Consumer Shopping Behaviour

Impulse buying is defined as an incident where shoppers forge a spontaneous purchase. Impulse buying behavior is that behavior of consumer in which the consumer purchases unplanned things, or feeling desired to purchase products without findings alternatives. In consumer buying behavior, impulse buying is an essential phenomenon for researchers. This study attempts to study the drivers that may lead to an unplanned purchase. For this purpose we gathered data from 175 shoppers of different classes in Faisalabad region of Pakistan by administered survey questionnaire with five-point Likert scale ranging from 1(Strongly agree) to 2(Strongly disagree). Data is analyzed by running correlation and multiple regressions in SPSS 21 version. Findings indicate that the three factors are emphatically correlated with impulse buying behavior and one of the three factors, in-store environment, play a significant role in initiating impulse buying behavior in Faisalabad. Therefore, retailers in Fais...

The task of shopping for apparels is no more a simple activity. The advent of multi-channel marketing trend has made the whole scenario very complex. Thus, one needs to think upon a number of factors which lead consumers’ decision about purchase channel selection for apparels to gain maximum shopping satisfaction. Though, all of these factors may or may not be equally important but they do affect the buying decision and shoppers’ satisfaction to some extent. The aim of this paper is not to identify these factors, rather to determine the extent to which they affect the consumers’ decision regarding purchase channel selection.

Abstract: In India so many sectors are on boom and organized retail is one of them. Today in fast changing markets, organized
retailing is one of the most contributors to the economy. Consumer of today wants different brands for them. And retailers of
organized sectors provide them both manufacturer and private label brands and this is the reason that consumers turn as more
shopaholic than before. Manufacturer brands are also known as National brand. Private label brands are today more accepted
than the manufacturer brand and these brands are also known as own brands, store brands, retailers’ brand. All these terms are
synonym for them. Inclination towards private labels is increasing day by day. And this inclination makes customers more loyal
and increases the sales of retailers as well. This study is conducted on the big five retailers. In this study loyalty of youth
customer is checked out that how much they are aware about the private label brand with the help of analysis of data collected.
Keywords: Private label brand, Manufacturer brand, Customer loyalty

O presente trabalho objetiva a criação de um modelo teórico para compreender a experiência vivenciada por consumidores em suas visitas a um Shopping Center e, por conseguinte, a aplicação do modelo desenvolvido para consumidores idosos em Belo Horizonte. Este estudo encontra-se alicerçado em uma estratégia qualitativa de pesquisa, com a finalidade de identificar percepções mais profundas, como sentimentos e emoções, tendo como técnica a análise de conteúdo de 10 entrevistas, com frequentadores de shoppings com idade superior a 65 anos que pudessem ter experiências para relatar o fenômeno pesquisado. Diante do problema de pesquisa apresentado e em relação aos aspectos metodológicos, concluiu-se que a experiência vivenciada por idosos pode ser descrita por experiências estéticas, sociais, escapismo, serviços e diversão.

Visual merchandising is an extremely important element as the first visual cue that affects buying behavior of customers. This study aims to identify determinants of visual merchandising that influence customers' impulse buying behavior. This study focuses on five elements of visual merchandising which are window display, mannequin display, floor merchandising, promotional signage and lighting. Investigation was conducted at a popular fashion specialty store in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 150 customers' feedback was collected. Results of statistical data analysis show that three out of five visual merchandising elements are important in influencing the customers' impulse buying behavior. Window display, mannequin display and promotional signage are positively related and identified as determinants of effective visual merchandising for impulse buying decision at the women fashion specialty store. The research outcome extends understanding on the adverse effect of visual merchandising on customers' behavior.

The paper lays emphasis on the factors which affect the decisions of the consumers while making a selection for their choice of retail store. The paper tries to study those variables which affect the choice of retail stores for the consumers. The survey revealed through the paper that the male consumers would prefer a retail store which provides them with varied variety of the product assortment rather than going by the décor and lightning of the store. It was also found that the older generation is likely to do shopping from their local stores and street markets. The male consumers were also found to be in favour of visiting those retail stores which provide better quality products rather than getting swayed by the discounts being offered by them.

Purpose: With emerging modern phenomena in the world, the aesthetic appeal of a product is utilized by retailers as visual marketing strategies. The main aspiration of the study is to investigate the influence of interior and exterior visual merchandising strategies on impulse purchases of customers in apparel retail sector, Sri Lanka. Methods: Quantitative research approach was employed. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire, using 343 consumers who are buying apparels from apparel retail stores in Sri Lanka. Acknowledging the Stimulus-organism-response (S-OR) framework of environmental psychology, window display, floor merchandising, promotional signage and mannequin display selected as the strategies of visual merchandising. Findings: Multiple regression analysis results indicated that window display as the highest influencing factor followed by promotional signage and mannequin display in-store form on impulse

Prior research shows grocery stores reduce prices to compete with Walmart Supercenters. This study finds evidence that the competitive effects of two other big box retailers-Costco and Walmart-owned Sam's Club-are quite different. Using city-level panel grocery price data matched with a unique data set on Walmart and warehouse club locations, we find that Costco entry is associated with higher grocery prices at incumbent retailers, and that the effect is strongest in cities with small populations and high grocery store densities. This is consistent with incumbents competing with Costco along non-price dimensions such as product quality or quality of the shopping experience. We find no evidence that Sam's Club entry affects grocery stores' prices, consistent with Sam's Club's focus on small businesses instead of consumers.

Researchers have linked the rise in obesity to technological progress reducing the opportunity cost of food consumption and increasing the opportunity cost of physical activity. We examine this hypothesis in the context of Walmart Supercenters, whose advancements in retail logistics have translated to substantial reductions in the prices of food and other consumer goods. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System matched with Walmart Supercenter entry dates and locations, we examine the effects of Supercenters on body mass index (BMI) and obesity. We account for the endogeneity of Walmart Supercenter locations with an instrumental variables approach that exploits the unique geographical pattern of Supercenter expansion around Walmart's headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas. An additional Supercenter per 100,000 residents increases average BMI by 0.24 units and the obesity rate by 2.3 percentage points. These results imply that the proliferation of Walmart Supercenters explains 10.5% of the rise in obesity since the late 1980s, but the resulting increase in medical expenditures offsets only a small portion of consumers' savings from shopping at Supercenters.

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

approach in recent years. One of these cities which is the last divided capital city and one of the most important cultural heritages of the Mediterranean region in  the island of Cyprus is the Nicosia Walled City. Within this study, the existing situation of pedestrianized areas in the Walled City in north Nicosia were examined. In literature review part, the importance of pedestrianization,  reasons and benefits of pedestrianization, examples of pedestrianized areas/streets around the world  are reviewed. The pedestrianized streets/areas in the north Nicosia Walled City were examined on-site, photographed, their current status was revealed and evaluated according to determined criteria. Each street/area was evaluated in terms of functions in the street, mobility, accessibility by car or public transportation, social/community activities, economic development and quality of physical environment. When the old city of Nicosia is analyzed in the context of these criteria, it has been ...

approach in recent years. One of these cities which is the last divided capital city and one of the most important cultural heritages of the Mediterranean region in  the island of Cyprus is the Nicosia Walled City. Within this study, the existing situation of pedestrianized areas in the Walled City in north Nicosia were examined. In literature review part, the importance of pedestrianization,  reasons and benefits of pedestrianization, examples of pedestrianized areas/streets around the world  are reviewed. The pedestrianized streets/areas in the north Nicosia Walled City were examined on-site, photographed, their current status was revealed and evaluated according to determined criteria. Each street/area was evaluated in terms of functions in the street, mobility, accessibility by car or public transportation, social/community activities, economic development and quality of physical environment. When the old city of Nicosia is analyzed in the context of these criteria, it has been ...

The City of Nicosia contains cultural heritage from different periods of history. Over time, due to user damage, illegal constructions, and abandonment, Nicosia has faced the danger of deterioration in its morphology and the loss of its original identity. With the recent strategic planning, the city of Nicosia has started to be revived. Within the scope of revitalization works, original or re-functional use projects are carried out on existing structures. Revitalization projects in historical cities should be implemented within the framework of sustainable development. In this study, the Arabahmet and Karamanzade regions of Nicosia were selected as the focus of the research. The research aims to assess revitalization works in selected zones within the framework of sustainable development. Three methodologies were followed in the research process: Theoretical, analytical, and practical approaches. As the first step in the theoretical approach, sustainable development was emphasized i...

Atributos varejistas relevantes em supermercados: um olhar sobre a percepção dos consumidores idosos RESUMO A população mundial está em rápido processo de envelhecimento, fenômeno que também é uma realidade no Brasil, pois, segundo pesquisas recentes do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, a partir do ano 2039 haverá mais pessoas idosas do que crianças vivendo no país e em 2060 um em cada quatro brasileiros terá mais de 65 anos, representando, do ponto de vista do marketing, um mercado consumidor altamente promissor. Neste aspecto, tem se tornado crescente nos últimos anos pesquisas sobre o comportamento do consumidor idoso, principalmente relacionadas à sua experiência de compra e aos seus hábitos de consumo. Paralelamente, nos últimos anos, observa-se que o varejo supermercadista vem demonstrando preocupação com esses clientes diferenciados, alertando para a necessidade de se preparar as lojas para o envelhecimento do consumidor. O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com idosos na cidade de Bauru, interior do estado de São Paulo, que teve como objetivo identificar quais são os atributos mais relevantes no processo de compra desse segmento de consumidores. Entre os principais resultados, pode-se observar que a grande maioria demonstra fidelidade ao ponto de venda, frequentando diariamente o mesmo supermercado, e avalia a experiência de compra de forma positiva nos aspectos relacionados a proximidade da residência e estacionamento, classificando esses atributos como "excelentes". Já a qualidade dos produtos e o atendimento nos caixas foram apontados como "bons" e itens de conforto, como por exemplo espaço para descanso, bem como as promoções de vendas, foram avaliadas com o conceito "regular".

Recommender system is a computer-based intelligent technique which facilitates the customers to fulfill their purchase requirements. In addition to this, it also helps retailers to manage the supply chain of their business and to develop different business strategies keeping in pace with the current market. Supply chain management (SCM) involves the streamlining of a business's supply-side activities to remain competitive in the business landscape. Maximizing the customer value is another important activity of SCM to gain an advantage in the market. In this work, the K-Means clustering algorithm has been used for the effective segmentation of customers who have bought apparel items. PCA has been used for dimensionality reduction of different features of products and customers. The main focus of this work is to determine the different possible associations of customers in terms of brand, product, and price from their purchase habits. The result shows that the clusters made by the algorithm based on PCA and K-Means are similar and the results are acceptable on the basis of feedback received from existing customers and satisfies the customers' requirements based on the amount of money (price range) the customers want to spend while doing online shopping. The features of products purchased by customers were combined together to generate a unique product key for business, and a model was prepared to segment products based on the volume of products sold and revenue generated, and the price of products sold and revenue generated. This work, in the long run, will help business houses to build a sustainable, profitable, and scalable e-commerce business. Environmental, social, and economic aspects are important to make e-commerce more sustainable for the benefit of the society.

for research assistance. I thank Emek Basker for sharing data. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

Please scroll down for article-it is on subsequent pages With 12,500 members from nearly 90 countries, INFORMS is the largest international association of operations research (O.R.) and analytics professionals and students. INFORMS provides unique networking and learning opportunities for individual professionals, and organizations of all types and sizes, to better understand and use O.R. and analytics tools and methods to transform strategic visions and achieve better outcomes. For more information on INFORMS, its publications, membership, or meetings visit http://www.informs.org

The impact of Wal-Mart in lowering incumbents' retail prices has been well documented by previous studies using reduced form models. This article uses a structural model to examine the pricing behavior and promotion responses of incumbent supermarkets to a rapid expansion of Wal-Mart Supercenters (WMS) using the Dallas-Fort Worth milk market as a case study. Empirical results verify that WMS expansion disciplines incumbent supermarkets by decreasing oligopoly power and numbing consumer responsiveness to promotion. In addition, WMS expansion lures away price-sensitive consumers, leaving incumbent supermarkets to face more priceinelastic but lower demands for milk.

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research attributes much of the rise in obesity to technological progress reducing the cost of food consumption. We examine this hypothesis in the context of Walmart Supercenters, whose advancements in retail logistics have translated to substantial reductions in food prices. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System matched with Walmart Supercenter entry dates and locations, we examine the effects of Supercenters on body mass index (BMI) and obesity. We account for the endogeneity of Walmart Supercenter locations with an instrumental variables approach that exploits the unique geographical pattern of Supercenter expansion around Walmart's headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas. An additional Supercenter per 100,000 residents increases average BMI by 0.25 units and the obesity rate by 2.4 percentage points. These results imply that the proliferation of Walmart Supercenters explains 11% of the rise in obesity since the late 1980s, but the resulting increase in medical expenditures offsets only a small portion of consumers' savings from shopping at Supercenters.

In India so many sectors are on boom and organized retail is one of them. Today in fast changing markets, organized retailing is one of the most contributors to the economy. Consumer of today wants different brands for them. And retailers of organized sectors provide them both manufacturer and private label brands and this is the reason that consumers turn as more shopaholic than before. Manufacturer brands are also known as National brand. Private label brands are today more accepted than the manufacturer brand and these brands are also known as own brands, store brands, retailers' brand. All these terms are synonym for them. Inclination towards private labels is increasing day by day. And this inclination makes customers more loyal and increases the sales of retailers as well. This study is conducted on the big five retailers. In this study loyalty of youth customer is checked out that how much they are aware about the private label brand with the help of analysis of data collected.

Organized retailing is a very good step to take makes our economy strong. After liberalization, organized retailing is on boom. In today's competitive environment, every retailer should be aware of changes occurs in their surroundings to compete with their competition. Retailers have to maintain their customer loyalty, so as to stick with their brand whether it is private label or manufacturer brand. But today private labels or store brands are more preferable than the manufacturer or national brand. Today's youth is more attracted towards these brands as these brands compatible with them in every manner. When it comes to their purchase decision they don't have any plans but go for shopping to pick those apparels which are more comfortable to them as per price, style, quality etc. All these factors plays role in their loyalty towards any brand and these requirements are easily fulfill by the private labels. Different ratings and rankings are given by the youth for their brands which makes the different retailers most preferable and it is easy for retailers as well which helps them in taking their brand in more demand.

O presente trabalho objetiva a criação de um modelo teórico para compreender a experiência vivenciada por consumidores em suas visitas a um Shopping Center e, por conseguinte, a aplicação do modelo desenvolvido para consumidores idosos em Belo Horizonte. Este estudo encontra-se alicerçado em uma estratégia qualitativa de pesquisa, com a finalidade de identificar percepções mais profundas, como sentimentos e emoções, tendo como técnica a análise de conteúdo de 10 entrevistas, com frequentadores de shoppings com idade superior a 65 anos que pudessem ter experiências para relatar o fenômeno pesquisado. Diante do problema de pesquisa apresentado e em relação aos aspectos metodológicos, concluiu-se que a experiência vivenciada por idosos pode ser descrita por experiências estéticas, sociais, escapismo, serviços e diversão.

Visual merchandising is an extremely important element as the first visual cue that affects buying behavior of customers. This study aims to identify determinants of visual merchandising that influence customers’ impulse buying behavior. This study focuses on five elements of visual merchandising which are window display, mannequin display, floor merchandising, promotional signage and lighting. Investigation was conducted at a popular fashion specialty store in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 150 customers' feedback was collected. Results of statistical data analysis show that three out of five visual merchandising elements are important in influencing the customers’ impulse buying behavior. Window display, mannequin display and promotional signage are positively related and identified as determinants of effective visual merchandising for impulse buying decision at the women fashion specialty store. The research outcome extends understanding on the adverse effect of visual me...

Jewellery business is an ever-growing business in developing countries like India irrespective of economic or cultural changes. Though the Jewellery purchase especially golden Jewellery is believed to be an essential investment and for prestige rather than for beautifying purpose.

Impulse buying is defined as "any purchase that a shopper makes and has not been planned in advance" (Bellenger et al., 1978; Stern, 1962). Shopping is an unavoidable moment for tourists. Window display in the retail stores influence tourists for impulse buying. The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of window display in the impulse buying behavior of tourists. The study was conducted by using both primary and secondary data and the primary data were collected from 100 tourists visited Kerala. The result of the study proves that window display in the retail store influence the tourists for impulse buying. The study reveals that the tourists having SSLC qualification are more influenced by window display for impulse buying.

©IJRASET (UGC Approved Journal): All Rights are Reserved matters, are the predominant hindering factors. These factors are solved with due time. This way India will be overcome, the low cost housing problems, & provide the housing rest of 51% population of India with frame work of time.

This study explored consumers‟ use and understanding of food label information and the effect on their purchasing decision in the Kumasi Metropolis. It also investigated the association between socio-demographic factors and the use of food label, the understanding of the information read as well as the type of information sought. The study surveyed 250 consumers who were conveniently selected from five different sub-metros in the metropolis. Questionnaires were formulated to sample data and information from consumers on their use and understanding of Food Label Information. Results suggested that the sample was gender sensitive (57.6% male) with a modal aged group between 15-30 years (60.8%) who had never been married (54.0%), with a greater number who had tertiary education (36.4%) and earning low income between GH¢50- 499 (61.6%). About 79.6% (n=199) of the respondents, recounted accessing food label information before purchase and they read the information occasionally (29.6%) du...

The study aims to explore internet consumption along with participation in meaningful activities, and investigate association between Internet Addiction and Engagement in Meaningful Activities in young adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 50 subjects of 18 to 25 years recruited with purposive sampling. Internet Disorder Scale–Short Form (IDS9-SF), Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey (EMAS) and a personal Performa for demographic variables were administered. A strong negative correlation exists between Internet Addiction and engagement in meaningful activities among young adults. Internet addiction has a negative impact on Engagement in Meaningful Activities (r= 0.610) significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed). Prevalence of Internet Addiction was found to be 46% among participants. Participants' engagement in meaningful activities was reported to be 26 % high, 60% moderate, and 14% low on EMAS. Linear Regression analysis indicated th...

Respondents' perception about the possible changes of best before date (BBD) to the date of the highest quality was the main aim of the survey. The survey consisted out of 1,107 respondents who were grouped according to their demographic characteristics and food labelling preferences. The results of the survey are indicating high acceptance rate towards new labelling, but without clear connection with their preferences. Another aspect of the research emphasised the respondents' perception towards the price of healthier food commodities and revealed that education level has high impact (P < 0.05) on their opinion and considerations. The survey gave important answers on possibility of changes of food labelling by which it would be affected food waste quantities. Certainly, each food type shelf life should be checked and labelled according to food perishability and consumers safeness. The changing of the BBD to the date of the highest quality according to our survey would be broadly accepted among all socio-demographic groups.

The development of e-commerce has increased the popularity of online shopping worldwide. In Malaysia, it was reported that online shopping market size was RM1.8 billion in 2013 and it is estimated to reach RM5 billion by 2015. However, online shopping was rated 11th out of 15 purposes of using internet in 2012. Consumers' perceived risks of online shopping becomes a hot topic to research as it will directly influence users' attitude towards online purchasing, and their attitude will have significant impact to the online purchasing behaviour. The conceptualization of consumers' perceived risk, attitude and online shopping behaviour of this study provides empirical evidence in the study of consumer online behaviour. Four types of risks-product risk, financial, convenience and non-delivery risks-were examined in term of their effect on consumers' online attitude. A web-based survey was employed, and a total of 300 online shoppers of a Malaysia largest online marketplace participated in this study. The findings indicated that product risk, financial and non-delivery risks are hazardous and negatively affect the attitude of online shoppers. Convenience risk was found to have positive effect on consumers' attitude, denoting that online buyers of this site trusted the online seller and they encountered less troublesome with the site. It also implies that consumers did not really concern on non-convenience aspect of online shopping, such as handling of returned products and examine the quality of products featured in the online seller website. The online buyers' attitude was significantly and positively affects their online purchasing behaviour. The findings provide useful model for measuring and managing consumers' perceived risk in internet-based transaction to increase their involvement in online shopping and to reduce their cognitive dissonance in the e-commerce setting.

A populacao mundial esta em rapido processo de envelhecimento, fenomeno que tambem e uma realidade no Brasil, pois, segundo pesquisas recentes do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, a partir do ano 2039 havera mais pessoas idosas do que criancas vivendo no pais e em 2060 um em cada quatro brasileiros tera mais de 65 anos, representando, do ponto de vista do marketing, um mercado consumidor altamente promissor. Neste aspecto, tem se tornado crescente nos ultimos anos pesquisas sobre o comportamento do consumidor idoso, principalmente relacionadas a sua experiencia de compra e aos seus habitos de consumo. Paralelamente, nos ultimos anos, observa-se que o varejo supermercadista vem demonstrando preocupacao com esses clientes diferenciados, alertando para a necessidade de se preparar as lojas para o envelhecimento do consumidor. O presente trabalho e resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com idosos na cidade de Bauru, interior do estado de Sao Paulo, que teve como...

Fires disaster in the Philippines becomes a major concern in recent years, particularly in residential structures. This study explored the experiences of fire victims during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was participated by eight fire victims from Misamis Occidental, the northern part of Mindanao, Philippines. The participants were identified through the snowball sampling method. Moustakas' transcendental phenomenology was used in analyzing the data to come up with four meaningful themes, namely; 1) outpouring support from the community, 2) uncertainty and anxiety of the family situation, 3) guilt and accountability to the incident, and 4) strong faith in God. The results revealed that the participants exhibited a high amount of stress and anxiety during the incident especially that the Philippines are in lockdown due to the pandemic. However, it is highlighted that the result also shows the positive attitude among Filipinos is still alive. It is recommended following: strengthen the campaign of fire prevention, create local fire brigades, and provide psychological assessment and intervention to the fire incident. Lastly, but most importantly, to revive the traditional positive attitude of being a Filipinos.

Dados do IBGE mostram que a populacao brasileira acima de 60 anos esta mais ativa, com renda superior a que se via ha tempos atras, e saude em melhores condicoes, alem de ter crescido 41% nos ultimos 10 anos. Assim, surpreende o fato de muitos varejistas os ignorarem ou coloca-los sob uma mesma perspectiva gerencial que os mais jovens. Esse estudo buscou identificar quais aspectos influenciam o consumidor maduro no processo de escolha do supermercado preferido. Os elementos relacionados ao ambiente (leiaute e atmosfera), a interacao social e ao atendimento mostraram-se como os preferidos na determinacao do supermercado favorito. Alem desses, outros fatores ate entao inexplorados – seguranca, socializacao, saude e bem estar - emergiram de forma espontânea do campo, trazendo contribuicoes ao meio academico e ao varejo.

Although consumers are concerned about their health, obesity statistics suggest that contextual factors often lead them to choose unhealthy alternatives (i.e., vices) rather than healthy ones (i.e., virtues). Noting the increasing prevalence of online grocery shopping, the authors focus on shopping channels as one such contextual factor and investigate how food choices made online differ from food choices made in a traditional brick-and-mortar store. A database study and three lab experiments demonstrate that consumers choose relatively fewer vices in the online shopping environment. Moreover, this shopping channel effect arises because online channels present products symbolically, whereas offline stores present them physically. A symbolic presentation mode decreases the products&#39; vividness, which in turn diminishes consumers&#39; desire to seek instant gratification and ultimately leads them to purchase fewer vices. These findings highlight several unexplored differences betwe...

Water was an important natural resource in the growth of early settlements and it offered many advantages for cities in time. As the availability of water affected the location and the size of the older settlements, the waterfront settlements had always different characteristics throughout the world. The existence of water has also played an important role for “defensibility” and “marketing”. Ports, which are gateway to the outside world of the cities located on the waterfront, are the dominant factors in defence, economic activity and cultural exchange. Cyprus, in the middle of Eastern Mediterranean, is an island whose economy laid on sea trade since Prehistoric times. As this research suggests that spatial pattern of port cities are interrelated with socio-economic, political and socio-cultural parameters; the aim of the study is to reveal the spatial pattern characteristics of Cyprus port cities by analysing the physical layout and syntactic characteristics. Through the prior ana...

In retail industry furniture and furnishing category has become more competitive. There are many players entering into organized format of retail in this category. Therefore, it becomes important for retailers to differentiate themselves from each other. As the products are similar, one of the area in which they can differentiate themselves is store presentation in terms of visual merchandising. To study which dimensions have an impact on purchase behavior of consumers, this study is undertaken. By analyzing the impact of various dimensions of merchandising display such as window display, store front, merchandise presentation, store layout and organization, creative style and trend coordination , signages/graphics and store environment, it is found that window display, store front, store layout and organization (shelf display) and creative style and trend coordination have impact on purchase behavior of consumers.

Destination choice is an essential element in transportation planning processes. The problem is to find the probability that a person traveling from a given origin will choose a destination among many available alternatives. Destination choice models have several challenges including large choice sets, complicated alternative specific attributes and an endogeneity problem. Determining the destination of trips with no fixed destinations such as shopping and recreational trips (unlike mandatory trips) has been a focus of research as soon as the activity/ tour– based paradigms were introduced. Nonetheless, the classic destination choice models have paid little attention to psychological and latent personal attributes of travelers. In the last decade, several studies on shopper behavior in shopping centers have revealed that in addition to observable demographic and socio- economic variables, latent constructs such as psychological variables, lifestyle and the profile of the center are ...

A proposta deste estudo foi descrever e analisar como alunos de graduação em administração percebem o comércio eletrônico, em relação aos aspectos que influenciam e restringem tal consumo. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez alunos do curso de graduação em administração de uma faculdade particular de Belo Horizonte (MG) que utilizam o comércio eletrônico. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível identificar que no que tange os fatores determinantes da escolha pela compra por meio da internet, observou-se que a compra pela internet representa comodidade e facilidade de encontrar os produtos. O principal fator que inibe as pessoas de realizarem compras utilizando o CE é a possibilidade dos dados bancários serem clonados. Para os entrevistados, as pessoas que utilizam o CE são pessoas jovens com um maior nível de conhecimento, escolaridade e que possuem pouco tempo disponível para realizar compras, par...

RESUMO O e-commerce é um tipo de mercado muito utilizado atualmente, por se tratar de uma forma rápida e eficaz de comercialização. Muitas empresas estão aderindo a este mercado, e os consumidores estão cada vez mais ligados a ele. Por isso, buscou-se mostrar a importância e os impactos que este mercado tem sobre a região de Bebedouro-SP. Com o auxílio da pesquisa bibliográfica, questionário e entrevista, foram coletadas informações de diversas fontes, visando facilitar a compreensão sobre o tema e sobre os objetivos estabelecidos, como os benefícios do e-commerce aplicado em uma empresa, o comportamento dos consumidores deste mercado e os resultados apresentados. Por meio de uma entrevista com uma empresa situada na cidade de Pirangi-SP, e de questionários aplicados pela plataforma do Google Forms, foram levantados alguns dados sobre empresa e consumidor dentro do e-commerce, exemplificando o impacto deste mercado na região de Bebedouro-SP. Os resultados esperados estão ligados a absorção de informações sobre o tema por parte do leitor, visando o conhecimento necessário sobre o assunto para que se possam compreender os objetivos do estudo.

In retail industry furniture and furnishing category has become more competitive. There are many players entering into organized format of retail in this category. Therefore, it becomes important for retailers to differentiate themselves from each other. As the products are similar, one of the area in which they can differentiate themselves is store presentation in terms of visual merchandising. To study which dimensions have an impact on purchase behavior of consumers, this study is undertaken. By analyzing the impact of various dimensions of merchandising display such as window display, store front, merchandise presentation, store layout and organization, creative style and trend co-ordination, signages/graphics and store environment, it is found that window display, store front, store layout and organization (shelf display) and creative style and trend co-ordination have impact on purchase behavior of consumers.

Baby food represents a growing segment of the food industry; the baby food labelling issues affect more and more mothers who want to make better and safer nutritional choices. In a continuously improving food labelling regulation environment consumer studies regarding the baby food labelling are very limited. Present article has an exploratory nature and aims to find specific patterns of baby food buying behaviour and labelling preference in Romania and Hungary, and also to reveal the behavioural similarities and differences between the two countries. To meet this aim, a questionnaire-based quantitative research was designed. The sample consists of 993 mothers (590 from Hungary and 403 from Romania) with small children. Results show that there is a difference between Romanian and Hungarian mothers regarding the baby food buying habits. The profile of the mothers buying jarred baby food can be characterised by living in towns, with one or two children, and the propensity to give jarred baby food to their child is growing with their age. The mothers agree that the labels contain tiny, unreadable letters, disordered information, unknown expressions and bad translation. The Hungarian mothers pay more attention to the indication of allergen and to the ingredients list. The most important information cluster they seek on a label is related to product ingredients, the second is related to usage of baby food and the least important are the label design elements. The paper provides insightful results for the producers and policy-makers to improve the baby food label quality to help consumers to make better, healthier and safer food choices for their children.

The study sought to analyze the factors that lead to customer loyalty to fashion brands in Harare, Zimbabwe. The study made use of a qualitative research approach. Data was collected using unstructured interviews and focus group discussions from five managers and ten fashion consumers for five fashion retail shops in Harare selected through the purposive sampling technique. Findings were analyzed thematically. The findings reflected that customer loyalty to fashion brands was mostly influenced by economic conditions such as inflation, wages, market interest rates, demographics, customer satisfaction, decrease in disposable income and buying power. Strategies such as product promotions and provision of flexible hire purchase facilities among other suggestions emerged from the findings as ways to improve customer loyalty and viability of the fashion business. The study recommends fashion retailers to formulate a fashion retailer’s board responsible for organizing forums to discuss iss...

With more and more people becoming fashionconscious including men and with shopping now being looked upon as a leisure activity with Malls and mega-stores becoming a place for hang out rather than shopping, there was a need to profile retail customers based on this. Also with lots of stores coming up in organized sector, measuring customer satisfaction in such stores becomes important. This study focuses on profiling retail customers and measuring their level of satisfaction in the selected stores in the city of Ahmedabad. Primary data has been collected using structured questionnaire. It has been found that visiting retail outlets have become a group activity. Advertisements, friends and Colleagues influence majority of shoppers. Only 80 respondents out of 150 came for shopping inside store, rest came for hang out, enjoy crowd, meeting friends and getting refreshed. Lifestyle was found to have higher level of satisfaction followed by Pantaloons and Westside.

Background Burnout syndrome is psychological condition characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization,and low personal accomplishment ,which translates to inefficient job performance. Due to the prevailing pandemic situation of covid 19 all over the world, has increased tremendous work load on health care professionals. This study assess to find out the prevalence of burnout syndrome among medical interns.

The consumer shopping is to select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods and services, in satisfaction of their needs and wants.Mainly in which shopping is about acquiring needed goods and service. However, modern shoppers buy this to reward themselves, to satisfy psychological needs or to make themselves feel good. Modern shoppers purchase things to make a statement, to show off their personality or to boost their self-esteem. Purchased item have become an affirmation of the psyche. The study was conducted to focus on how the selection of retail chain and the social economic status of the consumer influence the buying behaviorin retail segment.Five behavioral variables namely quality, product criterion, product performance, price and promotions were examined in selected retail garment outlet to retain the customer. A survey questionnaire was developed using adaptation from earlier study done on the similar topic. Survey question was administered to 480 respondents via mass mailing o...