Dairy Methane Emissions

Fossil fuels are the primary sources of energy powering economic development globally. Increased fossil fuel consumption produces Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) which build in the atmosphere and trap heat irradiated from the Earth. The increased concentration of these gases causes global warming and extensive climate disruptions. This study examined GHG emissions data from 2000-2017 to evaluate whether California will meet GHG emissions reduction target of 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 as mandated by California's Executive Order B-30-15. California's ability to reduce GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 (Executive Order S-3-05) was also evaluated. Results indicate that transportation, electric power, industrial and commercial/residential) GHG emissions reductions declined by small magnitudes in the 18-year period (0.17% to 2.49%). In agriculture, refrigerant and recycling/waste agencies, emissions reductions increased in the 18-year period (0.08% to 0.8%). For 2030 and 2050 emissions reductions targets, no emissions category sector will achieve the targeted reduction. The highest emissions reduction amounts discrepancies between observed and expected were in transportation, industrial and commercial/residential sectors (2030); and in transportation, industrial and agricultural facilities (2050). An analysis of current trends and technological developments in each emissions sector is presented to guide and structure future emissions target reductions.

Biogenic flow is the determining factor of ecological well-being of water bodies. It depends on a number of factors, such as weather conditions, soil and vegetation cover, agricultural use of the catchment area. Its simulation is possible based on a complex water quality model with parameters distribution. In this paper, we show that the model calculates the water flow with satisfactory accuracy and gives reliable values of phosphorus flow in the investigated river outlet. The influence of dryness of the year on the phosphorus flow is important and reduces dissolved phosphorus flow several times. The results of experiments with the model show a decrease of dissolved phosphorus flow subsequent to cease of fertilizing in range from 5 to 11%. The values of the surface and groundwater genetic components of phosphorus flow are comparable, while soil component amounts 65% of local phosphorus flow.

The abrupt increase of the electric vehicles in Bangladesh needs huge amount of power. As a result, alternative energy sources are emphasized due to limited fossil fuels in order to develop a sustainable energy sector with environment friendly resources. Bangladesh has an enormous potential in the field of renewable resources like biogas and biomass. This paper presents 20 kW electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) utilizing biogas resources where maximum energy requirement is 100 kWh. In this paper, the biogas based EVCS is designed using MATLAB Simulink and HOMER software. Daily 15-20 electric vehicles can be recharged their batteries using the proposed charging station.  The proposed system offers lower cost of energy compared to the grid electricity. Moreover, the proposed charging station shows 68.75% reduction in CO2 emission than grid based charging station. In addition, the proposed EVCS will save monthly $ 16.25 and $ 27.50 respectively for easy bike and auto rickshaw...

Anthropogenic climate change is wreaking havoc in California. In recent years, increases in the frequency and intensity of drought, wildfires, rising sea levels, and flooding have devastated California communities and delivered a cascade of financial consequences. Arguably, the deleterious impacts of climate change in California and elsewhere have only just begun. Aggressive greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation is critical to either reduce the effects of climate change or possibly even reverse its course.

This article deals with spatio-temporal changes in methane emission from the surface of the Mozhaisk reservoir. Seasonal changes in methane content and flux were revealed for different morphological areas of the reservoir, based on field observation data obtained in 2015-2018. In the low-flow Mozhaisk reservoir, the methane content in the boundary and bottom layers of the deep-water areas at the end of the summer stratification period may differ by three orders of magnitude. According to results from measuring with floating chambers in the сentral area of the reservoir from early June to the end of the period of direct stratification (August-September) the total methane flux increased from less than 1 to 16 mgC-СН 4 /(m 2 / hr). Time-coincident measurements with floating chambers of two types revealed characteristic values of the methane flux components and their change over the sampling period. It was found that at the period of stratification the diffusive flux predominates with the mean values 0.2 mgC-СН 4 /(m 2 /hr). A further increase in the total methane flux is associated with an increase of its bubble component. According to calculations, the diffusive flux reaches its maximum values in late summer in the shallow zone of the reservoir. It is established that a significant increase of the values of the total methane flux is observed when the upper boundary of the oxygen-free zone reaches the lower boundary of the epilimnion. The methane flux density reaches its largest values prior to destruction of the direct stratification. Comparison of field measurements with literature data showed that the magnitude of emission from reservoirs with a slow water exchange in the temperate zone can be underestimated in the evaluation of global methane emission.