Emergencies and Disasters

Vivemos tempos de rápidas mudanças em meio a transformações sociais e desafios globais sem precedentes. Crescimento populacional, envelhecimento demográfico, transição epidemiológica, urbanização acelerada, crises climáticas recorrentes e a frequência crescente de eventos extremos estão (re)configurando os espaços de saúde. Este livro propõe uma análise crítica e prática dos desafios contemporâneos da saúde, mostrando como arquitetura e engenharias se tornaram protagonistas na construção de sistemas de saúde resilientes, humanos e eficientes. Mais do que soluções técnicas, os textos convidam à reflexão: como transformar edifícios em ecossistemas de cuidado capazes de se adaptar continuamente a novas demandas, antecipar riscos, proteger profissionais e acolher pacientes? Como conciliar normas, tecnologia e humanização sem perder de vista equidade e sustentabilidade? Ao articular diferentes perspectivas, o livro evidencia que a resiliência em saúde é, antes de tudo, um exercício coletivo e interdisciplinar. É nesse encontro entre saberes que surgem soluções capazes de reinventar a forma como projetamos, gerimos e vivenciamos os espaços de saúde. Direcionado a arquitetos, engenheiros, gestores, profissionais de saúde e pesquisadores, esta obra é um convite para repensar práticas, testar novas ideias e engajar-se na co-criação de espaços de saúde. Um convite à ação colaborativa para transformar edifícios em verdadeiros ecossistemas de cuidado.

This paper examines how Palestinian children can achieve independence, resilience, and empowerment through English language learning and humanitarian education amid ongoing conflict. War, displacement, and educational disruption create significant challenges for literacy, cognitive development, and emotional well-being. Education emphasizing English proficiency, humanitarian principles, and trauma-informed pedagogy enables children to develop critical thinking, emotional resilience, and social agency. Structured programs help children navigate adversity, maintain cultural identity, and envision a future of freedom.

This paper examines how Palestinian children can achieve independence, resilience, and empowerment through English language learning and humanitarian education amid ongoing conflict. War, displacement, and educational disruption create significant challenges for literacy, cognitive development, and emotional well-being. Education emphasizing English proficiency, humanitarian principles, and trauma-informed pedagogy enables children to develop critical thinking, emotional resilience, and social agency. Structured programs help children navigate adversity, maintain cultural identity, and envision a future of freedom.

Фактично всі без виключення протигази та інші 313, що зберігаються на складах з часів Радянського Союзу, дав-но застаріли і не тільки непридатні, навіть небезпечні для використання. Як же вирішити проблему захисту населення та працівників підприємств в екстремальних умовах, коли сьогодні в Україні не виробляють ся, і практично немає традиційних засобів індивідуального захисту: протигазів, додаткових патронів до них, аптечок АІ-2, протихімічних пакетів. Аптечка дозволяє евакуювати без втрат працюючий персонал і населення з хімічно-, радіаційно-та бактеріально-небезпечної зони. Крім того, аптечка призначається для надання першої допомоги при травмуванні, легкому пораненні, харчових отруєннях та інших ураженнях, а також екстреної самодопомоги в умовах хімічного, радіаційного зараження та в осередках інфекційного захворювання.

This literature review examines the state of emergency preparedness in higher education institutions (HEIs), with a focus on institutional readiness and disaster response in the Philippine context. As academic centers responsible for instruction, research, and community engagement, HEIs are expected to play a proactive role in fostering disaster resilience. Through a review of 30 studies from 2015 to 2025, five key themes emerged: (1) student awareness and preparedness, (2) institutional readiness and risk reduction implementation, (3) communication systems and coordination, (4) disaster risk reduction education and curriculum integration, and (5) policy, governance, and research in disaster risk management. The results show that HEIs are making progress in some areas of disaster preparedness but not in others. While initiatives such as integrating the curriculum and utilizing ICT tools show promise, challenges persist in implementing policies, providing mental health support, and adapting to local risks, particularly in rural and under-resourced schools. The review concludes with recommendations for integrating DRRM into the governance of higher education institutions, enhancing capacity-building efforts, strengthening research and extension programs, and fostering a culture of institutional resilience.

Program APELL (The Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies at Local Level) adalah sebuah proses yang membantu orang mencegah, mempersiapkan dan merespons dengan tepat terhadap kecelakaan dan keadaan darurat. APELL dirancang untuk membangun sebuah rencana tunggal yang akan beroperasi secara efektif pada tingkat lokal, dimana upaya respon yang pertama itu sangat penting untuk menggunakan semua rencana darurat yang sudah direncanakan sebelumnya. Pengembangan dokumen APELL ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan efek berbahaya dari kejadian dan kecelakaan kerja dan keadaan darurat di negara-negara berkembang supaya dapat mencegah atau mengurangi hilangnya nyawa, kesejahteraan sosial dan lingkungan sekitar lokasi terdampak.

Los fenómenos naturales pueden ocurrir en cualquier momento; así ha sucedido a lo largo de la historia. Si bien su naturaleza es impredecible, con la tecnología actual en telecomunicaciones pueden pronosticarse algunos fenómenos, como los meteorológicos, lo cual puede hacerse con días de antelación, o, con pocos minutos antes de que suceda el evento,
como con algunos de los geológicos, sean los terremotos. Sin importar la facilidad existente para su predicción, es importante que la población gestione la reducción del riesgo ante desastres de todo tipo, con el fin de disminuir las amenazas y las vulnerabilidades del territorio habitado y, con ello, evitar la mayor cantidad de daños posible. Parte de la gestión del riesgo es la creación de planes de telecomunicaciones de emergencias, ya que permitirá a la población humana mantenerse en contacto aún cuando ocurra un evento natural, biológico o antropológico que dañe a las líneas vitales. La presente investigación abordó la gestión de reducción del riesgo desde la etapa de la reducción, enfocándose en el fenómeno geológico de las erupciones volcánicas para el cantón de Cartago, en la provincia de Cartago en Costa Rica, América Central. Con base en la información recabada mediante el trabajo de campo se elaboró
una propuesta de plan de telecomunicaciones de emergencias considerando a los posibles efectos causados por los volcanes Irazú y Turrialba, con el fin de aportar un instrumento de política pública a la Municipalidad de Cartago y a la población cartaginesa.


Natural phenomena can occur at any time; this has happened throughout history. Although their nature is unpredictable, with current telecommunications technology, some phenomena, such as meteorological events, can be predicted with days in advance, or just minutes before the event occurs, as some geological events, like earthquakes. Regardless of the ease of prediction, it is important for the human population to manage the risk of natural disaster by reducing it,
considering disasters of all kinds, in order to reduce the threats and vulnerabilities of the territory they inhabit and, thereby, avoid as much damage as possible. Part of risk management is the creation of emergency telecommunications plans, for this will allow the human
population to keep the contact even when a natural, biological, or anthropological event occurs, damaging the lifelines. This research addressed risk reduction management of natural disasters from the reduction stage, focusing on the geological phenomenon of volcanic eruptions in the canton of Cartago, in the province of Cartago, Costa Rica, Central America. Based on the information collected through the fieldwork, a proposal for an emergency telecommunications plan was developed, taking into account the potential effects caused by the Irazú and Turrialba
volcanoes. This plan aims to provide a public policy tool for the Municipality of Cartago and the Cartago canton community.

This study examines the experiences of mukhtars in Hatay, Türkiye, following the February 6 earthquakes. Framed by the "institutional voids" concept, this qualitative study finds that mukhtars became critical first responders but were systemically overburdened by the collapse of formal governance. Validated through analytical triangulation, the findings detail severe challenges in communication, resource management, and damage assessments. The study concludes that enhancing community resilience requires moving beyond theoretical recognition to the formal integration of hyper-local actors, such as mukhtars, into centralized disaster governance, supported by clear legal and institutional frameworks.

In the evolving landscape of emergency management, the reliance on volunteer responders has become increasingly critical, driven by budgetary constraints across various levels of government.  The essential role that volunteers play necessitates robust protections to ensure their continued participation in life-saving activities. This abstract examines the frameworks of liability and protection for volunteer responders, as outlined in the Citizen Corps Liability Guide published by FEMA.  The Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 emerged as a landmark piece of legislation, providing vital safeguards for volunteers not fully covered by state law and, thereby, enhancing their capacity to assist during emergencies. Additionally, spontaneous volunteers are afforded protections under the Good Samaritan Law, as long as their actions do not exacerbate harm. Another vital mechanism, the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC), facilitates the mobilization of volunteer resources across state lines, promoting uniformity in protection.  With various state laws enacted to strengthen volunteer protections from liability, these legislative measures collectively bolster the framework that supports volunteer participation in emergency response efforts.  This commitment to safeguarding volunteer responders is crucial for maintaining a resilient emergency management system that can effectively address crises promptly and efficiently. Reinforcing the legal protections for volunteers not only empowers individuals to act during emergencies but also strengthens community responses, thereby fortifying the collective capacity to save lives and mitigate the impacts of disasters.

ABSTRACT
Flood hazard is the most challenging hazard with several frequent impacts within the country. Generally, the chief objective of this study was to analyze the cause and effect of the seasonal flood hazard and the mitigation measures to be put in place by the rural households of Lare district. To come up with fine inference, descriptive statistic was employed for analyzing the quantitative and qualitative data that were collected through a household questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. This has shown that the study was undertaken using a mixed research approach in which the Statistical package for the social sciences version 23 was used for analyzing the data collected from 204 respondents. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the causes of the flood and were tabulated and presented in a chart. The effects of the flood were loss of livestock, crops, disease, and loss of money, which is (21,083,870 ETB). Mitigating the effect of the flood was carried out through coping strategies, mitigation strategies, and passing on warning information. The result of the measuring method used for mitigating flood effects was to define those variables as being selected or not selected during the field survey, and finally, analyze the result using frequency and cross-tabbing. The outcome of the findings has shown that rainfall, distance from the river, and absence of vegetation cover were deemed factors for the occurrence of flood hazard, resulting in a serious effect on the households of the affected site. The result has shown that floods severely affect crops, livestock, houses, and cause loss of many assets and valuable property that reaching up to 21,083,870. The underlying causes of vulnerability to flood for each household were activities like cultivation along the riverside, lack of alternative livelihood, poverty, and residing in flood flood-prone area. In this instance, female-headed households are more vulnerable compared to male-headed households. The result presented in this study has shown that the cause of flood hazard has a direct relationship to the effect and the mitigation measure. Based on the results of the findings presented in this study, early dissemination of the warning messages, moving to higher ground, and constructing of channel must be in place for the safety of the district from flooding.

Keywords: Cause, Effect, Flood, Mitigation, District.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007
tentang Penanggulangan Bencana di Indonesia dengan menggunakan desain studi
dokumen dan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengumpulan dokumen
kebijakan, laporan resmi dari Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) dan Badan
Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), serta dokumentasi program lokal. Teknik
analisis tematik digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tema-tema utama terkait implementasi
undang-undang, termasuk tantangan, strategi, dan dampak kebijakan. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa implementasi undang-undang ini bervariasi antar daerah, dengan
daerah berisiko tinggi cenderung lebih siap dibandingkan dengan daerah yang kurang
berpengalaman. Tantangan utama termasuk desentralisasi, koordinasi antarlembaga, dan
partisipasi masyarakat yang rendah. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi
peluang untuk penguatan implementasi, termasuk peningkatan kapasitas lokal, alokasi
anggaran yang lebih memadai, dan adopsi teknologi canggih. Dengan pendekatan yang
lebih terintegrasi dan kolaboratif, diharapkan efektivitas undang-undang ini dapat
ditingkatkan, sehingga kebijakan penanggulangan bencana di Indonesia menjadi lebih
adaptif dan responsif terhadap perubahan risiko bencana.
Kata kunci: undang-undang kebencanaan, manajemen bencana, mitigasi, Indonesia, kebijakan publik.

The concept of an innovative drone system designed to revolutionize search and rescue operations in disaster scenarios. This system aims to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI) for automatic human detection, alongside advanced technologies such as cameras, processors, and payload mechanisms. By integrating these components, the drone system will autonomously survey disaster areas, identifying individuals in need of assistance with precision and speed. Upon detection, the system will generate alarms to alert rescue teams promptly. Furthermore, the drone will be equipped with efficient payload dropping mechanisms, enabling it to deliver essential supplies to remote or inaccessible locations within the disaster zone. Through the seamless integration of AI and advanced technologies, this drone system represents a significant advancement in disaster response capabilities, with the potential to save lives and mitigate the impact of disasters on affected communities.

This review article examines the pervasive phenomenon of crisis fatigue in the contemporary digital age, analyzing how relentless exposure to global crises through online platforms impacts public attention and engagement. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of extant literature, this paper delineates the psychological and physiological manifestations of crisis fatigue, distinguishing it from related constructs such as compassion fatigue. The analysis highlights how the unique characteristics of the digital ecosystem, including information overload, cognitive strain, algorithmic amplification of distressing content, and the emerging influence of artificial intelligence (AI), serve as amplifiers of this fatigue. Furthermore, the article explores the psychological mechanisms underlying public disengagement, such as desensitization, the moral repetition effect, compassion collapse, and learned helplessness. The consequences of crisis fatigue on societies are then discussed, focusing on declining public and political participation and the significant challenges posed to humanitarian aid and disaster management efforts. The central argument proposes that the continuous, high-volume, and often sensationalized delivery of crisis information online reduces individuals' capacity for sustained attention and emotional care, thereby limiting effective public and political response.

Somalia's arid and semi-arid climate makes it highly vulnerable to drought, posing serious challenges to water resource management and agricultural productivity. This study investigates pasture resilience and the spatiotemporal variability of meteorological drought in northwestern Somalia, focusing on spring and autumn rainy seasons. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was used to assess drought frequency, severity, and intensity from 1981 to 2020, while the sequential Mann-Kendall test detected significant temporal shifts. A resilience matrix was applied to quantify drought resistance and recovery capacity in pasturelands. Our analysis shows a significant increase in drought severity over the last four decades, with extreme and severe droughts occurring more frequently, particularly in the spring season. The decade from 2001 to 2010 recorded the highest occurrence of extreme droughts. Eastern Somaliland experienced more frequent and intense droughts than western areas, with a sharp decline in annual SPEI (-1.08) and a notable shift in 2002. Although moderate droughts were common, it is the rise in extreme droughts that poses the greatest risk to livelihoods and ecosystems. These findings underscore the urgent need for region-specific drought mitigation strategies, especially during the primary growing seasons in eastern Somaliland. Highlights Moderate droughts were more prevalent than other classes across research sites and seasons (65-80%). The study found a considerable rise in meteorological drought frequency, severity, and intensity during the wet seasons. From 1981 to 2020, droughts increased in both seasons across three research sites, with coefficients of variation ranging from-0.016 to-0.0.

Collaboration is essential for dealing with natural and technological hazards and disasters and the consequences of terrorism. Generally, it is accepted that all administrative agencies require a combination of transactional and transformational leaders, especially within emergency management agencies. However, conflicts arose from creating the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to impose a command and control system on a collaborative organizational culture within a collaborative sociopolitical and legal context. The significant factors are the ability and willingness to appropriately distinguish the needs and priorities of disaster management apart from civil defense needs and preferences; the selection of well-qualified disaster management leaders with a background in natural and accidental disasters; and the quality of implementation of programs including administrative execution, number and level of presidential disaster declarations, and timely presidential involvement in catastrophes. To what extent is crisis management related to emergency management, change management, and transformational leadership? How are these distinctions illustrated at a competency level? While change management is essential, it must be targeted and time-sensitive. Competencies were identified as influential leaders' important characteristics or behaviors during crises. New leadership strategies that derive their power from adequate strategies practical to the transformational power of a compelling vision rather than from hierarchy, rank, or standard operating procedures are recommended.

Over the last decade, countries have adopted or expanded the use of cell broadcast systems to support mobile public warning for natural and human-caused hazards and disasters. Cell broadcast entails sending short messages simultaneously to multiple mobile devices in a defined geographic area. Japan and the United States have pioneered the development of mobile public warning technology, yet both countries continue to experience problems with the nonuse, misuse, or misunderstanding of these systems. To explore prospects for improving this situation, this study presents thematic analyses of official documents and transcripts from four Japan-U.S. meetings and workshops with researchers, officials, and residents in the "sister cities" of Yamagata, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, and Boulder, Colorado, USA. The study's boundary spanning, cross-national findings contribute new insights regarding the appropriate level of local adaptation versus global standardization of mobile public warning theory, policy, and practice. These findings can aid officials who are increasingly relying on mobile public warning systems to help keep communities safe amid the intensifying impacts of climate change.

Objectives: This paper describes challenges and opportunities for data collection during a disaster, focusing on how young adults in the United States navigated the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic-a disaster which introduced significant uncertainty and precarity both for individuals and the research process. Methods: This paper draws on lessons from a small exploratory study which used journaling techniques as a data collection tool. Results: Journaling addressed 3 key challenges to collecting data during a public health crisis: 1) accessing respondents when preparation time and resources are limited; 2) ensuring protection for both participants and researchers in a context when human interaction is severely constrained; and 3) needing both rapid response and flexibility in research design and data collection. Conclusions: Journaling techniques are a feasible, efficient and effective tool that can be adapted and utilized in various disaster contexts, including other pandemics and extreme climate events.

Background: Personality traits significantly influence professional and occupational behaviors, allowing for the prediction of specific actions in various work-related contexts. Additionally, these traits play a crucial role in the development of self-control. This study aimed to evaluate personality traits and their association with self-control among nurses working in the emergency departments (EDs) of hospitals.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah, Western Iran, in 2022. The study sample comprised 154 nurses working in the EDs, selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the Nikmanesh Self-Control Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, ANOVA for group comparisons, and Pearson’s correlation, with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.5±6.2 years (range: 23 to 54). The findings showed that there was a significant correlation between the components of personality traits and restraint in nurses (P<0.001). Personality traits can explain restraint in nurses working in EDs. All subscales of restraint were also significantly correlated with negative personality traits, except impulsivity and risk-taking.
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that personality traits significantly influence the self-control of nurses. Notably, stronger personality traits in all dimensions, except neuroticism, are inversely related to the self-control scores of nurses. Consequently, measures should be taken to improve the performance and job quality of nurses.

This article draws from detailed qualitative case studies of three schools located in disaster prone context in Nepal. It explores the importance of governance in DRR education interventions in low-income country like Nepal. Using Robertson et al.'s [1] pluri-scalar education governance framework, this study establishes relationships between disaster governance, education governance and curriculum governance in mainstreaming disaster risk reduction (DRR) education in school curriculum. It analyses local, regional, national, and global governances to address disaster management and DRR issues in a sustainable manner. This study presents the current structures that support or hinder the disaster governance practices to mainstream DRR in education. It further indicates that the provision of disaster governance in the education sector is a newly introduced area. It finds that in the context of centralised curriculum development practices, less importance has given to the local disaster context in school curriculum. Similarly, it notices that teacher centered curriculum activities in DRR education generate limited learning experiences to students. Due to the lack of efficient DRR governance mechanisms the DRR interventions in education carried out at various levels by the state or the non-state actors are found not focused enough to address disaster vulnerability. This article concludes with what the study data explains about the need for and importance of disaster and education governance in order to ensure DRR practices are widespread in education.

Os resultados analisados durante o período de implementação do Projecto mostraram os seguintes resultados principais:

A presença da FDC-BMGF criou iniciativas empreendedoras para as mulheres fossem independentes sem que pudessem esperar que as lideranças do bairro os sustente; Um grupo de famílias tem milho suficiente para não ter que esperar outros parceiros para lhes dar comida; Houve maior harmonia entre a população de Mocímboa da praia e os outros distritos porque a FDC- BMGF fazia a questão de unir os distritos no seu processo de trabalho; As crianças já tem uma diversão e elas se socializam uma com a outra por terem o mesmo parque infantil; A população tem noção de construção de capoeira modelo para criação de galinha no sistema semi-intensivo de forma dar-nos ovos e dinheiro para o sustento e conseguiram criar e vender para comprar milho, óleo e caril para as crianças.

Conseguiu se produzir 3200 kg de milho numa área de 2 hectares e cada membro teve mais de 106,66 kg. Aprenderam técnicas de uso de fertilizantes no processo produtivo que nunca antes tinham aplicados. 

O empoderamento económico contribuiu para o sustento e gestão da crise de fome de todas as mulheres envolvidas no programa. Um dos exemplos é o caso de uma viúva com um agregado de 7 pessoas, que faz o negócio de venda de ovos. Consegue comprar produtos para comprar comida para as crianças e ate ajudar a vizinhança no período de crise. 

Foram assistidos mais de 900 membros de famílias desfavorecidas com o apoio emergencial compostos por mantas e camisolas. Os deslocados avaliaram de forma positiva visto que, o período em que estavam a atravessar era de frio e sem nenhum cobertor.

Foram beneficiados mais de 22 membros o que corresponde a duas equipas de futebol com dois pares de uniforme e mais de 5bolas. Instalado um parque infantil para a diversão de crianças de diferentes distritos o que faz com que haja harmonia e interação as futuras gerações sem que hajam guerras étnicas nos centros de reassentamentos.

Reportados 7 casos de Violência baseada no Género e que foram tratados pelo menos 2 casos no Espaço Seguro criado pela FDC-BMGF. Para alem de que, as mulheres estão consciencializadas a aderir o espaço para expor os seus problemas e aprender das outras mulheres e aprendendo outras actividades como a costura.

This study aims to analyze the disaster management strategy in Cianjur Regency following the 2022 earthquake. The research employs a literature review method using secondary data from official reports by BNPB, BPBD, as well as relevant scientific journals and publications. The findings indicate that post-disaster management strategies in Cianjur were carried out in three main phases: emergency response, rehabilitation and reconstruction, and mitigation and preparedness. While initial response efforts were swift, challenges remain in inter-agency coordination, uneven distribution of aid, limited psychosocial recovery, and lack of community involvement in recovery processes. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening a participatory disaster management system, integrating disaster risk reduction (PRB) into regional development planning, and enhancing disaster literacy to build long-term resilience.

Smart Life safety jackets have been widely used in flood rescue operations for many years. However, most of these jackets are outdated and lack integration with modern technology. Due to this, rescuers often encounter several operational challenges. Therefore, the implementation of advanced technology in the design of life safety jackets has been considered necessary for improving disaster response efficiency. The primary objective of this study is to develop a bright life safety jacket that incorporates modern technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks, GPS, and oxygen level monitoring. Real-time condition tracking, including rescue time, has also been set as a significant focus of this research. A design-based methodology has been adopted to integrate multiple advanced technologies into the bright jacket. Key components include IoT modules, sensors, GPS, wireless communication networks, and user interaction systems. Various technical and usability aspects have been explored through literature reviews and feasibility studies conducted during different stages of the research. Through this study, a bright life safety jacket has been proposed that is equipped with modern features intended to enhance rescue operations. Key functionalities, including GPS tracking, oxygen level detection, wireless sensor networks, and real-time communication through IoT platforms, have been incorporated to enhance coordination between rescuers and control rooms. The proposed clever life safety jacket design offers several advantages, including enhanced situational awareness and reduced risk of injury. By using modern sensor and cloud technologies, the safety and efficiency of both rescuers and victims during flood emergencies are expected to be significantly enhanced.

Smart Life safety jackets have been widely used in flood rescue operations for many years. However, most of these jackets are outdated and lack integration with modern technology. Due to this, rescuers often encounter several operational challenges. Therefore, the implementation of advanced technology in the design of life safety jackets has been considered necessary for improving disaster response efficiency. The primary objective of this study is to develop a bright life safety jacket that incorporates modern technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks, GPS, and oxygen level monitoring. Real-time condition tracking, including rescue time, has also been set as a significant focus of this research. A design-based methodology has been adopted to integrate multiple advanced technologies into the bright jacket. Key components include IoT modules, sensors, GPS, wireless communication networks, and user interaction systems. Various technical and usability aspects have been explored through literature reviews and feasibility studies conducted during different stages of the research. Through this study, a bright life safety jacket has been proposed that is equipped with modern features intended to enhance rescue operations. Key functionalities, including GPS tracking, oxygen level detection, wireless sensor networks, and real-time communication through IoT platforms, have been incorporated to enhance coordination between rescuers and control rooms. The proposed clever life safety jacket design offers several advantages, including enhanced situational awareness and reduced risk of injury. By using modern sensor and cloud technologies, the safety and efficiency of both rescuers and victims during flood emergencies are expected to be significantly enhanced.

The paper proposes an approach for defining a generative modelling process of complex objects and their sharing. The case study is the Stronghold of Arquata del Tronto, a monument of extraordinary historical, cultural and landscape value, damaged by the earthquake in 2016. The first step has been data acquisition on a geometrical level, through laser scanner and UAV photogrammetry, and on a historical level, through archival research to understand construction phases and transformations. The Stronghold was probably built between the 11 and the 12th century on a hill to control the territory. It underwent several transformations and neglection phases over the centuries. The second phase has been the generative modelling following the scan-to-BIM approach. The three-dimensional model is intended to support the design phases, from preliminary analysis to the construction site. For this reason, the Stronghold has been modelled with different Grade of Generation (GOG). The study of the eastern curtain wall, where the signs suffered by the structure due to the earthquake are most evident, was deepened through a Building Archaeology preliminary analysis. The third phase aimed at orienting the HBIM towards three digital information-sharing solutions such as Common Data Environment (CDE), and Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance the cultural and historical values, supporting the reopening of the Stronghold as a venue for conferences and exhibitions.

As emergencies and disasters continue to strain public health systems globally, integrating psychosocial support into national response frameworks has emerged as a critical, though often overlooked, priority. This study examines the role of the Red Cross of Serbia in delivering Psychosocial First Aid (PFA), highlighting it as a vital yet underrepresented component within the broader scope of emergency response. Grounded in a theoretical framework, the paper outlines the core principles of PFA, its significance during crises, and the psychosocial impact of disasters on individuals and communities. It further explores the relationship between mental health and community resilience, underscoring the importance of mental recovery in disaster contexts. Utilising a qualitative approach, the study draws on an expert interview with a representative of the Red Cross of Serbia to investigate the current state of PFA implementation. Particular attention is given to institutional integration, training protocols, and prevailing public perceptions of psychosocial support. The findings reveal a significant disparity between the established provision of medical first aid and the marginal status of psychosocial assistance. Key barriers identified include insufficient institutional acknowledgement, a lack of structured and standardised training programs, and limited awareness of PFA as a distinct and necessary intervention. Despite these challenges, the Red Cross of Serbia has initiated several promising efforts—such as developing educational materials, training volunteers, and establishing internal support mechanisms—which provide a solid foundation for future advancement. This paper argues for the systematic inclusion of psychosocial support in emergency management strategies. It emphasises the need for coordinated, evidence-informed, and person-centred approaches to fostering health and resilience in disaster-affected communities.

This article explores the intricate relationship between conflict and emergency response. It emphasizes the need for understanding the nexus between these two challenges and the pivotal role of conflict analysis in effective humanitarian efforts. This article highlights real-world examples and the importance of conflict-sensitive approaches while addressing the challenges and ethical dilemmas in conflict-affected emergency response. It concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving coordination and strengthening conflict analysis capacities to provide more effective and safer assistance in complex crisis situations.

Smart Life safety jackets have been widely used in flood rescue operations for many years. However, most of these jackets are outdated and lack integration with modern technology. Due to this, rescuers often encounter several operational challenges. Therefore, the implementation of advanced technology in the design of life safety jackets has been considered necessary for improving disaster response efficiency. The primary objective of this study is to develop a bright life safety jacket that incorporates modern technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks, GPS, and oxygen level monitoring. Real-time condition tracking, including rescue time, has also been set as a significant focus of this research. A design-based methodology has been adopted to integrate multiple advanced technologies into the bright jacket. Key components include IoT modules, sensors, GPS, wireless communication networks, and user interaction systems. Various technical and usability aspects have been explored through literature reviews and feasibility studies conducted during different stages of the research. Through this study, a bright life safety jacket has been proposed that is equipped with modern features intended to enhance rescue operations. Key functionalities, including GPS tracking, oxygen level detection, wireless sensor networks, and real-time communication through IoT platforms, have been incorporated to enhance coordination between rescuers and control rooms. The proposed clever life safety jacket design offers several advantages, including enhanced situational awareness and reduced risk of injury. By using modern sensor and cloud technologies, the safety and efficiency of both rescuers and victims during flood emergencies are expected to be significantly enhanced.

This study aims to examine the role of mass media in building public awareness regarding disaster mitigation in flood-prone areas. Mass media, both print and digital, function as effective means of education and crisis communication in conveying mitigation information before, during, and after a flood disaster. Through analysis of news content and social media content, it was found that mass media is able to increase public understanding and preparedness for flood risks by presenting fast, accurate, and interesting information. However, challenges such as the risk of disinformation and limited reach still need to be overcome through collaboration between the media, government, and related institutions. The results of the study confirm that mass media has a strategic role in building collective awareness and encouraging active community participation in flood disaster mitigation, so that it is expected to significantly reduce the negative impact of disasters in flood-prone areas.

Exploring Global Travel Insurance Plans, Emergency Assistance, and Health Coverage While Abroad's aim is to provide specific yet concise information regarding travel insurance as well as travel-related experiences. Regular health insurance often does not cover overseas emergencies and travel insurance should pick up this responsibility. Travel insurance is a significant investment for anyone traveling abroad, especially for residents of the United States. Because U.S. travel insurance is a useless investment for domestic travel, Americans usually have never needed to look into a travel insurance policy. However, most regular domestic insurance policies stop just before your overseas trip and refuse to pay for any emergency-related expenses while you're abroad. For most Americans, that can mean the difference between receiving treatment at a cushy local vacation hospital or dying from a ruptured appendix miles from medical assistance. However, travel insurance is more than just medical coverage; it is also a peace of mind investment. Your travel insurance policy can be your best friend while giving resources your local friends can't offer when things go wrong (

As emergencies and disasters continue to strain public health systems globally, integrating psychosocial support into national response frameworks has emerged as a critical, though often overlooked, priority. This study examines the role of the Red Cross of Serbia in delivering Psychosocial First Aid (PFA), highlighting it as a vital yet underrepresented component within the broader scope of emergency response. Grounded in a theoretical framework, the paper outlines the core principles of PFA, its significance during crises, and the psychosocial impact of disasters on individuals and communities. It further explores the relationship between mental health and community resilience, underscoring the importance of mental recovery in disaster contexts. Utilising a qualitative approach, the study draws on an expert interview with a representative of the Red Cross of Serbia to investigate the current state of PFA implementation. Particular attention is given to institutional integration, training protocols, and prevailing public perceptions of psychosocial support. The findings reveal a significant disparity between the established provision of medical first aid and the marginal status of psychosocial assistance. Key barriers identified include insufficient institutional acknowledgement, a lack of structured and standardised training programs, and limited awareness of PFA as a distinct and necessary intervention. Despite these challenges, the Red Cross of Serbia has initiated several promising efforts—such as developing educational materials, training volunteers, and establishing internal support mechanisms—which provide a solid foundation for future advancement. This paper argues for the systematic inclusion of psychosocial support in emergency management strategies. It emphasises the need for coordinated, evidence-informed, and person-centred approaches to fostering health and resilience in disaster-affected communities.

The Enhancing Resilient Communities (ERC) Flagship Initiative (FI) in the Philippines is a proactive approach to resilience-building, focusing on engaging with affected populations and local capacities. The initiative aims to develop an inclusive humanitarian response system that works with and for affected people. It focuses on delivering what they need in the way they need it and reducing risks and vulnerabilities, especially for women, girls, and other communities at risk. The EU-ERC Technical Assistance Team (EU TAT) is a continuation of the EU Global Facility for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC Facility) support for an initial scoping exercise on disaster risk reduction and short-term technical assistance (TA) support for the initial stages of the UN’s ERC FI Piloting.

The EU-ERC TAT's overarching objective is to contribute to the implementation of a more coherent, impactful, and strategic approach to disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the Philippines, including climate change adaptation, by increasing the ability of international and domestic DRRM, climate and development institutions, and instruments to work together in complementary and reinforcing ways for enhancing community resilience.

Resilience is the capacity of an element at risk to survive and recover from hazards in a timely and efficient manner. To ensure resilience, it is essential to transform to have increasing access to basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, opportunities for livelihood, health and well-being, healthy and sustainable ecosystem services, equitable, effective and efficient community systems and structures in place, an enabling policy environment, and global platforms like treaties and agreements.

Community empowerment is essential for developing sustainable solutions that meet specific needs and challenges. Community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) is a community-based approach to disaster risk reduction, supported by policies like the Local Government Code of 1991 and the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.

Resilient communities tackle the root causes of disaster risk, preventing hazards from turning into disasters. External agencies should align their processes with the community's and play a critical role in assisting community members and leaders in understanding disaster risk, enhancing adaptive capacities, and developing resilience.

In local governance, communities should be involved in decision-making to enhance effective disaster risk reduction and emergency response. Differentiated risk data, categorised by age and gender, can be used to create development, investment, and contingency plans. This empowers all individuals in the system to collaborate in reducing risks and enhancing overall resilience.

The Framework for Developing Participatory Resilient Programs and Projects provides guidance to the government, community, and catalysts on the steps needed to achieve the output, outcome, and impact of disaster risk reduction implementation. Action opportunities and entry points include integrating differential risk data across various government systems, nationwide capacity building improvement, and enhancing technical skills and knowledge on community resilience and local development planning.

Il Giornale dell'Architettura» è un marchio registrato e concesso in licenza da Umberto Allemandi & C. S.p.A. all'associazione culturale The Architectural Post; ilgiornaledellarchitettura.com è un Domain Name registrato e concesso in licenza da Umberto Allemandi & C. S.p.A. a The Architectural Post, nuovo editore della testata digitale, derivata e di proprietà di «Il Giornale dell'Architettura» fondato nell'anno 2002 dalla casa editrice Umberto Allemandi & C. S.p.A.

language and translation practices shaped by globalization and legal regulations such as the Bosman Rules. The findings reveal that football translation in Turkey has developed differently compared to Europe, demonstrating that translators act not only as linguistic but also as cultural and social bridges.

Genderism posits that there are only two genders, that a person’s gender is fixed at birth, and that masculinity and feminity have culturally approved roles in their society. In Igboland and in Old Aguata Local Government, in particular, gender binarism determines everyday lives, making ,the status of a woman is lesser than that of a man. This study examines a corpus of beliefs, proverbs, and music (music being its major focus as an intangible cultural practice/heritage), which denigrates and attacks women. Because female denigration is orchestrated by men to assert their superiority, it is argued there is a need for cultural re-engineering and recommended that harmful practices against women should be abolished..
Keywords: Genderism, cultural practice, Igboland, traditional music; womanhood.

This study investigates the early warning and response system as well as the management of disaster risks in Nigeria. Through secondary data, it highlights Nigeria's increasing vulnerability to a variety of natural and anthropogenic disasters, including floods, droughts, and conflicts, which pose significant dangers to the country's socio-economic development. This reinforces the significance of implementing efficient Disaster Risk Management (DRM) techniques, which involve strong early warning and response systems to minimize the consequences of such disasters. The study also examines the obstacles encountered in the implementation of these systems, including insufficient infrastructure, poor funding, and deficiencies in coordination among different parties. The study concludes by suggesting ways to enhance Nigeria's DRM framework, highlighting the importance of a multi-sectoral approach, community involvement, and international collaboration.

Veterinary Disaster Medicine (VDM) is a multidisciplinary and rapidly evolving field that focuses on the prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery of animals-domestic, wildlife, and livestock-during disasters and emergencies. It operates at the intersection of veterinary science, emergency management, public health, and civil protection. Its ultimate goal is to mitigate animal suffering, control the spread of zoonotic diseases, preserve animal-based livelihoods, and contribute to the resilience of communities by ensuring that animals, as integral components of ecosystems and households, are not overlooked in disaster response strategies. In parallel with human disaster medicine, VDM is framed within the Disaster Management Cycle, comprising four interdependent phases: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. These phases form a continuous loop, allowing communities and institutions to improve resilience and reduce vulnerability over time. Below is a detailed exploration of how VDM integrates into each phase of this cycle: 1. Mitigation Definition: Mitigation encompasses all activities aimed at reducing the impact and risks associated with disasters. It involves proactive measures to prevent hazards from becoming disasters or to lessen their effects.

Doğa kaynaklı tehlikelerden biri olan depremler sonucunda, toplumun tehlikeyle baş etme kapasitesine bağlı olarak Türkiye'de ve tüm dünyada birçok farklı boyutta kayıplar yaşanmaktadır. Ancak doğru şekilde ortaya konan afet risk yönetimi anlayışıyla deprem tehlikesine bağlı olarak meydana gelebilecek olası afetlerin engellenebildiği görülmektedir. Bireysel hazırlık davranışlarının gerçekleştirilmesi de afet risk yönetimi sürecinin bir parçasıdır. Bu doğrultuda mevcut çalışmanın amacı; Planlı Davranış Kuramı (PDK) çerçevesinde depreme hazırlık davranışlarına yönelik tutum ve inançları ölçen bir ölçüm aracının geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda dokuz maddeden oluşan ölçeğin madde analizi (MA) ve açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) yürütülmüş; AFA sonucu elde edilen faktör yapısı, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak yürütülen doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle (DFA) farklı bir örneklemde test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasının örneklemi Türkiye'nin farklı illerinde ikamet eden 152 yetişkin katılımcıdan; ikinci aşamanın örneklemi ise İstanbul'da ikamet eden 577 yetişkin katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında yürütülen analizlerin bulgularına göre, tutumlar, öznel normlar, algılanan davranışsal kontrol ve niyet faktörleri toplam varyansın %75'ini açıklarken ölçeğin tamamının Cronbach'ın Alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı 0.77 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında yürütülen DFA'da ise TLI ve RMSEA değerinin kabul edilebilir uyum aralığında olduğu, SRMR ve CFI değerlerinin ise iyi uyum aralığında olduğu görülmektedir. DFA bulguları, beklenen model ile gözlenen modelin uyumlu olduğu yönünde değerlendirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen MA, AFA ve DFA sonucunda, planlı davranış kuramı temel alınarak geliştirilen Depreme Hazırlık Tutum ve İnançları Ölçeği'nin depreme hazırlık davranışlarına yönelik tutum ve inançların ölçümünde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Fatigue is considered a psychological or mental fatigue type characterized by subjective feelings of a disinclination to continue driving, drowsiness, fatigue, and deduction motivation. Bus drivers in Malaysia have been facing physical fatigue from driving for many years. Therefore, investigating the psychophysiological factor that related to fatigue could improve understanding and management for fatigue in the transport industry. Physical factors are divided by two parts that is upper and lower body. The objective of this study is to identify the cause, determine the level and analyze the physical fatigue on bus driver. There were two methods applied in this study, which were Modified Nordic Questionnaires that represent subjective measurement and surface Electromyography (sEMG) the objective measurement. Results from sEMG showed neck and upper back muscle groups leads to fatigue as the muscle is running out of energy based from the graph. Through the sEMG data, it can determine th...

Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including sea level rise (SLR), accelerated coastal erosion, and more extreme rainfall. The City of Cedar Key, Florida, USA is a small municipality with particularly high exposure to climate hazards. Cedar Key is situated on the open Gulf of Mexico coast in a region with the 4th fastest SLR acceleration rate in the nation. Cedar Key is experiencing rapid shoreline erosion rates and stormwater infrastructure is increasingly inundated with salt water. These hazards challenge some low-lying neighborhoods that are important to coastal and inland residents (e.g., aquaculture workforce, lower-income visitors, and shore-based anglers), small business owners, and residents of public housing. Local leaders are aware of the need to act and know that this diverse cross section of community members must be continually engaged to ensure an equitable shoreline and stormwater management solution is achieved. To this end, our interdisciplinary team partnered with Cedar Key on a National Academies Gulf Research Program planning grant titled Cedar Key ShOREs (Shoreline Options for Resilience and Equity). The project involved a series of engagement strategies aimed at 1) collecting baseline opinions, 2) educating community members about climate risks they face and the options available to reduce risks, 3) building consensus around nature-based solution (NBS) options to apply locally, and 4) creating opportunities for community feedback to be heard throughout the process. We conducted an intercept survey to explore how residents of Cedar Key/Levy County and visitors perceived the town, the hazards related to SLR and stormwater, and their perception of different NBS. Survey responses (n=179) demonstrated environmentally aligned attitudes and a clear desire to protect shoreline and low-lying areas. Participants supported and trusted science-based solutions and wanted to learn more about NBS. We incorporated these insights into a facilitated series of co-design workshops that resulted in community vetted conceptual designs for a comprehensive, nature-based watershed project that features green stormwater infrastructure and a large-scale living shoreline. We also collected “Shore Stories” from participants at the final workshop. These stories spoke to the very human reasons behind why addressing climate risks using NBS is important to community members. In addition, we conducted interviews with twelve households to discuss in depth the storm-water solutions they would like to see on and around their properties. The City has implemented some of the immediately actionable options using local funds, and our team is pursuing funds for design and implementation of the conceptual plan.

This report focuses on survey findings assessing the mental health impacts of Ohio's 2024 tornadoes on low-income adults in Franklin County. A total of 521 participants completed surveys measuring levels of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and perceptions of disaster risk. Results showed that individuals who experienced high tornado impact reported significantly higher levels of psychological distress compared to those less affected. Financial strain and limited access to mental health care further worsened outcomes. Additionally, participants with greater exposure to the disaster perceived a higher likelihood of future severe weather events, underscoring the mental burden of living with increased disaster risk. These findings highlight the importance of targeted mental health interventions and policies that address both the psychological and socioeconomic needs of disaster-impacted populations. They also underscore the need for equitable access to support systems that can help mitigate long-term mental health consequences.

This research study describes the mental health impacts of Ohio's 2024 tornadoes, with a focus on how the disaster heightened anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among people with socioeconomic disadvantages in Franklin County, Ohio. The study also investigated how the tornadoes exacerbated mental health challenges in vulnerable communities and explored the coping mechanisms and resources that community members employed post-disaster. We used a mixed-methods approach, including surveys (N=521) and interviews (N=20) of adults from low-income households in Franklin County. Surveys provided quantitative measures of mental health conditions (i.e., anxiety, depression, and PTSD levels) and risk perceptions, while interviews offered qualitative perspectives on personal experiences, community challenges, and adaptive strategies. Our findings revealed significant disparities in mental health outcomes between participants who were highly impacted by severe weather in 2024 and those with low levels of impact. Highly impacted individuals reported elevated stress, which was compounded by financial strain and inadequate access to mental health resources. They also had significantly higher perceptions of risk severity and likelihood of future severe weather events. The qualitative analysis highlighted themes of community isolation, reliance on family and social ties, and mixed perceptions of local emergency communication. These results suggest that targeted mental health support, improved disaster preparedness programs, and culturally sensitive risk communication are essential to reducing vulnerability in these communities.

Coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, including sea level rise (SLR), accelerated coastal erosion, and more extreme rainfall. The City of Cedar Key, Florida, USA, is a small municipality with particularly high exposure to climate hazards. Cedar Key is situated on the open Gulf of Mexico coast in a region with the 4th fastest SLR acceleration rate in the nation. Cedar Key is experiencing rapid shoreline erosion rates, and stormwater infrastructure is increasingly inundated with salt water. These hazards challenge low-lying neighborhoods that are important to coastal and inland residents (e.g., aquaculture workforce, lower-income visitors, and shore-based anglers), small business owners, and residents of public housing. Local leaders are aware of the need to act and know that this diverse cross-section of community members must be continually engaged. To this end, our interdisciplinary (Agricultural, Biological, and Geomatics Sciences; Built Environment Resilience; Geo and Stormwater Solutions; Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences; Landscape Architecture; Construction Management; Civil and Coastal Engineering) team partnered with Cedar Key on a National Academies Gulf Research Program planning grant titled Cedar Key ShOREs (Shoreline Options for Resilience and Equity), followed by Phase 2 funding for a detailed design process (ongoing). The project involved a series of engagement strategies aimed at 1) collecting baseline opinions, 2) educating community members about climate risks they face and the options available to reduce risks, 3) building consensus around nature-based solution (NBS) options to apply locally, and 4) creating opportunities for community feedback to be heard throughout the process. We adopted a mixed-method approach for the data collection and analysis, including a survey, interviews, and workshops. Our team was divided into three main subteams; Shoreline team, Stormwater team, and Community Engagement team. All three subteams worked closely with community members and the government in the City of Cedar Key. In Phase 1, community workshops enabled the team to test out different conceptual

Literature regarding risk perception has been growing; however, there is generally a paucity of research on how risk perception is shaped in a disaster context, and there is even less research on how housing conditions influence risk perception in the context of severe weather hazards. The few disaster studies that looked into housing conditions mainly focused on one type of housing, such as mobile homes or manufactured housing, and considered a small range of housing characteristics, mostly represented by housing size, age, and location. To our knowledge, no studies have yet been conducted to explore indepth the relationship between housing conditions and risk perception, and how that relationship influences hurricane and flooding evacuation decisions. Correspondingly, this study aims to fill this research gap by answering the following question: "How can housing conditions influence people's hurricane and flooding evacuation intentions?" Evacuation planning in Florida is a crucial component of disaster preparedness, especially in light of the frequent hurricanes and flooding that affect the state. The significance of evacuation is highlighted by the fact that every county in Florida faces the potential impact of hurricanes and flooding. A quantitative approach was utilized in this study, involving a questionnaire filled by participants in five cities in Florida (Miami, Tallahassee, Jacksonville, Gainesville, and Ocala). The questionnaire was initially constructed based on the review of critical literature. To ensure the questionnaire addresses the study's aim, five professors from the University of Florida and three external scholars from various research backgrounds (human behavior, disaster studies, construction management, and interior design) participated in Subject Matter Expert's Validation and Questionnaire Face Validity. The pretesting was conducted on eleven participants, while the pilot-testing was conducted on 42 participants. To ensure an adequate sample size, a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of 5 were taken into consideration in determining the sample size. Using Excel, DataTab, and SPSS software package, different statistical approaches were used to uncover patterns and quantify variables in a way that can quantify behaviors and attitudes. The Cronbach's Alpha (CA) and Split Half Reliability (SHR) tests were used here to check internal consistency for the responses gathered. The

Despite the challenges posed by the recent pandemic, educational institutions were prompted to explore alternative operation modes to enhance teaching, learning, and service delivery through technology. However, effective implementation of these technology-aided modes in post-emergency contexts necessitates evidencebased practices and contextual insights into stakeholders' challenges, comfortability, and preferences. This study aims to support the efficient planning and execution of digital transformation within a university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by examining stakeholders' comfortability, challenges, and preferences following the pandemic's impact. The novelty of this research lies in its use of artificial intelligence, specifically fuzzy logic, to predict stakeholder preferences, complemented by comprehensive stakeholder-centric analysis and an indepth examination of demographic influences on digital transformation preferences. Additionally, the study provides unique regional insights within the UAE context, addressing cultural, economic, and technological factors underrepresented in international literature. Utilizing a survey method, data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and AI-driven predictive analytics. Findings indicate that institutional support and familiarity with online platforms reduced stress during the transition to technology-aided modes, with a strong preference for hybrid flexible models influenced significantly by demographic factors. This study contributes by demonstrating the enhanced predictive capabilities of AI in understanding stakeholder needs, offering tailored digital transformation strategies, highlighting the importance of demographic considerations, and providing a practical roadmap for building a sustainable and resilient digital ecosystem. Furthermore, it informs educational policy and governance, ensuring that technology-aided operations are effectively planned and implemented to meet the evolving needs of the academic community in post-emergency settings.

In March 2025, South Korea faced its most devastating wildfires on record, with over 20 separate blazes erupting simultaneously across the nation. These infernos claimed at least 32 lives, including three firefighters and one government employee, and displaced more than 37,000 individuals. The fires scorched approximately 48,000 hectares of land, marking them as the largest and deadliest in the country's history. These catastrophic events are not isolated incidents but are symptomatic of a global pattern where corporate greed and neoliberal policies exacerbate environmental degradation. The relentless pursuit of profit has led to extensive deforestation, fossil fuel exploitation, and industrial auctivities that significantly contribute to climate change. This unbridled capitalism prioritizes short-term financial gains over the long-term health of our planet, resulting in increased greenhouse gas emissions and a heightened frequency of extreme weather events, including wildfires.

Purpose The purpose of this life cycle assessment (LCA) study was to determine the life cycle impacts for production and distribution of a humanitarian supply item under various supply chain paradigms in order to illustrate the potential environmental benefits of organizing production and supply operations for these items in novel ways. To do this a case study is used on a family-size water storage and dispensing bucket, such as the 14L-capacity polyethylene (PE) bucket commonly produced by Oxfam International. Methods The LCA is cradle-to-gate including production and transportation of PE plastic feedstock, fabrication of the water bucket, and transportation of the bucket to a common distribution site representative of a humanitarian aid location. Three different humanitarian aid locations are used to illustrate the range of potential impacts for each processing and supply system: Nepal, South Sudan, and Peru. Six processing and supply scenarios were investigated: 1) centralized Ox...