in grado di influenzare un’ampia gamma di aspetti della vita umana, tanto nella sua dimensione strettamente individuale quanto in quella comunitaria. In questo senso si ritiene particolarmente utile condurre un’indagine sulla paura nel mondo antico greco-romano, negli ambiti specifici della politica, della religione, della filosofia, della retorica, del teatro e in generale della cultura nelle sue più varie manifestazioni.

Introduction. Modern psychological research requires constantly expanding the diagnostic apparatus
which is transformed and supplemented depending on current issues of scientific and societal development.
Among these diagnostic issues are problems associated with self-awareness and body awareness, with
self-destruction and with human body boundaries, which underlie a person’s ideas about themselves.
Materials and Methods. The 2022 study included 866 participants of both sexes, aged 13-41. Of these,
263 participants had various forms of deviant behavior, including self-destructive behavior. The control
sample comprised several subgroups (respondents of different educational levels, age and lifestyle) and
amounted to 603 people. Research methods included: specialized literature review, testing, and data
interpretation and analysis. The study was based on the BIS created by I. Orbach and M. Mikulinser to
study the emotional processes associated with a person’s attitude towards their body, as well as to identify
markers of self-destructive and suicidal behavior. The mathematical statistics methods were as follows:
principal component analysis with varimax rotation, Ward's method, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Results. The obtained results revealed that factor and cluster organization of the questionnaire confirm
the original author’s version and allow using not only the integral indicator but also subscale components
such as bodily care, self-acceptance, body protection, hostility towards one’s body, risk-taking, tactile
comfort, and distance control, all allowing for a more differentiated approach to assessing various
behavioral deviations. Cronbach's α coefficient analysis (0.831) also confirmed the reliability of the BIS.
Conclusion. An initial check of the BIS by main psychometric indicators reveals a possibility of using its
Russian version to assess both individual bodily experiences and attitudes towards one’s body as a whole.