Cultural Routes

Cultural and creative tourism development in cross-border regions is of growing interest within the EU as a method through which to regenerate or develop remote and rural areas. With this in mind, this report outlines the findings from eight exemplar cases from across Europe. The exemplar cases, which cover a variety of EU contexts (involved countries in brackets), are as follows:
• Hamangia (Robg–407) Restoration of unique common cultural heritage and promotion of joint tourism product "Hamangia - First Civilisation of Old Europe” (Bulgaria, Romania)
• De Groote Heide (Belgium, Netherlands)
• The Limes: Roman Heritage as Cultural Route (Belgium, Germany, Netherlands)
• Living Castles (Croatia, Slovenia)
• Share Project (Croatia, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom)
• Tourism Cross-Border (Tour-Bo) (Denmark, Germany)
• Bothnian Arc: Marine- and Northern-Based Tourism Development in Bothnian Bay (Finland, Sweden)
• Our Stories (Finland, Sweden)
These cases are illustrative of best practice while also highlighting specific challenges that can be faced during project implementation processes across communities, local economies, and policy environments in cross border areas. Data for the cases was compiled from both secondary and primary data sources, with a special focus on management and governance as well as the legacies of these projects, both among the project partners as well as at the wider cross-border regional level. Within this report, each case is individually presented with a final brief conclusion highlighting commonly identified difficulties and strengths from across all eight projects.

Inca, constituye una de las expresiones más relevantes de la organización política, económica y simbólica del Tahuantinsuyu. Más que una infraestructura de transporte, funcionó como eje articulador de territorios, poblaciones y cosmovisiones diversas. Este artículo analiza sus múltiples dimensiones: la técnica e ingenieril, la administrativa y logística, la económica, la simbólica y la política, así como los retos actuales de su conservación como patrimonio mundial. Se sostiene que el Qhapaq Ñan fue simultáneamente una tecnología material y espiritual, cuyo legado interpela hoy a comunidades, Estados e investigadores.

This e-book (edited by Stefano Agnoletto) is the first volume in the  Series curated by the Scientific Committee of the International Cultural Association Via Querinissima.
You can find:
• The first contemporary English translations of the two narratives of Querini and his companions as published by Ramusio in 1559, translated by Dr. Adam Greenwood.
• Scholarly essays by Prof. Stefano Agnoletto (Introduction) , Prof. Richard Holt (Venice in the European trade networks), Prof. Steinar Aas (The reception of Querini’s journey in Norway), and Dr. Daniela Di Pinto (The Vatican manuscript of Querini’s travel diary).

This article attempts to assess the various ambiguities in the application of the principles of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) in Italy and is divided into two main sections. In the first, a theoretical framework is constructed, analyzing the link between “environment”, “territory” and “landscape”. Attention is focused on the consequences that the different perspectives open up on both the value and operational levels, as well as dealing with attempts at definition. The idea of community is then questioned and some theoretical and practical challenges related to involvement and participation in landscape planning processes are analyzed. In the second part of the paper, the relationship between the city of Palermo (IT) and the Oreto River is taken as an extreme example in the theoretical argumentation and is examined from the perspective of development and current bottom-up practices. The aim of the research is to provide a divergent point of view on the concept of community and identity as this constitutes the foundation of the ELC definition of landscape, through an argumentation that is applicable in general and not only related to particular circumstances, in order to fully apply the ELC also in controversial and peripheral situations where landscape struggles to be accepted by local communities as a common good.

O trabalho objetiva analisar a ação da Caminhada Internacional na Natureza na Região Central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2023 e 2024. O método utilizado envolve a pesquisa-ação durante a organização dos eventos nos municípios do território da Região Central. Para construção do trabalho foram usados os dados registrados na plataforma Ecobooking, bem como as informações computadas pelas comunidades e órgãos de assistência técnica e extensão rural. Os resultados mostram que em dois anos foram realizados nove eventos. Apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas para execução em 2024, as três caminhadas realizadas totalizaram 394 caminhantes, enquanto em 2023 foram 830 participantes efetivos. Por fim, a organização repercutiu nas dimensões econômica, social e ambiental, movimentando o turismo rural, através do apoio da extensão rural, da gestão pública municipal, dos empreendedores e comunidades rurais.

The following paper presents a project of Cultural Routes designed for the Chilean Tierra del Fuego, linked to promoting tourism and boosting the economy, through the development of a specific high standard tourism offer, linked to its natural and cultural heritage, with the purpose of capturing the potential income generation for Chile. The project had as main goal to enhance the competitiveness of the tourism sector of special interests in Tierra del Fuego, a key sector of Southern Patagonia, through the dissemination and transfer of technologies and knowledge, acquired in over 10 years of research and projects, onto the territory and local agents. These Cultural Routes build an innovative offer, capable of structuring the diverse touristic resources and strengthening the basis for the development of a new stage of national and international tourism market, located on the southern extreme of Chile and America.

The main focus of this paper has been to determine the functional regions in the heterogeneous area of Slovenia defined by integrated urban system at the (inter)national level. The notion of polycentric urban development is taken from the local and regional perspective based on the principle of proximity where cooperation, exchanges and networks among cities can contribute to the development of integrated urban systems to overcome the legacy of the inherited urban structures. Delineation of Slovenia into functional regions is based on labour market approach, where daily labour commuting has been considered as the main factor, which determines connectivity/relation between predefined local urban centres and municipalities in the functional regions. The urban centres of national and international importance in Slovenia have been determined mainly according to the number of inhabitants and their role in the polycentric urban system of Slovenia according to the Spatial Development Strategy of Slovenia (SPRS 2004).

Con questo terzo e conclusivo volume della sua inchiesta sul lessico rurale, il prof. Giuseppe Vitolo completa e corona la sua poderosa impresa, avviata già nel 2018 con il primo volume sul lessico rurale della Costiera Amalfitana e proseguita poi nel 2021 con il secondo volume che ampliava il campo di indagine anche alla costa di Sorrento e al versante ‘napoletano’ della Penisola.

Heritage conservation in Alexandria demands integrative, data-driven approaches that reconcile preservation efforts with satisfactory visitor access. This study investigates how Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can document, evaluate, and spatially optimise the city's cultural heritage. A four-stage framework was applied: (1) compiling a multi-source geodatabase of 294 heritage assets in addition to transport nodes; (2) digitising attributes for value scoring based on five National Organisation of Urban Harmony (NOUH) criteria; (3) conducting spatial analytics-hot-spot, nearestneighbour, buffer, and network analysis-together with a six-parameter walkability index; and (4) translating findings into policy-relevant interventions and interactive web maps. Results reveal pronounced clustering in the historic downtown;however 83 high-value assets lie outside a 400 m walk from transit, notably in Foad Street, Kafr-Abdo, and Ancient Catacombs sub-areas. Proposed measures-two bus-stop extensions, and one new tram halt would reduce unserved sites to 8.5 per cent. Six optimised cultural routes cut average walking time within heritage clusters to maximise exposure to unique assets. A dashboard links routes, heritage metadata, and multimodal travel options as well as enabling user-defined preference customisation. The research demonstrates GIS's capacity to integrate qualitative heritage evaluation with quantitative mobility analytics, offering a transferable model for sustainable, economically beneficial urban heritage management.

relación entre jóvenes pobladores asesinados durante la dictadura militar y los habitantes del sector. Se argumenta que el vínculo entre vivos y muertos es un vínculo caminado y de caminantes, que ha adquirido su forma a partir del despliegue de caminatas conmemorativas, pero también a partir de "los caminares", o trayectorias de vivos y muertos que se trazan a través de líneas y rutas biográficas, necrográficas y de devenir histórico. Todo ello en aras de construir una conceptualización de la muerte y la vida después de la muerte que vaya más allá de un punto de vista puramente simbólico y/o representacional. Palabras claves: muerte, violencia política, caminos, dictadura militar. Drawing on an ethnographic experience in Villa Francia, a popular and politically organized neighborhood in Santiago de Chile, I address the relationship between young residents killed during the military dictatorship and the current inhabitants of the sector. I argue that the bond between the living and the dead is a forged by walkers and through walks. This connection has taken shape not only through commemorative walks, but also through what I refer to as caminares (the walks): the biographical, necrographical, and historical lines and routes traced by both the living and the dead. The aim is to construct a conceptualization of death and life after death that moves beyond a purely symbolic and/or representational point of view.

Este trabalho visa catalogar as Sociedades Operárias surgidas em Curitiba no período de 1880-1930, estudar seus usos e estados atuais de conservação, bem como analisar a influência que tiveram, cada uma em seu contexto, no processo de surgimento do movimento operário no Paraná, que tinham nas sedes destas Sociedades importantes espaços de organização livre e autônoma dos trabalhadores da época, na busca e construção de direitos sociais que vieram a ser garantidos posteriormente com a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, em 1943.
A base da economia estadual nessa época era a industrialização do pinheiro e da erva mate. Em 1902 o mate representava ainda 31% do orçamento do estado. A indústria de manufaturas dava seus pri-meiros passos. A par deste desenvolvimento, a cidade se consolidava em uma sociedade de base operária que não possuía assistência social, fazendo necessária a organização dessa classe para fazer frente aos problemas advindos dessa falta de assistência.
Nesse contexto surge a classe operária paranaense, que não tarda a começar a se organizar em sociedades beneficentes, algumas formadas de acordo com as profissões que exerciam, pela nacio-nalidade e outras pelo local de residência. As finalidades das sociedades iam além do caráter recrea-tivo, angariavam fundos entre os associados e em atividades sociais para fins de pecúlio, especial-mente auxilio doença e auxilio funeral.

The historic Silk Roads is an exceptional system of interchange among a broad range of cultural traditions over an outstanding landscape. Initiated in 1988, UNESCO-guided research on the Silk Roads has evolved in the past decade into transnational nominations and inscriptions on the World Heritage List under the leadership of China, following the launch of Silk Road Economic Belt infrastructure development strategy in 2013. These run parallel to UNWTO’s Silk Road Tourism Project that was first formulated in 1993. This paper presents Türkiye’s position vis a vis this global agenda, through a selection of responses at the international, national, and local level. Keywords: Silk Roads, Türkiye, UNESCO World Heritage Programme, cultural routes, national policies, local initiatives.

Il turismo sostenibile si configura come un fattore determinante per il riequilibrio territoriale e lo sviluppo inclusivo delle aree interne nel quadro degli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (SDG) dell’Agenda 2030. Attraverso una metodologia comparativa il contributo indaga l’e¬sperienza del Cammino di Santiago de Compostela, caratterizzato da una gestione istitu¬zionalizzata e multilivello, e le più informali iniziative dell’Antica Trasversale Sicula, in cui la governance è prevalentemente affidata ad Associazioni locali e iniziative dal basso. Il con¬tributo individua criticità e opportunità di entrambi i Cammini, provando a valutare strategie e interventi integrati per incentivare progetti di architettura finalizzati al raggiungimento della sostenibilità economica e sociale, dell’accessibilità diffusa dei luoghi e della riduzione delle disuguaglianze nei territori rurali.

Explaining what the Camino de Santiago is becomes a very difficult endeavor you have to live it you have to feel it every step is a world of sensations that the pilgrim jealously guards after a long journey contact with nature art culture history religiosity spirituality and so many factors turn it into a fine palate dish the Camino de Santiago is life on a small scale moments when you enjoy but also moments when you suffer instants of solitude and instants of brotherhood everything fits surely what the Camino de Santiago has given me I will hardly be able to return it they are experiences emotions feelings people talk about spirituality about finding oneself about being oneself again they are right meeting other people towns landscapes is simply that bag that the pilgrim fills the backpack is enriched by a friendly sincere kind and at the same time encouraging gesture

Actualmente las propuestas turísticas relacionadas con la cultura son diversas, posiblemente porque la demanda, dado que tiene un nivel de formación más alto, busca propuestas experienciales, es decir, la idea del "disfrutar aprendiendo". En este artículo, se aborda el caso del Camino de Santiago como ejemplo de un producto cultural en constante crecimiento. Palabras-clave: producto cultural, turismo cultural, Camino de Santiago.

In 2005-2009, the European Union proposed the Municipal Administration Modernization (MAM) project to Syria for devolution, institutional reform, and effective local governance. One of MAM's 17 action plans was the visitor routes project in the Old City of Damascus. The project aimed at promoting the economic and social life of the Old City through cultural tourism. This chapter aims to examine the extent to which MAM was successful in its proposed plans, practices, and outcomes in visitor routes project. To that end, this study will utilize a comparative case study approach through which it will look into different international contexts where the European Union and/or equivalent national bodies have developed similar projects of cultural tourism in old city centres. MAM suggests that the success of Damascus visitor routes project is subject to the development and implementation of a holistic plan for regeneration, conservation, and development for the Old City. This study however suggests that the failure in the delivery of MAM's holistic plan and modernisation of municipal administration led to a failure in the delivery of MAM's visitor routes project. Further, this study suggests that the successful implementation of visitor routes is subject to; 1) creation of dedicated management and promotion team for the routes project separate from the overall management team of the Old City of Damascus, 2) full delegation of authorities and responsibilities to routes' management team to form and manage its own governance structure and arrangements, and 3) effectively apply policies that enhance the successful management and implementation of such projects (e.g., cooperation policy, public-private partnership, and community involvement).

In 1777 the University, and its Typography, were moved from Nagyszombat
to Buda, where the printing press carried on a prodigious activity, by
publishing books in 16 languages. Between the years 1780-1830 more than
200 Romanian books were published in this typography: religious books and
particularly secular ones, which were intensely circulated all over the territory
inhabited by Romanians. Those books were beautifully adorned with woodcuts,
metal engravings and lithographs.
Sources of Inspiration. In the case of the religious books they often appealed
to similar books printed within the Romanian area (Râmnic, Blaj, Sibiu,
Braşov), in order to render their contents and their manner of illustration.
There were also exceptions, when the source of inspiration came from the
Occident, especially from Vienna. As far as the secular books are concerned,
they used foreign models, particularly Hungarian and Austrian ones.
Impact. Examining the books from the Romanian area I was surprised to
find in Braşov, Sibiu, Buzău and Mănăstirea Neamţ graphic elements which
derived from the religious books from Buda.
Consequently, I can state that a regular route was created: Vienna-Budathe
Romanian area and vice versa, where Romanian books and their engravings
used to be circulated. The reciprocal change of ideas, information, people
and masters, their role as well as the appearance of a new élite on the artistic
plan, contributed to the development of art, culture and to the promotion of
progressive ideas. In this paper, emphasis will be laid on the engravings of the
writings from Buda, which took their sources of inspiration from both the East
and West, and which, in their turn, influenced the Romanian area. I consider
my research to be useful to both the Romanian and Magyar historiography,
and even to others, as not only Romanians and Hungarians carried on their
activity in the Romanian section of the typography.

Today, cultural heritage is no longer limited to urban and archaeological sites; it has expanded to encompass beliefs, traditions, rituals, modes of production, and local daily life practices. This broadening of the concept necessitates a redefinition of conservation approaches. In this context, cultural routes have increasingly become one of the most commonly used methods for safeguarding cultural heritage and managing cultural tourism. These routes support sustainable conservation in complex and dynamic environments while facilitating the use of resources. This study examines 82 sites comprising cultural and natural heritage areas located in and around the cities of Safranbolu and Amasra, which are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List and the Tentative List. It proposes an integrated and participatory planning method for the design of cultural routes. The study area offers a valuable opportunity to analyze issues
such as uncontrolled mass tourism in historic cities and abandonment in rural heritage areas, both common globally. The proposed cultural route is inspired by the travel routes of five historical travelers known to have passed through Safranbolu. The route aims to integrate heritage sites from a historical perspective and establish a resilient network. The methodology of the study consists of three main stages: (1) data collection and processing, (2) design of the cultural route, and (3) analysis and evaluation of the proposed route. This methodology integrates the collection and
analysis of data through GIS-based applications and crowdsourcing methods; the participatory implementation of a multi-criteria decision-making process using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); the synthesis and processing of data for route identification through clustering supported by artificial neural networks; and the analysis and evaluation of the proposed route within a participatory framework through SWOT analysis and design workshops. Key findings reveal significant
conservation risks in the study area while strongly highlighting the potential of heritage assets to promote sustainable tourism. The semi-structured interviews and analyses uncover significant governance challenges, including political tensions, lack of integrated management strategies, and ineffective participatory mechanisms. Critical
issues such as inadequate infrastructure, limited capacity development, and insufficient promotion activities have also been identified. In conclusion, integrating diverse methods within this study has developed an effective participatory planning support system. The proposed cultural route links areas under pressure from mass tourism with abandoned rural zones, offering a balanced and sustainable eco-cultural development model. This model holds significant potential to mitigate the negative
impacts on heritage sites.

This work is intended to be of support and utility for the Ministry of Tourism in Mexico, so that they can build a future SWOT evaluation of tourist destinations. As well, for those who are interested in areas related to the topics presented in this handbook.It presents the development of incorporate indicators of the Priority Tourist Destinations and Magic Towns of Mexico, derived from Sectorial Project 242853 called Development of Information Systems for the Management of the Tourist Destinations of Mexico, where the analysis of the Project is detailed, until the Achievement of the technological innovation generated, through an Information System.Mexico is a country which has as one of its strengths, cultural and natural resources in each of its states, municipalities and localities. Customs, traditions, gastronomy, ceremonial centers, archeological zones, waterfalls, the abundance in flora and fauna; so describe each of its wonders. These resources require laws and regulations to...

Tourism is an old pursuit that enables individuals to explore cultural heritage and
natural wonders and to broaden their perspectives while keeping and sharing regional,
and cultural values [1]. Globalization has made travel planning more complicated day by
day, with the chance of seeing multiple different destinations and forcing us to get used
to fast information flows. Artificial intelligence (AI) is made to address such challenges by
offering multilingual, personalized solutions. This study assessed Grok, an AI tool by xAI,
in creating a one-day travel route in Diyarbakır in Turkish, English, and French languages.
On March 19, 2025, we entered this query in Grok: “I am at Diyarbakır Airport. Tomorrow,
Wednesday, March 19, 2025, I will explore Diyarbakır’s historical and cultural sites. Can
you prepare an itinerary based on current data?” Responses were analyzed within the
Tourist Experience Theory framework [1]. The Turkish itinerary gave responses in cultural
depth and accuracy, featuring local drinks like menengiç coffee, while English and French
answers showed deficiencies in linguistic and contextual meaning. This paper shows conversational
travel planning in an AI system program that provides travel recommendations
in an individual-based way to assist tourists in diverse languages and cultures and suggests
improvements for its multilingual capabilities.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, tourism, itinerary planning, Diyarbakır, multilingual guidance,
Grok.

The Sorrento Peninsula is characterized by a significant occurrence of examples of vernacular architecture, which exhibit distinctive morphological and constructive features. These have been the subject of numerous studies. However, some buildings have undergone a process of transformation over time, the details of which have yet to be investigated. Architectures that initially held a rural character were enlarged and ennobled, thereby becoming what could be termed as "villas of delights". However, these clearly manifest their origin based on the permanence of some vernacular features. This paper focuses on the analysis of a case study, Villa Murat, which is exemplary in illustrating this process. This thorough interdisciplinary research combines historical investigation, based mainly on archival documents, with a direct examination of the Villa. This has enabled the retracing of the building's evolution and of the events that occurred in it. An integrated survey, which employed photogrammetry and laser scanning, enabled the assessment of the current state of conservation. The ultimate objective of this research is to propose conservative interventions which, in conjunction with the suggested new intended use, could ensure the preservation of the Villa.

Ce projet de fin d’études en architecture explore l’identité architecturale des villages blancs (villages du nord du Maroc), à travers l’étude de leur patrimoine local et social. Réalisé à une échelle locale, le projet met en lumière les dynamiques culturelles, les savoir-faire traditionnels, ainsi que les éléments architecturaux caractéristiques de ces villages.
L’analyse repose sur une méthodologie croisant plusieurs échelles d’observation (territoriale, urbaine et architecturale), enrichie par un travail de benchmarking de cas similaires à l’international. Cette démarche comparative permet de situer les spécificités locales dans un cadre plus large et d’identifier des stratégies transférables.
Le projet architectural proposé s’inscrit dans une démarche d’architecture durable, respectueuse du contexte, des ressources et des besoins des habitants. Il ambitionne de réinterpréter les principes vernaculaires avec des solutions contemporaines, pour un développement harmonieux et responsable.


Ce document s’adresse aux architectes ,urbanistes, chercheurs, étudiants et professionnels du patrimoine engagés dans des réflexions sur l’identité architecturale, la revitalisation des territoires ruraux, la durabilité et la valorisation de l’architecture vernaculaire.

This study includes the introduction of a single-eyed, regularly cut stone bridge with an inscription that we discovered in Harbiye, Defne District of Hatay, eight kilometer south of the historical Antakya city center, known as Daphne in ancient times, which hosted temples of Zeus and Apollo, baths, villas, churches in the Byzantine period and became famous as Beyt’ül-Mâ (water house) in the Ottoman Period, and a layered cultural research based on this bridge. The bridge, which is quite picturesque within the forest texture of ivy, plane trees and laurels on a stream, which is the main reason for its existence, is relatively beyond the aesthetic approach that can be expected from rural folk architecture, and imitates classical Ottoman bridges with its preferred material, knitting technique, arch form and symbolic miniature inscription kiosk. It has been understood that the bridge is a votive structure related to a health cult that developed around the legendary personality of Sheikh Yusuf el-Hekim and embodied in a group of tombs located nearby. Based on the building inscriptions, archaeological findings, historical and cultural data, the building features, the identities of the patron and master; the cult features from Asklepios to Yusuf el-Hekim as intangible cultural assets that may have affected the formation of the concrete cultural assets in question, and possible transformations, from Latakia to Antakya and Mersin, and the visuals supporting these are presented. This bridge, the associated tomb group and ancient fragments, which are rare tangible cultural assets remaining from the point of view of the town of Harbiye (historical Daphne), which has reached the present day with great losses and losses of cultural values ​​due to various destructions from its glorious past, are also important as critical cultural indicators and should be protected.  >|||< 
Bu çalışma, Hatay’ın Defne İlçesi’nde, tarihî Antakya kent merkezinin 8 km güneyinde yer alan Harbiye’de tespit ettiğimiz tek gözlü, düzgün kesme taş örgülü ve kitabeli bir köprünün tanıtımını ve bu köprüden hareketle katmanlı bir kültürel araştırmayı içermektedir. Antik dönemde Daphne olarak bilinen, Zeus, Apollon tapınaklarına, hamamlara, villalara, Bizans döneminde kiliselere evsahipliği yapmış ve Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Beyt’ül-Mâ (su evi) olarak ünlenmiş Harbiye’deki köprü, altından akan derenin vesile olduğu sarmaşıklı, çınarlı, defneli orman dokusu içinde oldukça pitoresk özelliklerde, kırsal halk mimarlığından beklenebilecek estetik yaklaşımı görece aşkın bir yapıdır. Tercih edilen malzeme, örgü tekniği, kemer formu, sembolik nitelikteki minyatür kitabe köşküyle klasik Osmanlı köprülerine öykünen bir mimarlık eseridir. Köprünün, yakınlarında bulunan, Şeyh Yusuf el-Hekim menkıbevi kişiliği etrafında gelişen ve türbeler topluluğu halinde somutlaşmış bir sağlık kültüyle ilişkili bir adak yapısı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Makalede, yapı kitabelerinden, arkeolojik bulgulardan, tarihsel ve kültürel verilerden hareketle yapı özellikleri, bâni ve usta kimlikleri hakkında bilgi sunulmakta; söz konusu somut kültür varlıklarının oluşumunu etkilemiş olabilecek soyut kültür varlıkları olarak Asklepios’tan Yusuf el-Hekim kültüne olası dönüşümler, baniler, benzerlikler bağlamlarında Antakya’dan Mersin’e, Lazkiye’ye varıncaya tespit ve değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. Görkemli geçmişinden günümüze türlü tahribatların yol açtığı kültürel kayıplarla, büyük değerler yitirerek ulaşan Harbiye (tarihî Daphne) beldesi ve Antakya açısından elde kalan nadir somut kültür varlıklarından olan bu köprü, ilişkili türbe topluluğu ve antik fragmanlar, kritik kültürel göstergeler olarak da önemlidir ve korunmalıdır.

Las cuentas, o wallqas en quechua, aymara y kunza, son los adornos corporales totalmente manufacturados más antiguos, universales y persistentes. Aparecen tempranamente en todos los continentes. En los Andes del Sur se encuentran desde el período Arcaico hasta tiempos alfareros, e incluso hay referencias etnográfi cas de su uso ceremonial hacia fi nes del siglo xx. En el presente trabajo se sistematizan y discuten los distintos contextos e interpretaciones arqueológicas de las cuentas en el área surandina desde una perspectiva diacrónica. Se estudia su rol como bienes de intercambios múltiples en los Andes, ya que coparticipan tanto en el intercambio entre humanos, así como en las ofrendas destinadas a las deidades andinas. Desde un análisis semántico del quechua y aymara, podemos reconocer que hay un sustrato ontológico aún más profundo respecto de sus colores, texturas o formas, ya que wallqa se convierte en la raíz de la palabra escudo, denotando que son parte de los sistemas de protección.

Öz Turistlerin farklı kültürleri, yeme-içme alışkanlıkları üzerinden öğrenmeye çalıştıkları gastronomi turizmi her ne kadar son yılların önemli bir eğilim olarak görülse de kökeni binlerce yıl öncesine dayanan bir olaydır. Varlığını Naucratisli Athenaious'un "Deipnosophistai (Δειπνοσοφισταί) (Bilgelerin Şöleni)" isimli eserinden öğrendiğimiz, M.Ö 4.yy. ortalarında yaşayan ve hayatının önemli bir kısmını Antik Yunan Dünyası'nın mutfak kültürünü öğrenmek için seyahat ederek geçiren Gelalı Archestratus, bu çalışmanın ana öznesi konumundadır. Araştırmada, Gelalı Archestratus'un Anadolu'ya yaptığı seyahatlerin günümüzde gastronomi turizmi kapsamında nasıl değerlendirilebileceği üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu kapsamda 1951 yılında Charles Burton Gulick tarafından yapılan ilk İngilizce çevirisinden yararlanılarak, Athenaious'un eserinde yer alan ve Archestratus'a ait olan 62 fragmana içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Buna göre fragmanlarında toplam 60 tane yer adından bahsettiği ve bunların konumları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda şair/gezginin Antik Yunan Dünyasının neredeyse tamamını gezdiği ortaya çıkmış ve gittiği yerlerin deniz ürünleri ekseninde gelişen mutfak kültürleri hakkında çeşitli bilgiler verdiği belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında Archestratus'un ziyaret ettiği yerlerin 16 tanesi Anadolu'nun kuzey ve batı kıyılarında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın amacına uygun olarak, Anadoludaki ziyaret noktalarını kapsayacak şekilde Anadolu Gastronomi Rotası, Marmara Gastronomi Rotası ve Ege Gastronomi Rotası olmak üzere üç tane güzergah belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmayla, turistik ürün geliştirmede tarihsel kişiliklerin ve Antik kaynakların birer araç olarak kullanılabileceği ortaya çıkmakta ve yapılan çalışmayla gastronomi turizminin kültür tarihindeki gelişimiyle ilgili alan yazında önemli bir boşluğun doldurulması hedeflenmektedir. Araştırma sonuçlarının gastronomi turizmi alanında faaliyet gösteren paydaşlara özellikle ürün geliştirme gibi konularda fikirler verebileceği düşünülmektedir.

RIASSUNTO: L’articolo esamina le sfide nella gestione del patrimonio storico-culturale rispetto alla definizione di
reti viarie storiche in itinerari culturali, concentrandosi sulla Via Francigena quale Itinerario del Consiglio d’Europa.
Attraverso un approccio inclusivo su modelli territoriali e l’applicazione di strumenti GIS, l’indagine esplora il legame
tra la mobilità medievale e il patrimonio associato. Emergono criticità, come l’esclusione di risorse marginali rispetto al
percorso principale, ma anche opportunità significative, come la definizione di un modello che contempla la dimensione
spaziale della strada. La metodologia proposta supera i limiti attuali, puntando a un ampliamento dell’offerta turistica,
che integra il patrimonio locale e risponde alle esigenze degli itinerari culturali.

SUMMARY: Heritage on the move: GIS approaches and territorial models for the heritage inclusion along cultural routes.
The paper examines the challenges in managing historical and cultural heritage in the context of redefining historical road
networks as cultural routes, with a particular focus on the Via Francigena as a Council of Europe’s Cultural Route. Adopting
an inclusive approach to territorial models and employing GIS tools, the study explores the relationship between medieval
mobilities and its associated heritage. The findings highlight critical issues, such as excluding marginal assets from the
main route, and significant opportunities, including developing a model that considers the road’s spatial dimension.
The proposed methodology overcomes current limitations, aiming to enhance the tourism offering by integrating local
heritage and addressing the demands of cultural routes.

From the first "Santiago de Compostela Pilgrim Routes" Cultural Route in 1987 to the 10th Annual Advisory Forum on "Resilient and Sustainable Cultural Routes" in 2021, the Council of Europe's Cultural Routes have highlighted a dynamic system of history, culture, values and local economy, unique in Europe, with sustainable development as a common axis: one more tool at the service of cultural and economic diplomacy with positive impacts spreading across the whole spectrum of the European economy. The study, carried out mainly through a literature survey, initially focusing on the conceptual background, then identifying good practices from Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe and examining the possibilities offered by Culture in general and Cultural Routes in particular for the Sustainable Development of Greece, comes up with proposals in the context of Greece's economic diplomacy for the development potential of the Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe that cross Greece as well as the creation of new Cultural Routes within the framework of the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea Macro-Regional Strategy, with the aim not only to diversify the tourism product, but also to develop commercial, science and "green" diplomacy and to attract investments in relation to the Council of Europe's Cultural Routes./ Από την πρώτη Πολιτιστική Διαδρομή “Santiago de Compostela Pilgrim Routes” , το 1987, μέχρι το 10o ετήσιο Συμβουλευτικό Φόρουμ για τις «Ανθεκτικές και Βιώσιμες Πολιτιστικές Διαδρομές», το 2021, οι Πολιτιστικές Διαδρομές του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης αναδεικνύουν ένα δυναμικό σύστημα ιστορίας, πολιτισμού, αξιών και τοπικής οικονομίας, μοναδικό στην Ευρώπη, με κοινό άξονα τη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη: ακόμα ένα μέσον στην υπηρεσία όχι μόνο της πολιτιστικής αλλά και της οικονομικής διπλωματίας με θετικά αποτελέσματα που διαχέονται σε όλο το φάσμα της ευρωπαϊκής οικονομίας. Η μελέτη που πραγματοποιήθηκε κυρίως με βιβλιογραφική έρευνα, αρχικά εστιάζοντας στο εννοιολογικό υπόβαθρο, εντοπίζοντας στη συνέχεια καλές πρακτικές από πολιτιστικές διαδρομές του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης και εξετάζοντας τις δυνατότητες που προσφέρει ο Πολιτισμός γενικότερα και οι Πολιτιστικές διαδρομές ειδικότερα για τη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη της Ελλάδας, καταλήγει κυρίως σε προτάσεις στα πλαίσια της οικονομικής διπλωματίας της Ελλάδας για τις δυνατότητες ανάπτυξης των Πολιτιστικών Διαδρομών του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης που διασχίζουν την Ελλάδα και τη δημιουργία νέων Πολιτιστικών Διαδρομών στα πλαίσια και της Μακρο-περιφερειακής Στρατηγικής της Αδριατικής Θάλασσας και του Ιονίου Πελάγους, με στόχο όχι μόνο την διαφοροποίηση του τουριστικού προϊόντος, αλλά και την ανάπτυξη της εμπορικής, επιστημονικής και «πράσινης» διπλωματίας καθώς και την προσέλκυση επενδύσεων σε σχέση με τις Πολιτιστικές Διαδρομές του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης.

« L’instrumentalisation de l’antijudaïsme chez Quevedo », communication dans le cadre de la Journée d’étude sur les communautés juives en Méditerranée (Espagne, Italie, Afrique du Nord) / Table ronde sur la mémoire et l’écriture de la Shoah, organisées par le lycée Claude Fauriel de Saint Etienne les 1ER et 2 février 2018, à destination des étudiants d’hypokhâgne et filière économique et ouvertes au public extérieur.

The mountains Gourougou" (Gurugú). To value a cultural landscape Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un sitio natural y cultural prácticamente desconocido y adoptar directrices para su posible inscripción en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial. El sitio puede ser considerado un paisaje cultural, como se define en la terminología de la UNESCO, "obras conjuntas del hombre y la naturaleza, que expresa una larga e íntima relación entre los pueblos y su medio ambiente." Por ello tratamos en este breve artículo de presentar el marco geográfico, las características geológicas y los diferentes potenciales del macizo del Gourougou 1 con el fin de proporcionar una valoración "científica y operativa".

Bartın için hazırlanan bu proje fikirlerinin birkaçı Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı'nın maddi ve teknik imkanları çerçecevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bir kısmı diğer kurum ve kuruluşlardan sağlanan destek ve sponsorluklar sayesinde başlatılmış ve devam edilmektedir. Benzer projeler geliştirmek isteyen illerdeki yönetici ve ekiplere fikir sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır.

Bartın İli ve İlçeleri Yüzey Araştırması’nın 2021 yılı çalışmaları, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğünün 29/07/2021 tarih ve 1574979 sayılı izni ile Bartın Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Bölümü öğretim üyesi Doç. Dr. Fatma Bağdatlı Çam başkanlığında ve Bakanlık Yetkili Uzmanı Ömer Çepnioğlu eşliğinde 31 Ağustos-19 Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. 2023 yılı çalışmaları, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğünün 10/05/2023 tarih ve 3762001 sayılı izni ile [Proje Numarası-YA017401(2023)] “Bartın İli ve İlçeleri Yüzey Araştırması 2023” çalışması Doç. Dr. Fatma Bağdatlı Çam başkanlığında ve Bakanlık Yetkili Uzmanı Zerrin Akdoğan eşliğinde 5-19 Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında tamamlanmıştır

This open access book presents a series of speculative, experimental modes of inquiry in the present times of environmental damage that have come to be known as the age of the Anthropocene. Throughout the book authors develop more nuanced ways of engaging with the environmentally vulnerable Arctic. They counter distancing, exoticising, and even apocalyptic imaginaries of the Arctic by staying proximate with mundane places and beings of the north. The volume engages and plays with familiar tourism concepts, such as hospitality, visiting, difference, care, openness, and distance, while expanding the focus from binary and human-centric approaches of hosts and guests to questions of wellbeing among multispecies communities. The transdisciplinary group of contributors share a curiosity about how staying proximate may provide theoretical depth and epistemological openings to attend to current tensions and to diversify the ways we do and enact research. Thus, each chapter provides a methodological experiment with proximity, developing diverse ways of envisioning and storying more-than-human worlds. 

Notes on the 5th EUSS and the proceedings Laura Verdelli What is heritage? The dilemmas of an urban planner Izabela Mironowicz Culture de l'eau et projet de paysage: annotations pour une réflexion (Water Culture and Landscape Project: reflective notes) Michele Ercolini

The main purpose of the research was to investigate the utilization of cultural routes in cities and regions of Greece and abroad, as a means for their sustainable development. The methodology used was a literature review through the collection of secondary data of research studies conducted in Greece and internationally focusing on specific cases. The resulting data showed that cultural routes are an innovative tool for the development of cities and regions that can be exploited in different ways. In particular, cultural itineraries focus on the resources that each case has that contribute to its high added value as a tourist destination and create benefits that are not short-term but instead act as a multiplier and lay the foundations for a development that is both sustainable and sustainable. Cultural itineraries include different cultural resources and can take more than one form, even in the same destination, so that they can attract different groups of visitors, depending on their interests. This, in turn, implies upgrading each destination, creating a strong brand name that is different from the rest, and conditions for social and economic development. Cultural routes contribute to the development of the economy, synergies, infrastructure cultural entrepreneurship and attracting investment, while also protecting and enhancing cultural resources. This shows that the benefits offered are multiple, long term and with proper management can lead to a development of tourist destinations that would not be possible by other means.

Bu calisma, Iznik Golu ve cevresinin kamp ve karavan turizmi acisindan mevcut durumunu ve potansiyelini incelemeyi amaclamaktadir. Calismada birincil ve ikincil verilerden faydalanilmis ve GZTF (SWOT) analizi ile Iznik golu ve cevresinin kamp ve karavan turizmi acisindan mevcut durumu degerlendirilmistir. Birincil veriler yari yapilandirilmis mulakatlardan, ikincil veriler ise daha once yapilmis calismalar ve Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu (TUIK) istatistiklerinden elde edilmistir. Calismada, destinasyonun kamp ve karavan turizmi acisindan onemli bir potansiyele sahip oldugu ve isletmelerin hizmet standartlarini artirmalari ile bolgenin onemli bir kamping merkezi haline gelebilecegi sonucuna ulasilmistir.

The current BGP-4 protocol specification states that the selection process chooses the best path for a given route which is added to the Loc-Rib and advertised to all peers. Previous versions [RFC1771] of the specification defined a different rule for Internal BGP Updates. Given that Internal paths are not readvertised to Internal peers, it was specified that the best of the external paths, as determined by the path selection tie breaking algorithm, would be advertised to Internal peers. This document extends that procedure to operate in environments where Route Reflection [RFC4456] or Confederations [RFC5065] are used and explains why advertising the additional routing information can improve convergence time without causing routing loops. Additional benefits include reduction of inter-domain churn and avoidance of permanent route oscillation. This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at . Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." Marques, et al.

Since griculture has become the biggest industry 2 in the economic system of Ubon Ratchathani province. At the same time most farmers have often faced many problems and limitations in their life in the several difficult aspects. Therefore, one of important things to improve the highly competitive economic in the province should conserve their intelligences like the handicraft which is full of cultural valuable and identity of the region and cultural. Such intelligence represents the natural resources and the unique cultural heritage. The handicraft can replace income from tourism for people in the province, moreover it can also integrates with the family business which can be said that is one of the main businesses in Ubon Ratchathani . In addition, promoting the local traditional craftsmanship of the family businesses develop and strengthen the local identity of the artifacts. A result of the development will not only support the tourism in specific target, but also promote one of ...

Περίληψη
Βασικός σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν η διερεύνηση της αξιοποίησης των πολιτιστικών διαδρομών,
σε πόλεις και σε περιφέρειες της Ελλάδος και του εξωτερικού, ως μέσο για την βιώσιμη και
αειφόρο ανάπτυξη τους. Η μεθοδολογία που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ήταν η βιβλιογραφική
ανασκόπηση μέσα από την συλλογή δευτερογενών δεδομένων ερευνών που διεξήχθησαν στην
Ελλάδα και διεθνώς εστιάζοντας σε συγκεκριμένες περιπτώσεις. Τα δεδομένα που προέκυψαν
έδειξαν ότι οι πολιτιστικές διαδρομές αποτελούν ένα καινοτόμο μέσο για την ανάπτυξη των
πόλεων και των περιφερειών που μπορούν να αξιοποιηθούν με διαφορετικούς τρόπους.
Ειδικότερα, οι πολιτιστικές διαδρομές εστιάζουν στους πόρους που κάθε περίπτωση διαθέτει οι
οποίες συμβάλλουν στο να αποκτά υψηλή προστιθέμενη αξία ως τουριστικός προορισμός και να
δημιουργούν οφέλη τα οποία δεν είναι βραχυπρόθεσμα αλλά αντίθετα λειτουργούν
πολλαπλασιαστικά και θέτουν τις βάσεις για μία ανάπτυξη που είναι τόσο αειφόρος όσο και
βιώσιμη. Οι πολιτιστικές διαδρομές περιλαμβάνονταν διαφορετικούς πολιτιστικούς πόρους και
μπορούν να έχουν παραπάνω από μία μορφή, ακόμα και στον ίδιο προορισμό, με αποτέλεσμα
να μπορούν να προσελκύσουν διαφορετικές ομάδες επισκεπτών, ανάλογα με τα ενδιαφέροντα
τους. Αυτό με την σειρά του συνεπάγεται αναβάθμιση του κάθε προορισμού, δημιουργία ενός
ισχυρού brand name που διαφέρει από τα υπόλοιπα, και προϋποθέσεις για κοινωνική και
οικονομική ανάπτυξη. Οι πολιτιστικές διαδρομές συμβάλλουν στην ανάπτυξη της οικονομίας,
των συνεργειών, των υποδομών αλλά και της προσέλκυσης των επενδύσεων ενώ παράλληλα οι
πολιτιστικοί πόροι προστατεύονται και αναβαθμίζονται. Αυτό δείχνει ότι τα οφέλη που
προσφέρονται είναι πολλαπλά, μακροχρόνια και με την κατάλληλη διαχείριση τους μπορούν να
οδηγήσουν σε μία ανάπτυξη τους τουριστικούς προορισμούς η οποία δεν ήταν εφικτή με άλλα
μέσα.