English and Communication

Eco-enzyme adalah hasil fermentasi limbah organik berupa sisa buah yang
menghasilkan cairan multifungsi ramah lingkungan. Selain nilai ekologisnya, eco-enzyme juga
memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan menjadi produk wirausaha berbasis ekonomi
sirkular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi eco-enzyme sebagai peluang usaha
mikro yang mendukung pemambahan nilai limbah buah dan pelestarian lingkungan. Metode
penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus pada beberapa
pelaku UMKM yang memproduksi dan memasarkan eco-enzyme di wilayah urban dan semi
urban. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi kegiatan
produksi serta pemasaran. Hasil observasi ini menunjukkan bahwa produksi eco-enzyme
membutuhkan biaya rendah, bahan mudah diperoleh, serta proses produksi yang dapat
dilakukan secara rumahan. Nilai jual produk meningkat ketika dikemas dengan baik, diberi
edukasi fungsi (sebagai pembersih tubuh, pembersih perabotan, hingga lotion), dan dipasarkan
melalui media sosial serta kampanye ke dinas-dinas terkait di provinsi lampung. Kegiatan
wirausaha eco-enzyme terbukti tidak hanya menciptakan nilai ekonomi, tetapi juga
meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya pengelolaan sampah organik secara produktif.
Faktor kunci keberhasilan usaha ini meliputi inovasi produk, branding ramah lingkungan, dan
pemasaran yang konsisten. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa eco-enzyme memiliki prospek
sebagai usaha mikro berbasis inovasi hijau yang berkelanjutan, khususnya dalam mendukung
misi kewirausahaan dan pemberdayaan ekonomi berbasis lingkungan.

Body language and facial expressions are powerful indicators of a person's emotions, intentions, and thoughts. However, their meanings can vary widely across cultures. Misinterpretation can lead to misunderstandings, especially in international business, negotiations, or personal interactions. This guide will help you decode human behavior while considering cultural differences. 1. Facial Expressions: The Universal and the Cultural Nuances Facial expressions are often universal but can still have different interpretations depending on cultural context. A. Microexpressions (Universal but Context-Dependent) Microexpressions are involuntary facial expressions that last less than a second and reveal a person's true emotions.

This research was to develop an inquiry-based hybrid training program enhance English communicative competencies of Thai students participating in an exchange program. The research procedure was divided into two phases. The first phase was the development of a hybrid training program based on inquiry-based learning and its effectiveness was evaluated by five experts. Second, the tailored learning platform was implemented to the 30 Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University students in the first semester of the academic year 2022, joined the Thailand-Taiwan-Australia Exchange Program. The instruments of this study were a  questionnaire with efficiency at the highest level (𝑥̅= 4.81, SD = 0.30) and an English communicative competency test with item difficulty ranging from 0.42-0.57, item discrimination ranging from 0.42-0.76 and reliability of 0.89. The statistical analysis was frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and t-test for dependent variables. The results of this research revealed that the inquiry-based hybrid training program consisted of seven components: 1) principles, 2) objectives, 3) training program content, 4) the training program’s structure, 5) activity guidelines, 6) training program media, and 7) program evaluation. Also, the instruction process set for both on-line and on-site classes were divided into five stages: 1) engagement, 2) exploration, 3) explanation, 4) elaboration, and 5) evaluation. Moreover, after the training program implementation, the students’ post-test mean scores were significantly higher than those of the pre-test and the increase with .05 significance level. These findings suggest that the use of inquiry-based hybrid training program enhances English communicative competencies of Thai students participating in an exchange program.

The study aims to investigate the relationship between telecommuting and productivity while examining the moderating role of multiple business constructs like industrial psychology, leadership etc. This research was conducted in India with a sample population from Kolkata, Bengaluru, and Mumbai metro cities where 60% were male respondents and 40% females from the IT Sector and fell in the age group of 30 years -50 years . The structural equation model predicts which variables will enable or inhibit employee productivity in telecommuting. The results supported the hypothesis and examined the moderating effects of many business factors like Leadership style, Organizational change, Communication, Socioeconomic status, Industrial psychology, Training, Employee engagement, Employer branding, Employer liability, and Personality. The study has important implications for academia, future researchers, governments, and entrepreneurs aiming at improving their employee’s quality of life, health, and well-being, a key sustainable development goal, and the goal of a sustainable future.

Interpersonal communication is a fundamental aspect of human interaction that shapes relationships, collaboration, and productivity in both personal and professional contexts. However, quick judgments and assumptions made based on initial impressions can distort communication and lead to misunderstandings. This article examines the communication and psychological theories related to first impressions, snap judgments, and the impact of labeling on interpersonal dynamics. Drawing from theories such as attribution theory, communication accommodation theory, and implicit bias research, the article explores strategies for enhancing interpersonal communication through mindfulness, empathy, and reflective listening. The goal is to offer communication practitioners and leaders practical tools for fostering more authentic and effective interpersonal exchanges.

In today's increasingly polarized world, the need for nonviolent communication (NVC) has increased. As communication technologies grow more advanced, the ease with which individuals can engage in destructive, impulsive exchanges has accelerated. Drawing from both ancient wisdom and modern theories, this article explores the role of NVC in promoting empathy, understanding, and conflict resolution. The paper examines NVC's historical roots in ancient Indian thought, particularly through the philosophy of Ahimsa, and its relevance in modern Western discourse. With references to key figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, and Nelson Mandela, the article makes a case for the integration of NVC into educational curricula and professional training. Additionally, this research highlights the benefits of NVC in diverse contexts such as families, workplaces, and international relations, while offering practical steps to incorporate NVC into everyday communication.

“Teaching is an art as well as science” rightly defined to tell the process of teaching. From ancient
to recent era several methods and strategies have been described and still new strategies are being innovated and
discussed with the advancement of time. Generally and commonly teaching is the process organized at different
levels, in various phases, in particular behaviour and approaches by several functions or methods. Uses of
different strategies in teaching are an art while uses of different methods are a science. Both method and strategies
in teaching have their own bases which need to be understood. To have the basic knowledge of these method and
strategies can help a teacher to deal the students through rightly present content with right approach inducing
effective learning environment. So teaching is an art and science to bring desired change in the behaviour of the
learner. A teacher not only must be aware of the teaching method or strategy but also must know when, how,
where, which and why it is going to be used while choosing it for the students. Finally, we can say that the teaching
methods are the tools in the hand of a teacher to use them accordingly, perfectly, timely, mindfully, intelligently
and properly to achieve the outcomes he wants from his teaching. This is a property of an effective and efficient
teacher

Speech acts are a form of verbal communication that is part of pragmatics and is often used in verbal and non-verbal communication. John Austin introduced the concept and its conditions, which make it possible to evaluate performative sentences in terms of conventionality, actuality, and intentionality. The research on speech act analysis in the novel "The Return of the Native" by Thomas Hardy, which only focuses on the 16th chapter, analyzes the types of speech acts, their purposes, and the dominant speech acts. The qualitative research method used produced 60 data points, with illocutionary acts being the dominant type, accounting for 48.3% of the total.

Speaking and listening skills to flight attendants having international routes are very important to support their performance when dealing with passengers. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 1951 and 2004 issued an announcement that English became the compulsory language used for international aviation. Moreover, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in 1994, required flight attendants to understand sufficient English to communicate, coordinate, and perform all related safety duties on board. This article suggests some methods in teaching English for pre-service flight attendants. As speaking and listening play very important roles in the workplace of flight attendants, role play and speaking practice in the classroom can be very useful for pre-service flight attendants when they are still in the training center. Role plays with topics related with the real work situation such as boarding, seating, announcement, meals and drink service, personal approach as well as farewell should be provided for pre-service flight attendants together with pronunciation practice. To increase the effectiveness of the English course, additional English materials with the help of technology such as videos on airlines safety demonstration, announcement, and other recordings related with the use of polite languages as well as in-flight vocabulary could be used to train the listening skill. The rapid development in technology can also be an advantage in equipping flight attendants with materials in cultural issues. Flight attendants need cultural sensitivity when dealing passengers with different cultural backgrounds; therefore, increasing their crosscultural understanding is very important.

Since English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs have been one significant component of university and vocational schools, being informed of academic and professional language needs of the learners seems incredibly vital. This study aimed at exploring the pre-service flight attendants" English language needs from their own perspectives along with their teachers" at an aviation school. In order to accomplish this purpose, the data was collected from two different sources, including a needs analysis questionnaire in addition to semi-structured interviews with 120 learners and 20 English teachers. Results of the data analysis revealed that both learners and teachers indicated Communicative skills, Speaking, and Listening skill among the first most important skills/sub-skills in learning English; furthermore, poor Speaking and Listening Comprehension skills were reported as the learners" weaknesses by both groups of participants. The obtained data also declared that both groups considered Understanding and Making Conversations, as well as Writing for Practical Purposes among the most concentrated aspect of the main language skills. Additionally, there were not any significant differences between the importance of English skills among learners and teachers, indicating that they perceived English skills and sub-skills quite similarly. The findings could be a great bonus to material developers as well as teachers instructing to-be cabin crew members.

This study aimed to describe semantic activities in the new pandemic era in 2021 at STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau. In this research, researchers used descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this research is semantics lecturer. The researcher chose one research subject because the semantic lecturer is a key informant who has met the requirements as a key informant. Based on research results, the researchers discovered how semantics the lecturer teaches starting from the approach. Semantics lecturer combines two languages, English and Bahasa Indonesia, considered avoiding misunderstanding communication and help students to understand the materials more. In conculsions, there is no difference between online and offline syllabus. The material remains the same. The differences only about how the way the lecturer delivers the material, method, and learning strategies.  Keywords: Activities, Pandemic, Semantics

Since English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs have been one significant component of university and vocational schools, being informed of academic and professional language needs of the learners seems incredibly vital. This study aimed at exploring the pre-service flight attendants’ English language needs from their own perspectives along with their teachers’ at an aviation school. In order to accomplish this purpose, the data was collected from two different sources, including a needs analysis questionnaire in addition to semi-structured interviews with 120 learners and 20 English teachers. Results of the data analysis revealed that both learners and teachers indicated Communicative skills, Speaking, and Listening skill among the first most important skills/sub-skills in learning English; furthermore, poor Speaking and Listening Comprehension skills were reported as the learners’ weaknesses by both groups of participants. The obtained data also declared that both groups consid...

This study aimed to describe semantic activities in the new pandemic era in 2021 at STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau. In this research, researchers used descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this research is semantics lecturer. The researcher chose one research subject because the semantic lecturer is a key informant who has met the requirements as a key informant. Based on research results, the researchers discovered how semantics the lecturer teaches starting from the approach. Semantics lecturer combines two languages, English and Bahasa Indonesia, considered avoiding misunderstanding communication and help students to understand the materials more. In conculsions, there is no difference between online and offline syllabus. The material remains the same. The differences only about how the way the lecturer delivers the material, method, and learning strategies.  Keywords: Activities, Pandemic, Semantics

Language power is the power reflected through the use/fuction of language. This paper is about the power reflected from the types of speech acts of the English Department lecturers' in the classroom. In real situation, most lecturers still become the ones who are powerful person s and dominate most of the activities in the classroom. They dominate most of the activities; as a result there is always one way interaction. The lecturers' power can be seen from the language they used when they communicate with the students. This research is qualitative research. The data were collected after the researcher did non participant observation and they were analyzed firstly using Austin and Searle's theory of Speech Act and then by Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis. The results show that the speech acts that the lecturers used are commisive, expressive, declarative and mostly directive which were performed in imperative and declarative sentences. The value of the directi...

This study investigates the speech acts that are realized by male and female lecturers in the classroom setting. The objectives of this study is to describe the kinds of speech acts are realized by male and female lecturers in the classroom. This research is conducted by using ethnographic design and qualitative approach. The data are the utterances of the lecturers at State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Zawiyah Cot Kala Langsa. Islamic Education Department lecturers are chosen as the source of data. The data are obtained from observation and the transcription of the recorded of 4 lecturers of 2 males and 2 females lecturers during their teaching performance in the classroom. The findings show that there are three kinds of speech acts that are realized by males and females of 4 lecturers of 2 males and 2 females during their teaching performance in the classroom setting; They are locutionary acts, illocutionary acts and perlocutionary acts. In addition, from 5 types of illocutionary a...

Communication without spoken or written words is called non-verbal communication.. The non-verbal communication reflects more feelings then verbal communication it includes facial expression, body language, gesture, eye contact, tone of voice and other non-verbal cues. The forms of non-verbal communication are more than 70000 the categories' of non-verbal communication are Appearances, Body language and silence, time and space. Your appearance conveys your impressions to others which show your attitude towards other. It includes clothing, hair style, posture, stature, and age, nationality social and economic level. Body language means movement of body. Face is index of mind one can easily understand your feelings through your face. Gesture is unspoken means of non-verbal communication. By moving body you can express both general and specific messages. paralanguage also important part of body language which shows anger , happiness, sad and other feelings through pitch of sound quality of sound.. Time, silence and proxemics also play important roles in nonverbal communication.

  This research was to investigate speech acts of Borish Jonshon’s speech concern in the illocutionary act and the use of speech act analysis by Hymes (2014). The speech was held in Prime Minister’s office and Borish Johnson has used a national TV address at 8.30 p.m. The data of this research taken from the script and speech video of the U.K. Prime Minister named Borish Johnson on 23 March 2020 which talked about Covid-19. The research applied descriptive qualitative as a method and hold in Yule’s speech act theory. Based on the analysis, the researcher was found and analyze 222 utterances. Those are consist of, 36% representative, 33% declarative, 16% directive, 9% expressive, and 6% commissive. As the result was representative is the highest use of the illocutionary aspect found in this research. It can be seen that Borish Johnson hoped that his audiences would follow what he said to reduce the coronavirus disease - 19. Keywords:        Pragmatics, Speech Act, Covid-19

This research was conducted to discover the types of illocutionary acts, the most dominant type of illocutionary acts, the implication of the dominant type of illocutionary acts, and which utterances show the function of stand-up comedy in standup comedy performances in Indonesia. It was based on descriptive design by applying both quantitative and qualitative method. This study took ten performances of stand-up comedy which is taken randomly from the internet and there were 1378 illocutionary acts in ten stand-up comedy selected. The findings show that all types of illocutionary acts were used in stand-up comedy and the percentages were: 55.9% of representatives, 22.9% of directives, 16.2% of expressives, 3% of declaratives and 2% of commissives. There was another function of stand-up comedy in addition to entertaining, informing, and criticizing, which is insinuating. The most dominant illocutionary acts type found was representatives. It means, in delivering their material, the comics dominantly convey their belief that some proposition is true and they also indirectly provoke the audience to believe their words.

In the airline industry where effective communication is paramount, precise communication is needed for the flight deck crew in dealing with ground control in various countries around the world. A strict register in English is used for this form of communication, a kind of ‘airspeak’. Less obvious, but equally vital, is the ability of the cabin and ground crew to communicate effectively with the passengers. Emergency procedures are generally fairly formulaic as are the announcements on departure and arrival. However, a major concern for airlines has become the ability of the cabin crew to communicate with more than just ‘transactional’ conversational competence. This article discusses the outcome of a small scale study, to introduce more interactional competence in the cabin crews, conversation with passengers.

The research was intended to describe types of speech acts performed by English lecturers in learning process at STKIP YDB Lubuk Alung. This research was descriptive qualitative. The data of this research were the English utterances performed by English lecturers. The researcher obtained the data by means of note-taking technique. First, the researcher recorded the English teaching in the class using a video camera. Next, the researcher made transcripts of the dialogues. Then, the transcribed dialogues were recorded into the data sheet. Finally the data were classified according to Searle’s classification of speech acts. In the data analysis the researcher applied interactive qualitative method and applied coding system. The research findings show that there were four types of speech acts performed by the English lecturers, namely representatives, directives, expressive and commissives, whereas declarations were not utilized by the English lecturer. The most frequently used illocuti...

Language is clearly to occupy a function whereas a number of people are not familiar with the function. In fact, the problem frequently happens in verbal communication in classroom when the utterances cannot be merely interpreted literally since sometimes what lecturers mean is different from what they have been stated. In order to anticipate and minimize the misunderstanding of language function uttered both man and woman lecturers, the model of speech acts is strongly required to be formed related to the gender perspective as the purpose of the research. Researcher conducted descriptive research with pragmatic identity method with purposive sampling. The data of this research were the English lecturers' utterances used when communicating with the students in the classrooms. The results of the research were QEC (Questioning, Explaining, Commanding) pattern frequently uttered by woman (16 categories with total 301) and CQE (Commanding, Questioning, Explaining) pattern mostly performed by the man lecturer (8 categories with total 80. In conclusion both of the speech acts models/patterns used in teaching are properly qualified to be implemented since the teaching strategy focuses on students' center.

In the study of language, what people do by saying something is called speech acts. Speech acts is not only found in everyday life but also in the film. This research concerns with speech acts produced by the main character in Shrek movie script. The aims of this research are to describe the types of speech acts and to analyze the most dominant speech acts produced by the main character. Besides, the aim of this research is also to know and describe the purposes of Shrek as the main character to use speech acts. The objects of this research are texts in the form of movie script. Austin’s (1962) theory of speech acts is applied in this research as the major theory. The types of research in this study are qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research is applied to analyze the data in the form of the text. Quantitative research is used to count the member of speech acts used by Shrek to conclude which types of speech acts is dominantly used. There are 50 utterances to be ...

Since English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs have been one significant component of university and vocational schools, being informed of academic and professional language needs of the learners seems incredibly vital. This study aimed at exploring the pre-service flight attendants’ English language needs from their own perspectives along with their teachers’ at an aviation school. In order to accomplish this purpose, the data was collected from two different sources, including a needs analysis questionnaire in addition to semi-structured interviews with 120 learners and 20 English teachers. Results of the data analysis revealed that both learners and teachers indicated Communicative skills, Speaking, and Listening skill among the first most important skills/sub-skills in learning English; furthermore, poor Speaking and Listening Comprehension skills were reported as the learners’ weaknesses by both groups of participants. The obtained data also declared that both groups consid...

This article narrates the experiences of eight Japanese individuals who travelled to Melbourne, Australia, not to study English in a formal classroom, but to activate their language skills in a genuine social context. Speakers were willing to take risk in the social process to acquire fluency and develop confidence. Based on data generated from two years' observation of and interviews with the participants, the author documented the pleasure and the challenges that occur in their unique experience. The project reveals a range of preferences, strategies and tension in the languageusing environment. Educational implications are drawn from several key characteristics of this self-motivated experiential model that may be absent in the current academic discourse in English-language teaching practice.

As English language learners move from their home culture to a new context where the need for English use become intensively enhanced, a number of sociocultural and educational factors come into play governing English learners’ motivation, practice, and perception – all of which suddenly become subject to change and re-evaluation. The article is shaped from a case study of three Iraqi families in Australia denoting the development and change in their learning motivation over time. With increasing numbers of immigrants and international students arriving in Australia during the last few years, it is important to understand factors influencing their learning and integration in a new society, which takes learners’ English communication demand and learning difficulty to a new dimension beyond their usual EFL context. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data from the immigrants and findings show that both integrative and instrumental orientations were combined in the proc...

Only through the materials reflecting the language used by native speakers, can language learners become pragmatically competent in a particular language. Traditionally, dialog as a special tool has been used by textbook writers to enhance learners' linguistic and pragmatic competence in EFL teaching situations. However, despite the need for such authentic materials, the content of most dialogs, in the Iranian EFL textbooks developed by the Iranian materials developers, seems to differ from the type of language used by native speakers. Therefore, the present study attempted to investigate the types and the numbers of speech acts included in Right Path to English and the New Interchange series. For this purpose, 225 utterances from each textbook were selected and analyzed based on the Searle's (1979) speech act framework. The reliability of results was checked by two independent inter-raters. To compare the speech acts included in the two textbooks, the Chi-square formula was employed. The results revealed that there is a meaningful difference between the speech acts used in the two textbooks.

In the study of language, what people do by saying something is called speech acts. Speech acts is not only found in everyday life but also in the film. This research concerns with speech acts produced by the main character in Shrek movie script. The aims of this research are to describe the types of speech acts and to analyze the most dominant speech acts produced by the main character. Besides, the aim of this research is also to know and describe the purposes of Shrek as the main character to use speech acts. The objects of this research are texts in the form of movie script. Austin’s (1962) theory of speech acts is applied in this research as the major theory. The types of research in this study are qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research is applied to analyze the data in the form of the text. Quantitative research is used to count the member of speech acts used by Shrek to conclude which types of speech acts is dominantly used. There are 50 utterances to be ...

Cross Cultural Understanding is a discipline which expose how people from different background and culture communicate, interact, and socialize. This discipline is a basic ability for the people to deal with the situation that are open to misinterpretation and misunderstanding due to different cultural background. 
Since the language and culture are inseparable, the cross cultural understanding becomes the basic need for the language learners. This is to assist them to avoid the linguistic and non-linguistic mistake.
This book provides some concepts and guidelines of cross cultural understanding as well as its communication style. Not only general information are available in this book but it is also supported by specific views of how the culture and communication are held by the different societies.

Since English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs have been one significant component of university and vocational schools, being informed of academic and professional language needs of the learners seems incredibly vital. This study aimed at exploring the pre-service flight attendants" English language needs from their own perspectives along with their teachers" at an aviation school. In order to accomplish this purpose, the data was collected from two different sources, including a needs analysis questionnaire in addition to semi-structured interviews with 120 learners and 20 English teachers. Results of the data analysis revealed that both learners and teachers indicated Communicative skills, Speaking, and Listening skill among the first most important skills/sub-skills in learning English; furthermore, poor Speaking and Listening Comprehension skills were reported as the learners" weaknesses by both groups of participants. The obtained data also declared that bot...

Perlocutionary act is the result of the effect of an utterance. Perlocutionary act brings the hearer to learn something, persuade, deceive, encourage, irritate, frighten, amuse, get the hearer to do something, inspire, impress, distract, get the hearer to think about, relieve tension, embarrass, attract attention, bored. Perlocutionary act is a speech act spoken by a speaker to influence the interlocutors and can be found in the communication process. One form of communication process can be found in conversations between the characters in story from children’s reading book. Perlocutionary act is uttered with different pragmatic functions according to the context of the speech. The objectives of this journal are to describe the functions of perlocutionary act in levelled reading book. The journal approach used pragmatics and qualitative approach.Keyword : perlocutionary act, pragmatic function, levelled reading book

This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The source of the data are document (the authentic manuscript) and video of “Mona Lisa Smile” film.  The goals of this research are (1) to identify the contexts of declarative utterances uttered by the main character (Katherine Wattson) in the film entitled “Mona Lisa Smile”, (2) to explain the pragmatic forces of declarative utterances. To find the pragmatic forces of declarative utterances in the film entitled “Mona Lisa Smile” the researcher identifies the context of each datum in declarative utterance based on Austin’s classification of act performance in language. There are 69 utterances in the film, then the researcher randomly takes 35 utterances of declarative utterances to be analyzed. The results of this research are, that (1) In every utterance, context has important role in determine the meaning of the utterance, (2) The hearer’s response to Katherine Watson’s declarative utterances varies. The hearer’s response can be...

Since English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs have been one significant component of university and vocational schools, being informed of academic and professional language needs of the learners seems incredibly vital. This study aimed at exploring the pre-service flight attendants" English language needs from their own perspectives along with their teachers" at an aviation school. In order to accomplish this purpose, the data was collected from two different sources, including a needs analysis questionnaire in addition to semi-structured interviews with 120 learners and 20 English teachers. Results of the data analysis revealed that both learners and teachers indicated Communicative skills, Speaking, and Listening skill among the first most important skills/sub-skills in learning English; furthermore, poor Speaking and Listening Comprehension skills were reported as the learners" weaknesses by both groups of participants. The obtained data also declared that both groups considered Understanding and Making Conversations, as well as Writing for Practical Purposes among the most concentrated aspect of the main language skills. Additionally, there were not any significant differences between the importance of English skills among learners and teachers, indicating that they perceived English skills and sub-skills quite similarly. The findings could be a great bonus to material developers as well as teachers instructing to-be cabin crew members.

Research problem: Many Asian universities have begun reforms to enhance educational competitiveness in our globalizing economy. This study aims to ascertain the status of English communication education and English-medium instruction at a Korean engineering school and to offer workable suggestions for English communication training for Korean graduate engineering students. Research questions: Should English communication education be offered at the graduate level in Korean engineering schools? How could English communication education be improved for Korean graduate engineering students? Literature review: Studies of English communication education for graduate engineering students indicate that English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students have English needs to publish internationally and English needs for English-medium instruction classes and for after graduation. Furthermore, individual assistance and e-learning programs might strengthen English communication education and academic writing for EFL graduate engineering students. Methodology: An evaluation study was conducted at an institution that has been leading the wave of English as the language of instruction. We collected data from documents as well as through surveys of faculty and students in graduate engineering programs. Results and discussion: The study was conducted at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. The results showed that students' English fluency is critical for the success of using English as a medium of instruction. To facilitate this fluency, universities need to establish an English communication center that provides a comprehensive, systematic approach to English language training. Faculty also need the services of such centers. It is also advised that a thesis writing course be customized according to students' actual writing and communication abilities and enhanced with collaboration between engineering faculty and English education faculty.

english in the real world: what classroom pedagogy has not taught aBstract This article narrates the experiences of eight Japanese individuals who travelled to Melbourne, Australia, not to study English in a formal classroom, but to activate their language skills in a genuine social context. Speakers were willing to take risk in the social process to acquire fluency and develop confidence. Based on data generated from two years' observation of and interviews with the participants, the author documented the pleasure and the challenges that occur in their unique experience. The project reveals a range of preferences, strategies and tension in the language-using environment. Educational implications are drawn from several key characteristics of this self-motivated experiential model that may be absent in the current academic discourse in English-language teaching practice. How tHe project tooK sHape It was in Melbourne, where I have taught TESOL over the past twelve years, that I observed a phenomenon that stays beyond my academic experience and that is yet to be documented in the TESOL research literature. It was a spontaneous movement of travellers from Japan to Australia with a passion for developing English communication skills on their own accord.

ABSTRACT
This research is related to the pragmatics study, which analyzes language and focuses on meaning and language used based on contexts. In learning and using of any language especially English, we are strongly required to recognize and familiarize with the concepts of language use, context and language functions. Some linguists agree that speech acts and language function cannot be thoroughly separated from contexts especially from gender perspective. Consequently, speaking a language or using speech acts in the right context means to function language in the right function too. Furthermore, this study applied pragmatic identity method. This method is used to identify linguistic units according to the linguistic units and the effects which are uttered by the speakers. There were some findings of this study; firstly there were four types of speech acts used by the lecturers in the teaching and learning process. They were representatives, expressives, directives, and commissives. Secondly, there were 16 sub-categories of speech acts with total frequency 381. Particularly, a number of speech acts used by woman lecturer were 16 categories with total 301 speech acts. Man lecturer speech acts sub-categories compared to woman, there were only 9 categories performed by the man lecturer with the number of frequency was 80. Thirdly, woman lecturer pattern was (QEC) whereas CQE was pattern used by the man lecturer in speech acts viewed from gender perspectives. Finally, the researcher found that QEC and CQE have done by their own reasons. Theoretically, CQE pattern is strongly suggested to be used because it is related to the scientific approach that is discovery learning which stimulates the students to observe, question, associate, experiment, and then communicate.

College of Teacher Training and Education (STKIP) PGRI West Sumatra ___________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja jenis respon mahasiswa terhadap tugas yang dikomunikasikan dosen serta bagaimana cara mahasiswa merespon tugas yang disampaikan tersebut. Disamping itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui kenapa mahasiswa memberikan respon yang berbeda-beda terhadap tugas yang disampaikan dosen. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa jurusan bahasa inggris di STKIP PGRI SUMBAR yang diambil berdasarkan purposive sampling. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti melakukan pengamatan dengan merekam proses belajar mengajar yang dilakukan dosen dan mahasiswa. Kemudian, peneliti mendapatkan beberapa data dari pengamatan yang telah dilakukan. Dalam mengkomunikasikan tugas pada umumnya disampaikan secara lisan dan terjadi diawal,ditengah dan diakhir penjelasan. Dalam hal ini, mahasiswa merespon dengan menggunakan confrimation dan disconfirmation response terhadap tugas yang dikomunikasikan dosen. Di dalam confirmation mahasiswa merespon dengan cara direct acknowledgement, positive feeling, clarifying and agreeing response. Selanjutnya mahasiswa merespon dengan cara impervious, irrelevant, interrupting, incoherent, and incongruous response untuk tipe disconfirmation. Namun, respon yang banyak dilakukan mahasiswa adalah disconfirmation response. Respon tersebut dilakukan tergantung dari situasi dan kondisi kelas saat tugas itu berlangsung. Kata kunci : Perlocutionary acts ___________________________________________________________________________

In Thailand, flight attendants are considered good at English communicative skills, which is an amazing thing to most Thais. This is because, after spending at least 12 years learning English in primary and secondary schools and universities, they still cannot understand or communicate in English fluently, especially with listening and speaking skills. However, previous studies found that flight attendants did have English communication problems. The paper focuses on linguistics-related problems that Thai flight attendants, including senior flight attendants, encountered while communicating with passengers in English. Accents and pronunciation play some of the major parts in terms of listening and speaking proficiencies. Pronunciation is the basics of listening skills which leads to speaking skills. Failing to pronounce correctly, the English learners could have problems with all four English skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing). Nonetheless, it could be said that pronunciation has been overlooked in Thai education.

Effective communication is the essence of growth and development. The technical institutes in India have
special courses designed to enhance and polish the communicative skills of their students. However, it may
happen that some students benefit from the teaching practices more than the others. This does not always have to
do with attention deficit from the students but the linguistic background of the students many times plays role
subconsciously. It is the responsibility of the facilitator/ resource person to identify the students on the basis of
the number of languages that they know and make groups where English communicative skills is to be taught as
a second language or a third language. The research discussed in this paper presents the findings of four
technical institutes where the underperformers in English mainly comprised of such students who were native
speakers of another language using Hindi as their second language and trying to learn English as a third
language. Proper intervention from the facilitators and the teachers and correct teaching practices can improve
the skills of al students alike.
Keywords: Communicative skills, ELT for technical students, ESL, English as third language, ELT in
multilingual setting, technical communication

Technology, or what is known in educational circles as Interactive Computer Technology (ICT), has an uneasy history with the English teacher in the English classroom, or at least that is my experience. On the one hand, there are the ICT prophets who cry in the wilderness about the new (and now not-so-new) interactive online world - the digital world - that is changing the whole landscape of how we, as English teachers, conceive and practice literacy(ies) (Hawisher and Selfe, 2000; Alvermann, 2002; Kapitzke, 2002; Haywood, et al, 2006; Leu, 2007; Coiro, 2008; Kenton and Blummer, 2010). They talk about literacies, about digital literacies, about digital selves and communicating in the interactive age of Facebook, Twitter, tablets and personal e-devices (Roschelle and Tatar, 2007; Parmar, 2011). It's not as if we have to think about ICT in our classrooms, according to these prophets, it is already here and in our faces, and we avoid it to our peril. On the other hand, there are the neo-Luddites (see Frobish, 2002; Bigge, 2006) for whom computers and digital devices are anathema and good teaching is about engagement with good literature, about the teacher-student connection, about the craft of writing, and about the tangibility of holding a book in one's hand and feeling its weight of imagination. Probably, like me, you sit somewhere inbetween these two positions: sensing the obligations of the digital age and also pining nostalgically for a time when writing was king, the book was queen and the pen was mightier than the sword.