Data Life Cycle

Data quality is a research area strongly investigated during the 90's. However, few companies in Argentina apply data quality methodologies or tools during the analysis, design or implementation phases of software development process. Developers generally use techniques to design systems such as UML without considering mechanisms for future data quality problems. In this work we propose a methodology in which the data quality is an essential part of the whole software development process. Early design decisions on data quality strongly impact on the system. Our methodology defines a set of practices to be applied on the software life cycle. In addition these practices act as a means to evaluate if systems already running fulfill with minimal data quality requirements.

Ever since the advent of the social science data archive movement, the work to reduce fi nancial, technical, legal and administrative barriers between users and data resources has been a recurring theme, indeed a driving force behind the development of many of these institutions. Deploying a data life cycle approach, this article is an attempt to illustrate how the endeavour to reduce these barriers is tackled in the context of the biannual European Social Survey (ESS). The authors argue that the ESS' organisational structure, in which the Central Coordinating Team constitutes the backbone, is an important factor in overcoming barriers previously caused by lack of standardisation and harmonisation in cross-national surveys of this kind. Moreover, the introduction of cutting-edge data access arrangements, has lowered the legal and institutional barriers between ESS data producers and users substantially. This includes giving users without access to more sophisticated statistical packages the opportunity to browse and analyse data through the online data distribution tool Nesstar. However, the authors also suggest that the cumulative nature of surveys such as the ESS, poses a counterforce to the process of reducing barriers, challenging the data archives to seek new ways of improving the structure and design of their main dissemination channels. The authors are all involved in the ESS at the Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD). NSD is one of the seven scientifi c partners in the project and has served as data archive for the ESS since its inception.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar, na fase de recuperação, atributos disponíveis nos momentos em que se realiza pesquisas por conjuntos de dados em repositórios governamentais, a partir do modelo de Ciclo de Vida de Dados para a Ciência da Informação (CVD-CI) proposto por Sant'Ana (2013). A pesquisa fora delimitada a realização de buscas por conjuntos de dados através do mecanismo oferecido pelo sítio Portal Brasileiro de Dados Abertos, utilizando os termos 'Educação' e 'Saúde'. O uso do termo 'Saúde' resultou na recuperação de 14 conjunto de dados e o termo 'Educação' recuperou 23, totalizando 37 conjuntos de dados. A análise destes conjuntos de dados dividiu-se em duas etapas: na primeira foram identificados quais atributos estavam disponíveis na página contendo o resultado das buscas a partir termos utilizados. A segunda etapa consistiu em identificar os atributos disponíveis nas páginas referentes a cada um dos conjuntos de dados recuperados na busca. Como resultado, fora construído dois quadros: o primeiro identifica os atributos que estão disponíveis nas páginas com resultados da pesquisa pelo mecanismo de busca do site; o segundo, identifica os atributos disponíveis em cada conjunto de dados recuperado pela pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram que na primeira etapa, não há diferença nos atributos disponíveis nos resultados de busca por ambos os termos. Entretanto, na segunda etapa houve discrepâncias nos atributos identificados em cada conjunto de dados.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá tématem zpracování elektrofyziologických dat. První část práce se zaměřuje na~seznámení se základy elektroencefalografie, centrální nervové soustavy, evokovaných potenciálů a jednotlivých složek EEG signálu. Druhá část práce je věnována problematice životního cyklu dat. Podrobněji se zabývá teorií oblasti návrhu experimentu, sběru, zpracování, uchovávání a publikování elektrofyziologických dat. Cílem této práce je usnadnění návrhu a realizace budoucích experimentů a~poskytnutí podkladů a doporučení pro práci s naměřenými elektrofyziologickými daty.ObhájenoThis bachelor thesis deals with electrophysiological data processing. The first part focuses on introducing the technique electroencephalography, central nervous system, event-related potentials. The second part of the thesis describes a life cycle of electorphysiological data - experimental design, acquisition, storage, processing and publishing of electorphysiological data. The goal of this thesis ...

Rice production can be carried out using a wide set of cultivation techniques. Different land preparation, crop establishment, crop care, harvesting, and straw management techniques lead to different environmental impacts. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a reliable tool for assessing the environmental load of agricultural processes and can be used to compute or simulate energy balance and environmental impact categories such as climate change, ozone depletion, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, and marine eutrophication. This chapter comprises the following sections: (1) LCA overview and application in agriculture, (2) case studies of LCA to identify the best rice straw management practices, and (3) summary and suggestions for further applications.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar, na fase de recuperação, atributos disponíveis nos momentos em que se realiza pesquisas por conjuntos de dados em repositórios governamentais, a partir do modelo de Ciclo de Vida de Dados para a Ciência da Informação (CVD-CI) proposto por Sant'Ana (2013). A pesquisa fora delimitada a realização de buscas por conjuntos de dados através do mecanismo oferecido pelo sítio Portal Brasileiro de Dados Abertos, utilizando os termos 'Educação' e 'Saúde'. O uso do termo 'Saúde' resultou na recuperação de 14 conjunto de dados e o termo 'Educação' recuperou 23, totalizando 37 conjuntos de dados. A análise destes conjuntos de dados dividiu-se em duas etapas: na primeira foram identificados quais atributos estavam disponíveis na página contendo o resultado das buscas a partir termos utilizados. A segunda etapa consistiu em identificar os atributos disponíveis nas páginas referentes a cada um dos conjuntos de dados recuperados na busca. Como resultado, fora construído dois quadros: o primeiro identifica os atributos que estão disponíveis nas páginas com resultados da pesquisa pelo mecanismo de busca do site; o segundo, identifica os atributos disponíveis em cada conjunto de dados recuperado pela pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram que na primeira etapa, não há diferença nos atributos disponíveis nos resultados de busca por ambos os termos. Entretanto, na segunda etapa houve discrepâncias nos atributos identificados em cada conjunto de dados.

An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) provides information on a product's environmental performance along its life cycle. This paper aims to contribute to the development of Product Category Rules (PCR) specific for ceramic bricks in order to support the establishment of a "cradle to grave" EPD. The methodology for developing the PCR takes into account ISO 14025, ISO 21930 and EN 15804, and the environmental profile is based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. In this context, some core issues like product category definition, impact categories, indicators, cutoff criteria and allocation criteria are addressed. The selected impact categories for this study were: global warming, ozone layer depletion, photochemical oxidation, acidification, eutrophication, depletion of abiotic resources and respiratory inorganics. Indicators of energy and water consumption were also considered, as well as particle emissions to air. The results obtained from an LCA study on ceramic bricks produced in Portugal, to support the development of the PCR, show that the use of different fuels in the brick manufacturing stage has a significant effect in some impact categories. The use of petroleum coke generates higher impacts than natural gas or biomass. In general, the major environmental impacts occur in the brick manufacturing stage, mainly due to fuel usage in the firing operation. Particle emissions to air should be considered as an additional parameter in the EPD, being especially important when solid fuels are used. A sensitivity analysis of the cutoff criteria options was also conducted, which concluded that a 0.5% decrease in mass proved to be adequate for adoption, with a significant reduction in the effort required for data collection.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar, na fase de recuperação, atributos disponíveis nos momentos em que se realiza pesquisas por conjuntos de dados em repositórios governamentais, a partir do modelo de Ciclo de Vida de Dados para a Ciência da Informação (CVD-CI) proposto por Sant'Ana (2013). A pesquisa fora delimitada a realização de buscas por conjuntos de dados através do mecanismo oferecido pelo sítio Portal Brasileiro de Dados Abertos, utilizando os termos 'Educação' e 'Saúde'. O uso do termo 'Saúde' resultou na recuperação de 14 conjunto de dados e o termo 'Educação' recuperou 23, totalizando 37 conjuntos de dados. A análise destes conjuntos de dados dividiu-se em duas etapas: na primeira foram identificados quais atributos estavam disponíveis na página contendo o resultado das buscas a partir termos utilizados. A segunda etapa consistiu em identificar os atributos disponíveis nas páginas referentes a cada um dos conjuntos de dados recuperados na busca. Como resultado, fora construído dois quadros: o primeiro identifica os atributos que estão disponíveis nas páginas com resultados da pesquisa pelo mecanismo de busca do site; o segundo, identifica os atributos disponíveis em cada conjunto de dados recuperado pela pesquisa. Os resultados demonstraram que na primeira etapa, não há diferença nos atributos disponíveis nos resultados de busca por ambos os termos. Entretanto, na segunda etapa houve discrepâncias nos atributos identificados em cada conjunto de dados.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a solid tool to assess the potential environmental impacts in construction industry, an important material in this industry is the brick, along time several traditional and alternative bricks were developed and assessed environmentally by LCA. The purpose of this article is to review the literature related to LCA of bricks, responding important topics to characterize and guide future studies. Out of Traditional Bricks (TB), there are Alternative Bricks with Organic (ABO) and Inorganic (ABI) additives, that use wastes from several industries and differ of TB in the omission of firing for a stabilization process, however, to omit firing is hard and stabilization still needs further improvements. The principal system boundaries and tools for LCA were also reviewed. Regarding the most present impact categories, they were: Climate change (CC), Human Toxicity (HT) and Freshwater Ecotoxicity (FE), in every category, production is the stage of highest impact, and in the productive process, drying and burning processes have the highest potential impacts. Future searches could continue to study on new materials (wastes) for development of new ABO and ABI, to quantify the benefits of reusing wastes, and to study, either the replacement of firing with stabilizing processes, or the use of biomass as fuel source in firing, and to develop studies in different countries to create national datasets that will make future studies more representative. development, production and responsible consumption (de Carvalho Araújo et al., 2019). Among the building materials, bricks are one of the most employed and oldest, counting more than seven thousand years of use (Murmu and Patel, 2018). Traditional bricks are very resistant and durable, because of the mineralogical composition of clay (Correia et al., 2005) and their excellent physical, mechanical and thermal properties (Ukwatta and Mohajerani, 2017). Moreover, bricks are resistant to adverse weather conditions, tensile and compression strength (El-Midany and Mahmoud, 2015), they can be used for different purposes, like in refractory (An et al., 2018), pavement or permeable structures (Yuan et al., 2018), out of their conventional use in wall construction. Despite their many benefits, traditional clay bricks, throughout their life-cycle (Fig. 1), require non-renewable raw materials (Correia et al., 2005), high temperatures to be produced and, thus, large quantities of energy (Galan-Marin et al., 2016), emitting greenhouse gases guilty of global warming (Huang et al., 2019), and, at their end-of-life, brick wastes are disposed in landfills, polluting the soil (Erduran et al., 2019). Following the trends of developing more sustainable building

O volume de dados gerados nas últimas décadas tem proporcionado mudanças significativas na forma de como os dados são recuperados e utilizados por usuários de sistemas informatizados. Nessa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa tem como proposta uma abordagem prática acerca da autonomia do usuário na construção de visualizações gráficas utilizando o software R. A metodologia adotada se caracteriza como pesquisa exploratória, uma vez buscou reproduzir de forma gráfica um conjunto de dados disponibilizados na plataforma TerraBrasilis. Constatou-se que, o uso do R em suas funções básicas requer um nível de conhecimento considerável sobre suas principais funções, parâmetros, seus pacotes de bibliotecas, além de, conhecimento relacionado à essência dos processos que envolvem as etapas do Ciclo de Vida dos Dados como a coleta, armazenamento e recuperação dos dados.

An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) provides information on a product's environmental performance along its life cycle. This paper aims to contribute to the development of Product Category Rules (PCR) specific for ceramic bricks in order to support the establishment of a "cradle to grave" EPD. The methodology for developing the PCR takes into account ISO 14025, ISO 21930 and EN 15804, and the environmental profile is based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. In this context, some core issues like product category definition, impact categories, indicators, cutoff criteria and allocation criteria are addressed. The selected impact categories for this study were: global warming, ozone layer depletion, photochemical oxidation, acidification, eutrophication, depletion of abiotic resources and respiratory inorganics. Indicators of energy and water consumption were also considered, as well as particle emissions to air. The results obtained from an LCA study on ceramic bricks produced in Portugal, to support the development of the PCR, show that the use of different fuels in the brick manufacturing stage has a significant effect in some impact categories. The use of petroleum coke generates higher impacts than natural gas or biomass. In general, the major environmental impacts occur in the brick manufacturing stage, mainly due to fuel usage in the firing operation. Particle emissions to air should be considered as an additional parameter in the EPD, being especially important when solid fuels are used. A sensitivity analysis of the cutoff criteria options was also conducted, which concluded that a 0.5% decrease in mass proved to be adequate for adoption, with a significant reduction in the effort required for data collection.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an internationally accepted and commonly used methodology for assessing the environmental impacts caused by the construction materials. The methodology described in the ISO 14040 standard series consists of goal and scope definition, Life Cycle Inventory Analysis (LCI), Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) and interpretation phases. While LCI is a phase where the inputs and outputs are calculated, LCIA is a phase aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and significance of the potential environmental impacts for a product system throughout the life cycle of the product. The LCA of the construction materials are different from other products because of a wide variety of materials, life cycle phases and the long service life. While the lack of environmental data and the implementation period of LCA methodology restrict the use of the methodology; definition of different goal and scopes, different limitations make difficult the comparisons of the studies. In this study, it was aimed to the promotion of the use of LCA methodology. Brick is one of the common construction materials that cause several negative environmental impacts in the production phase. Therefore, the recent studies on LCA of brick production in different countries were evaluated in terms of the problems in LCA. The problems in the use of LCA for the construction materials were identified under the sub-headings; * The problems encountered in the goal and scope definition (functional unit definition, system boundary selection), * The problems encountered in LCI (the lack of data, data quality, different data sources, local factors), * The problems encountered in LCIA (geographical aspects of environmental impacts, selection of impact assessment method and impact categories, weighting, lack of data) Finally, it was shown which gaps need to be filled for the methodology in the upcoming years. It is thought that LCA should continue to be improved as an analysis methodology which is still in development.

Commonly, the housing built in Egypt has not considered in its design process the environmental and energy aspects. The materials used to build are mostly the cheapest, and not necessarily the most appropriate to the environment and the local climate. The literature survey by the authors indicated that no studies are available on the building materials using life cycle assessment (LCA) in Egypt. Therefore, this study comes on line to partially cover this gap. The main objective of this paper is to perform an LCA of four common building materials from the Egyptian residential sector considering the first four stages of the LCA. The brick types are often built with four systems based on the following materials; Straw/Raw, Sand, clay and cement brick. Therefore, the focus in this paper is to assess the potential environmental impacts of these four types on midpoint and endpoint methods by using SimaPro software under IMAPCT 2002+ method. The assumed functional unit is one Kilogram of e...

Life cycle assessment (LCA) program developments were intended for the construction of life cycle inventory (LCI) database for refrigerators, computers, and general consumer products. But buildings are different from general consumer products for their long life span, and possess different characteristics from consumer goods. Examples of the various programs developed or commercialized for the performance of LCA are Be Cost,ECO, and LCAiT each of them special country-specific, the paper introduce a brief on each program. From aforementioned, Egypt do not have tool to estimate carbon emissions from building LCA, thus the paper sheds light on Be Cost tool to take advantage from it, furthermore to be a guide in creating ECE-LCA Tool. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to develop a tool to estimate the life cycle carbon emissions (Global Warming Potential (GWP)) of the residential building materials in Egypt.