Computer Supported Cooperative Work

The UK has always been at the heart of musical innovation, from the birth of The Beatles to the rise of grime, and today the landscape continues to evolve with fresh voices and diverse sounds. At Vinyl Gold UK, our passion lies in exploring how music shapes culture, inspires communities, and helps listeners discover their next favorite song. In this article, we will dive deep into Music insights London, examine music trends UK, and highlight why a music recommendations blog can be your go-to source for keeping your playlists alive and exciting.

Many of our everyday social interactions involve mobile devices. Yet, these tend to only provide good support for distributed social interactions. Although much HCI and CSCW research has explored how we might support collocated, face-to-face situations using mobile devices, much of this work exists as isolated exemplars of technical systems or interaction designs. This paper draws on a range of such exemplars to develop a practical design framework intended for guiding the design of new mobile experiences for collocated interaction as well as analysing existing ones. Our framework provides four relational perspectives for designing the complex interplay between: the social situation in which it takes place; the technology used and the mechanics inscribed; the physical environment; and the temporal elements of design. Moreover, each perspective features some core properties, which are highly relevant when designing these systems. As part of presenting the framework we also explain the process of its construction along with practical advice on how to read and apply it.

How do we design for quality in use across design borders between material aspects like spaces, places and equipment and immaterial aspects like organisation and information technology? How can users participate in this process, and how can different design professionals participate and cooperate? We are a group of researchers and designers with a background in architecture, systems design, work psychology, educational drama and physical work environment who have formed a project to explore these questions in practice. We all share a commitment to the idea of participation and have for a long time worked with different visualisation methods and techniques including full-scale modelling, prototyping, animation, role playing and future workshops. In the project Design@Work we have combined our efforts and techniques in an "envisionment workshop" (which also include techniques for virtual reality interaction). This paper focuses on our experiences from the fIrst explorative case study carried out in co-operation with workers, technicians and management at a chemical plant. They were planning to build a new control room, to change the work organisation and to automate part of the production.

Sonic City is a wearable system enabling the use of the urban environment as an interface for real-time electronic music making, when walking through and interacting with a city. The device senses everyday interactions and surrounding contexts, and maps this information in real time to the sound processing of urban sounds. We conducted a short-term study with various participants using our prototype in everyday settings. This paper describes the course of the study and preliminary results in terms of how the participants used and experienced the system. These results showed that the city was perceived as the main performer but that the user improvised different tactics and ad hoc interventions to actively influence and participate in how the music was created.

Als Basis und zentrale Plattform der Speicherung und Bearbeitung von Informationen sowie der Kommunikation wird die Groupware Lotus Notes eingesetzt. Erreicht wird durch diesen Einsatz ein aktueller Informations-und Wissensstand, größere Produktivität durch die Vorteile, die Groupware allgemein bietet, wie flexiblere Unterrichtsmethoden, offene Kommunikationskanäle zwischen den Dozenten und den Studenten und die Unabhängigkeit von Zeit und Ort, die die Lehre einer traditionellen Campus-Universität inne hat. 2 UniTEACH Die universitäre Lehre des 20. Jahrhunderts umfaßt nicht mehr nur die traditionsbehaftete face-to-face Vorlesung mit einem Professor als Vortragenden und dem lauschenden Auditorium. Durch Forderungen der Praxis und vielseitige neu gestaltete Präsentationsmöglichkeiten, aber auch durch fortgeschrittene Telekommunikationstechniken und den modernen Einsatz von Computern, hat sich die Lehre zu einem facettenreichen Spektrum entwickelt. Die aktive Kommunikation zwischen den Dozenten und den Lernenden ist dabei nicht mehr nur eine Möglichkeit, sondern hat sich als Voraussetzung für universitäre Lehrveranstaltungen in den Vordergrund gebracht. Die Lehre umfaßt aber nicht nur die Wissensvermittlung und den Know-how-Transfer, sondern fordert umfangreiche administratorische Maßnahmen. Der organisatorische Workflow beginnt mit der Planung der Veranstaltungen, setzt sich mit den semesterbegleitenden Maßnahmen, wie zum Beispiel der Anmeldung zu Seminaren, Projekten oder Projektarbeiten, sowie der Verwaltung der geeigneten Arbeitsmittel fort und endet mit dem gesamten Umfang des Prüfungsmanagements einschließlich der Projekt-und Diplomarbeitsbetreuung. Einige dieser anfallenden Arbeiten werden an der Lehr-und Forschungseinheit WI2 bereits mit den Anwendungen der WI2-Office-Suite abgedeckt wie zum Beispiel die Adreßverwaltung, Betreuungsaufgaben und Lehrveranstaltungsplanungen. Viele Informationen, die dort erfaßt sind, müssen an die Studenten distribuiert werden, aber auch die Dozenten sind auf Daten der Veranstaltungsteilnehmer angewiesen und müssen unter Beachtung der Datenschutzbestimmungen zugänglich verwaltet werden. Da die Applikationen der WI2-Office-Suite ausschließlich den Mitarbeitern der Lehr-und Forschungseinheit zur Verfügung stehen,

Das Workgroup Computing Competence Center Paderborn befaßt sich mit Forschung, Prototyping, Produktentwicklung, Systemeinführung, Projektabwicklung, Technologietransfer, Consulting und Schulung bei Groupware-basierten Anwendungen für betriebliches Informationsmanagement. Gegenstand sind insbesondere Businessund Technologie-Frameworks für Office Systeme, Workgroup Computing, Workflow Management, Projekt Management und Connectivity-Systeme in Client-Server Architekturen. Das Workgroup Computing Competence Center Paderborn besteht aus gemeinsamen Arbeitsteams an der Universität Paderborn und der PAVONE Informationssysteme GmbH Paderborn.

Als Basis und zentrale Plattform der Speicherung und Bearbeitung von Informationen sowie der Kommunikation wird die Groupware Lotus Notes eingesetzt. Erreicht wird durch diesen Einsatz ein aktueller Informations-und Wissensstand, größere Produktivität durch die Vorteile, die Groupware allgemein bietet, wie flexiblere Unterrichtsmethoden, offene Kommunikationskanäle zwischen den Dozenten und den Studenten und die Unabhängigkeit von Zeit und Ort, die die Lehre einer traditionellen Campus-Universität inne hat. 2 UniTEACH Die universitäre Lehre des 20. Jahrhunderts umfaßt nicht mehr nur die traditionsbehaftete face-to-face Vorlesung mit einem Professor als Vortragenden und dem lauschenden Auditorium. Durch Forderungen der Praxis und vielseitige neu gestaltete Präsentationsmöglichkeiten, aber auch durch fortgeschrittene Telekommunikationstechniken und den modernen Einsatz von Computern, hat sich die Lehre zu einem facettenreichen Spektrum entwickelt. Die aktive Kommunikation zwischen den Dozenten und den Lernenden ist dabei nicht mehr nur eine Möglichkeit, sondern hat sich als Voraussetzung für universitäre Lehrveranstaltungen in den Vordergrund gebracht. Die Lehre umfaßt aber nicht nur die Wissensvermittlung und den Know-how-Transfer, sondern fordert umfangreiche administratorische Maßnahmen. Der organisatorische Workflow beginnt mit der Planung der Veranstaltungen, setzt sich mit den semesterbegleitenden Maßnahmen, wie zum Beispiel der Anmeldung zu Seminaren, Projekten oder Projektarbeiten, sowie der Verwaltung der geeigneten Arbeitsmittel fort und endet mit dem gesamten Umfang des Prüfungsmanagements einschließlich der Projekt-und Diplomarbeitsbetreuung. Einige dieser anfallenden Arbeiten werden an der Lehr-und Forschungseinheit WI2 bereits mit den Anwendungen der WI2-Office-Suite abgedeckt wie zum Beispiel die Adreßverwaltung, Betreuungsaufgaben und Lehrveranstaltungsplanungen. Viele Informationen, die dort erfaßt sind, müssen an die Studenten distribuiert werden, aber auch die Dozenten sind auf Daten der Veranstaltungsteilnehmer angewiesen und müssen unter Beachtung der Datenschutzbestimmungen zugänglich verwaltet werden. Da die Applikationen der WI2-Office-Suite ausschließlich den Mitarbeitern der Lehr-und Forschungseinheit zur Verfügung stehen,

An Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) is a device that is a giant tactile and projection screen. It can be considered as one of the main elements for pedagogical innovation with information technology. IWB allows to transform the classical classroom environment into a working and learning interactive environment. This pedagogical tool is particularly pertinent in higher school especially in scientific teaching where it allows to better illustrate scientific approach thanks to the ability to record annotations in association with a time line. If the use of IWB seems to be natural in lecture, it can also be used in tutorial and practical class where collaborative work is particularly important. The collaborative ability is closely tied to the softwares used. Few software have functionalities aimed at facilitate collaborative work. This feature is the main issue of this article. To develop this ability, a multi-agent approach has been chosen. Multi-agent systems approach is one of the most interesting thanks to its intrinsic properties and features such as simplicity, flexibility, reliability, self-organization/emergent phenomena, low cost agent design and adaptation skills,... This paper presents the solution developed in order to make IWB able to communicate with each other.

Das Projekt COSMA (Cooperative Schedule Management Agent) verfolgt das Ziel, einen maschinellen Sekretariatsassistenten zu erstellen, der Termine mit mehreren Teilnehmern uber elektronische Post in naturlicher Sprache weitgehend selbstandig vereinbart. COSMA stellt naturlichsprachlichen Service fur autonome maschinelle Terminplanungs-Agenten zur Verfugung. Eine Anbindung an unterschiedliche kommerzielle Softwareprodukte zur Terminverwaltung konnte die Generalisierbarkeit der in COSMA verfolgten Ansatze nachhaltig plausibel machen. In der hier dokumentierten Untersuchung wurden im Zeitraum Marz bis Mai 1995 auf dem deutschen Markt befindlichen Produkte untersucht und bewertet. Einige ermoglichen den Zugang zu ihren Termindaten uber eine allgemeine Programmierschnittstelle; doch keines stellt Agentenfahigkeit zur Verfugung: Alle Planungs-und Entscheidungsvorgange bleiben dem Benutzer uberlassen. Eine Einbindung in COSMA ist in vielen Fallen technisch moglich, aber erst nach Entwicklun...

Digital libraries need to provide and extend traditional library services in the digital environment. This paper presents a project that will provide and extend library services through the development of a sharium-a workspace with rich content and powerful tools where people can collaborate with others or work independently to explore information resources, learn, and solve their information problems. A sharium is a learning environment that combines the features of a collaboratory, where people collectively engage in research by sharing rich information resources, and a local library, where people come to meet, find information resources, and discuss common interests. To achieve this, collaboration services that build on synchronous and asynchronous communication technology should be integrated with other digital library services, including searching, browsing, and information management and authoring services. This paper presents our motivation for providing collaboration services and describes the types of collaboration services that will be included in the digital library.

This paper proposes requirements necessary for designing future collaborative writing tools to support distributed work teams on the Internet. Requirements are proposed from literature, and then compared to previous and existing CW tools such as Microsoft Word™. Because no tool adequately addresses the needs of distributed CW teams, a new CW tool called Collaboratus is proposed and reviewed.

We analyze how physically collocated teams work together now and what services they require to work together across distances, focusing on real time interactions because those interactions justify collocating teams today. We explain how Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) are organized in system development programs and how their physical collocation facilitates communication, collaboration, and coordination within the team. Interactions within IPTs take two forms: scheduled meetings and opportunistic interactions. Scenarios of scheduled IPTs meetings help motivate and identify requirements for supporting distributed meetings. Opportunistic interactions are far more common than scheduled meetings and more difficult to observe and analyze because they are not scheduled or predictable.

We present ARCHIE, a interdisciplinary research project of the Expertise Centre for Digital Media (University of Hasselt) and the Gallo-Roman Museum of Tongeren (Province of Limburg) which aims to discover how a handheld guide can be used to enhance the museum learning experience. Because we stress on the important role of social interaction as a prerequisite for intellectual, social, personal and cultural development; one of the main objectives of the ARCHIE project is to encourage and stimulate interaction with the ...

Effective collaboration is at the heart of simulation modelling. By looking at the investigations undertaken within other discipline domains, e.g. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), we highlight methodologies issues that could be applied in the area of simulation modelling to support a more effective project timeline and to stimulate a discussion about the next generation of tools for collaborative simulation.

We report findings from a study of call centre staff working to deliver a telecare service designed to enable older people to 'age in place'. We show the steps they routinely take to produce a care system on behalf of their clients and their families that is both workable within the constraints of available resources and fit-for-purpose. In doing so, we have seen how call centre staff share with one another their experiences and solutions to problems, carry out liaison work with networks of lay carers, and generally act as the 'glue' providing the all-important link between otherwise fragmented services. We conclude with some thoughts on the significant technical and organizational challenges if the 'ageing in place' vision is to be realized in a practical, secure, dependable and cost-effective way.

O presente artigo objetiva analisar até que ponto as compras públicas podem ser agilizadas com a introdução das técnicas do trabalho colaborativo, a fim de controlar a informação de modo consistente, eliminar as tarefas improdutivas e a burocracia desnecessária e, como consequência, aumentar a eficiência e a qualidade do processo. Para comprovar os dados pesquisados, realizou-se um estudo de caso na seção de compras de uma Instituição Federal com o intuito de introduzir as técnicas do trabalho colaborativo suportado por computador (Computer Supported Collaborative Work -CSCW), por meio da ferramenta de workflow, nas compras governamentais que praticam a modalidade de licitação de pregão eletrônico. Os dados colhidos e testados demonstraram que a implantação dessa ferramenta tornará o processo de compras da Instituição mais rápido e eficiente, indicando que é possível quebrar o paradigma da cultura burocrática que permeia as compras governamentais. Palavras-chave: 1) trabalho colaborativo, 2) compras públicas, 3) workflow, 4) pregão eletrônico.

ABSTRACT Archaeology is a domain of work where photographs play a relevant role: here they are used in different phases of the archaeological work for many purposes, some of which are common to other domains or to home usage (e.g., archiving). We focus our attention on one of the initial phases of the archaeological process, namely excavation, since the related activities use photographs in a very particular way and under the constraints of a very demanding physical setting. Moreover, in this phase the use of digitized photographs is recent, and in their adoption they are interestingly combined with photographs printed on paper. This paper presents the results of a study performed at an archaeological site in the south of Italy: it reports the observed collocated collaborative practices surrounding photographs and discusses these practices to identify some functionalities of a supportive technology.

Wayne G. Lutters, Department of Information and Computer Science and Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, University of California, Irvine, lutters@ics.uci.edu ... Mark S. Ackerman, Department of Information and Computer ...

Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) are gaining visibility in the field of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). The purpose of a CVE is to provide affordances in order to reproduce conditions that augment interpersonal interaction in a physical ...

We show the special role that the concept of context plays in collaboration, specially on aspects of communication, interaction and knowledge sharing, reflecting on group work productivity, quality and satisfaction. In this work we address the representation and dynamics of context discussing its implications and opportunities to improving collaborative work support.

A virtual whiteboard prototype, called Interactive Virtual whiteboard (IVBoard) was developed for online discussion and decision-making purposes. The IVBoard is a Computer-supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) application, built to enable up to 50 users ...

This mini-tutorial describes how an end-user would set up and run GroupKit applications. We shall run th Minimalist Brainstormer, a simple brainstorming tool that allows users to enter ideas in an entry box and put them into a shared listbox. By the end of this tutorial, you should be able to run any existing GroupKit application. The first step to running a GroupKit application is installing GroupKit. Follow the instructions in the README file that comes with the GroupKit package to install GroupKit.

In collaborative environments, coordination is an essential matter to the specification of activities, which are described as sets of interdependent tasks. An extensible framework encompassing coordination mechanisms to specify tasks interdependencies is initially presented. These mechanisms are formally modeled using Petri nets and, along with a Petri net representation for the tasks to be performed, can be used to create a model to evaluate the environment. The use of this framework is illustrated in the context of a learning environment based on collaborative Web document construction.

The coordination of interdependencies among activities in collaborative environments is a very important and difficult task. In this paper we present a set of coordination mechanisms for the specification and control of interaction among collaborative activities. To model these mechanisms, we use high level Petri nets, which have proven to be an adequate approach to evaluate the behavior of a computer supported collaborative system before its implementation.

[This is an English translation of the summary report on the findings of the IDAK project from 2001, an important Danish Participatory Design project carried out in collaboration with and under the leadership of partners in the Danish trade union movement]

The report is based on studies of the work of production groups in five very different Danish industrial companies and summarizes these studies.
The first part of the report shows that the production groups in the five companies differ significantly in terms of their role in production and their organization.
However, there are also notable common features. The tasks of the production groups are highly varied and diverse. They perform duties that might be classified as personnel administration. They prepare staffing plans and allocate work. They adjust production schedules — modify, correct, and redo them. They move production orders to other machines, delay or expedite them. They ensure that materials, tools, and drawings arrive on time. They collect data, formulate experiences, and improve processes. And so on. Not all production groups perform all of these tasks all the time, but this is the clear picture that emerges.
The production groups extensively use existing IT systems in their work: for production planning, production control and follow-up, personnel administration, etc. However, the systems are not designed for this purpose. Planning systems do not support local decisionmaking. All too often, the systems are cumbersome and even confusing to use. Despite large investments in IT infrastructure, paperwork is often still extensive.
The second part of the report therefore outlines a series of requirements for IT systems that should be capable of supporting the delegation of responsibility and authority in production.
The systems must support the variation and diversity of tasks. It should be possible at the user level to adapt and expand the systems according to changing local needs.
The plans expressed by an IT system will always be abstract and incomplete. They must always be translated into practice under conditions that may require adjustments or revisions. Unforeseen situations will also inevitably arise, requiring plan modifications. IT systems must therefore support production groups in these tasks. Based on the available data, the system should propose a plan, but as a rule, the production group must be able to change the production schedule, rearrange the sequence, move orders to other machines, modify staffing, and so forth.
The production group should not merely be allowed to improvise. These are often very complex situations. The group must also be supported in this task. IT systems should help provide an overview of how a change might impact the situation the following day or in other parts of the production process. Similarly, the systems should help assess whether the current situation aligns with expectations: Are the goods arriving on time? Are we behind schedule? Are the recipients ready?
Finally, production groups have several important tasks related to communication and experience-sharing. These are often best handled through direct conversation. However, IT systems can serve as useful communication tools and as means for organizing and managing large collections of documents and data.

As computing devices become ubiquitous and increasingly mobile, it is becoming apparent that the directed peerto-peer communication model has shortcomings for many forms of distributed interprocess communication. Undirected communication, including content-based messaging, is becoming increasingly common. This paper examines the issues involved in supporting content-based messaging to both mobile devices and users using a combination of connected and mobile (possibly disconnected) devices. These issues include persistence, multi-client shared subscriptions, non-destructive notification receipt, and notification expiry. The discussion is placed in the context of the development of a proxy-server to provide disconnectedness support for the Elvin content-based messaging service.

This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version.

They appeared in our life some years ago with the awakening of the PC and now the are everywhere : computers have become ubiquitous and, almost, irreplaceable. Classical ways of creating, managing and exchanging information have been progressively replaced by electronic means. In spite of this plebiscite, computer supported collaborative work (CSCW) softwares can be blamed for requiring the user to do an effort to use them. This paper describes an artificial ant based autonomous information dissemination algorithm. It constitutes the communication layer of our framework PIAF ("Personal Intelligent Agent Framework") intended to help users transparently sharing information. The algorithm uses message gossiping strategy to transfer information items between users.

The integration of chatbots into corporate environments is progressively reshaping managerial experiences by simulating human-like interactions in workplace settings. This study investigates the internal utilisation of chatbots to enhance managerial efficiency within a South African fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) organisation. Employing a qualitative research design, the study examines managerial perceptions, preferences, and challenges associated with chatbot adoption. Semi-structured interviews with 20 managers were conducted, although only 12 interviews were included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that 83% of participants perceived the chatbot's effectiveness positively. However, individual preferences varied, with some managers valuing the chatbot's efficiency while others favoured human interaction, particularly for complex or sensitive matters. These insights underscore the necessity for organisations to tailor chatbot integration strategies to suit diverse managerial needs, ensuring a balanced and optimised experience. Despite chatbots being a remarkable AI technology, their full potential within the South African business landscape remains underexplored and not entirely comprehended.

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is a critical component in modern cybersecurity, providing organizations with the necessary information to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to cyber threats. This paper explores the comprehensive process of CTI, encompassing the gathering, analyzing, and utilizing of threat data to enhance security measures. Gathering threat data involves sourcing information from various channels such as Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Technical Intelligence (TECHINT), and dark web sources. Utilizing advanced tools like threat intelligence platforms (TIPs), Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, and network monitoring tools is essential to collect and validate the vast amounts of data. Analyzing this data requires robust methodologies including machine learning algorithms, pattern recognition, and behavioral analysis to detect anomalies and understand attack vectors. Threat modeling and assessment are crucial for attributing threats to specific actors and prioritizing risks. Tools like TIPs and visualization platforms aid in making sense of the data and facilitating decision-making processes. Utilizing the analyzed threat data strategically involves informing security policies and enhancing organizational awareness. Tactically, CTI is vital for incident response, proactive defense measures, and vulnerability management. Operational use integrates CTI into continuous monitoring and Security Operations Center (SOC) activities. Additionally, sharing threat intelligence with industry peers and participating in information-sharing communities fosters a collaborative defense against cyber threats. Case studies highlight successful CTI implementations and lessons learned from significant cyber incidents, underscoring the practical value of CTI. Despite its benefits, CTI faces challenges such as the evolving threat landscape, technological advancements, and resource gaps. Addressing these issues and staying abreast of future trends is crucial for maintaining effective cybersecurity. This paper emphasizes the importance of CTI in empowering organizations to stay ahead of cyber adversaries through informed and proactive security strategies.

National Science Foundation support for scientific cyberinfrastructure dates to the 1960s. Since about 2000, however, efforts in cyberinfrastructure development have gathered momentum, guided by an increasingly comprehensive vision. Yet assembling the range of NSF-sponsored projects into a genuine infrastructure -highly reliable, widely accessible basic capabilities and services supporting the full range of scientific work -remains an elusive goal. Close study of other infrastructures, from railroads and electric power grids to telephone, cellular services, and the Internet, provides insights that can help guide and consolidate the NSF vision. Since the 1980s, historians, sociologists, and information scientists have been studying how and why infrastructures form and evolve; how they work; and how they (sometimes) disintegrate or fail. In September 2006, a three-day NSF-funded workshop on "History and Theory of Infrastructure: Lessons for New Scientific Cyberinfrastructures" took place at the University of Michigan. Participants included experts in social and historical studies of infrastructure development, and domain scientists, information scientists, and NSF program officers involved in building, using, and funding cyberinfrastructure. The goal was to distill concepts, stories, metaphors, and parallels that might help realize the NSF vision for scientific cyberinfrastructure. This report summarizes the workshop findings, and outlines a research agenda for the future. Social and historical analyses reveal some base-level tensions that complicate the work of infrastructural development. These include: • Time, e.g. short-term funding decisions vs. the longer time scales over which infrastructures typically grow and take hold • Scale, e.g. disconnects between global interoperability and local optimization • Agency, e.g. navigating processes of planned vs. emergent change in complex and multiply-determined systems. Such complications challenge simple notions of infrastructure building as a planned, orderly, and mechanical act. They also suggest that boundaries between technical and social solutions are mobile, in both directions: the path between the technological and the social is not static and there is no one correct mapping. Robust cyberinfrastructure will develop only when social, organizational, and cultural issues are resolved in tandem with the creation of technology-based services. Sustained and proactive attention to these concerns will be critical to long-term success. Dynamics. Historical infrastructures -the automobile/gasoline/roadway system, electrical grids, railways, telephony, and most recently the Internet -become ubiquitous, accessible, reliable, and transparent as they mature. The initial stage in infrastructure formation is system-building, characterized by the deliberate and successful design of technology-based services. Next, technology transfer across domains and locations results in variations on the original design, as well as the emergence of competing systems. Infrastructures typically form only when these various systems merge, in a process of consolidation characterized by gateways that allow dissimilar systems to be linked into networks. In this phase, standardization and inter-organizational communication techniques are critical. As multiple systems assemble into networks, and Understanding Infrastructure ii networks into webs or "internetworks," early choices constrain the options available moving forward, creating what historical economists call "path dependence. Tensions. Transparent, reliable infrastructural services create vast benefits, but there are always losers as well as winners in infrastructure formation. Questions of ownership, management, control, and access are always present. For example: • Who decides on rules and conventions for sharing, storing, and preserving data? • Local variation vs. global standards: how do we resolve frictions between localized routines and cultures that stand in the way of effective collaboration? • How can national cyberinfrastructure development move forward without compromising possibilities for international or even global infrastructure formation? Design. These and other tensions inherent to infrastructure growth present imperatives to develop navigation strategies that recognize the likelihood of unforeseen (and potentially negative) path dependence and/or institutional or cultural barriers to adoption. Cyberinfrastructure seeks to enable a decentralized research environment that: 1) permits distributed collaboration; 2) provides incentives for participation at all levels; and 3) encourages the advancement of cross-boundary and interdisciplinary scholarship. Since all three of these goals are simultaneously social and organizational in nature and central to the technical base, designing effective navigation strategies will depend on strategic collaborations between social, domain, and information scientists. In particular, comparative studies of cyberinfrastructure projects can reveal key factors in success (and failure). Research on practices of standardization and modularity can help retain the openness, flexibility, and broad-scale usability of cyberinfrastructure, minimizing the path-dependent effects of standard-setting. Recommendations: NSF should consider action in three broad areas. • Learning from cyberinfrastructure. By applying well-understood evaluation tools, we can assess and compare existing cyberinfrastructure projects, both in the US and abroad. The resulting knowledge can be used to improve reporting mechanisms and incentive structures. Cyberinfrastructure projects can also be instrumented to collect social and organizational data. • Improving cyberinfrastructural practice. Social science research can assist with NSF goals of training and enrolling professionals into the cyberinfrastructure-based research agenda. These goals may be achieved in part by improving diagnostics for current research environments, providing direct training for information managers, graduate students, and early-career faculty, and developing funding structures that support work on multiple time scales.

Group work is a necessary element of engineering education and group members need information about one another, group process, shared attention and mutual understanding during group discussions. There are several important elements for establishing and maintaining a group discussion such as participant’s role, seating arrangement, verbal and non-verbal cues, eye gaze, gestures etc. The present study investigates these elements for identifying the behavior of group members in a blend of traditional face-to-face discussion along with computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) setting. The results of this study have shown that, speaking duration is the key factor for identifying the leadership in a group and participants mostly used eye gazes for turn taking. Although this study is a mix of face-to-face and CSCW discussion setting, participants mostly behave like faceto- face group discussion. However, unlike the previous studies involving face-to-face discussion, the relation between...

Increasingly, organizations are geographically distributed with activities coordinated and integrated through the use of information technology. Such organizations face constant change and the corresponding need for continual learning and renewal of their workers. In this paper we describe a system called PHelpS (Peer Help System) that facilitates workers in carrying out such ìlife long learningî. When a worker runs into difficulty in carrying out a task, PHelpS provides a list of other workers who are ready, willing and able to help him or her. The worker then selects a particular helper with PHelpS supporting the subsequent help interaction. The PHelpS system acts as a facilitator to stimulate learning and collaboration, rather than as a directive agent imposing its perspectives on the workers.

Purpose The overall aim of this study is to explore factors associated with academic performance among university students. Specifically, it explores whether a supportive study climate is directly related to academic performance and whether students’ psychological capital (PsyCap), positive emotions and study engagement play a role in the relationship between supportive study climate and academic performance. Design/methodology/approach A total of 588 bachelor students from a range of academic programs participated in a survey. The partial least squares (PLS)-based structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the conceptual models and the hypothesized relationships, using the software SmartPLS. Findings No support was found for a direct relationship between supportive study climate and academic performance. However, the results show that PsyCap, positive emotions and study engagement have a mediating role between supportive study climate and academic performance. In addition,...

transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.

For more than nine years "ProSEC -The Research Group on HCI and CSCW" is working in the fields of Human-Computer Interaction and Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Our mission is to develop concepts and tools for improved human cooperation and learning. The group works interdisciplinarily on the design and evaluation of computer supported systems which will enhance human creativity, efficiency and the quality of work live. Currently, the group consists of eight scientists, twelve employed students, several diploma candidates, and two administrative staffs. The members of the group have backgrounds in computer science, mathematics, psychology, sociology, organizational science and economics. Being actually attached to the University of Bonn's department of computer science, the group is nevertheless financially self-contained. All its yearly budget of currently about DM 1.3 Mio is gained from research projects granted by the Commission of the EU, the German Federal Government, the State Government of Northrhine-Westfalia and private companies.

Aspects related to the users' cooperative work are not considered in the traditional approach of software engineering, since the user is viewed independently of his/her workplace environment or group, with the individual model generalized to the study of collective behavior of all users. This work proposes a process for software requirements to address issues involving cooperative work in information systems that provide distributed coordination in the users' actions and the communication among them occurs indirectly through the data entered while using the software. To achieve this goal, this research uses ergonomics, the 3C cooperation model, awareness and software engineering concepts. Action-research is used as a research methodology applied in three cycles during the development of a corporate workflow system in a technological research company. This article discusses the third cycle, which corresponds to the process that deals with the refinement of the cooperative work requirements with the software in actual use in the workplace, where the inclusion of a computer system changes the users' workplace, from the face to face interaction to the interaction mediated by the software. The results showed that the highest degree of users' awareness about their activities and other system users contribute to a decrease in their errors and in the inappropriate use of the system.

Recently, advanced information technologies have opened new possibilities for collaborative designs. In this paper, a Web-based collaborative design environment is proposed, where heterogeneous design applications can be integrated with a common interface, managed dynamically for publishing and searching, and communicated with each other for integrated multi-objective design. The CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) is employed as an implementation tool to enable integration and communication of design application programs; and the XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is used as a common data descriptive language for data exchange between heterogeneous applications and for resource description and recording. This paper also introduces the implementation of the system and the encapsulating issues of existing legacy applications. At last, an example of gear design based on the system is illustrated to identify the methods and procedure developed by this research.

In this paper we describe a software tool that allows investigators to make comparisons across different online forums and media by analyzing word counts in userspecified categories. Using a large sample of messages from a bipolar support chatroom, we demonstrate how this tool can be used to characterize the nature of the discourse and compare it to other media, to analyze relationships among different word categories, and to characterize changes in visitors' discourse over time. Future plans for adding functionality to the software and using external data for additional validation are also discussed.

We present a system integrating gesture and live video to support collaboration on physical tasks. The architecture combines network IP cameras, desktop PCs, and tablet PCs to allow a remote helper to draw on a video feed of a workspace as he/she provides task instructions. A gesture recognition component enables the system both to normalize freehand drawings to facilitate communication with remote partners and to use pen-based input as a camera control device. Results of a preliminary user study suggest that our gesture over video communication system enhances task performance over traditional video-only systems. Implications for the design of multimodal systems to support collaborative physical tasks are also discussed.

The principles of design justice emerged over several years from close study of and with organized, community-based responses. However, design that impacts people's day-to-day economic reality is often practiced not in community organizations, but in corporate enterprises such as auto insurance companies. How might we apply design justice principles with integrity in corporate contexts where 'the' 'community' is more absent or abstract? We as a group of 12 designers and design researchers who met through the Design Justice Network decided to explore this question and build a community of practice. On September 13th, 2020, we facilitated a scenario-based workshop for other DJN members on how to apply design justice at work. 64 participants formed breakout groups in which they reflected on fictitious scenarios about struggling with power and equity and then proposed ideas, strategies, and tools for the job based on their work experience. We found a majority of responses at the macro level, such as stakeholders mapping and identifying gatekeepers. Only a minority of responses focused on individual interventions such as checklists, and almost all of these were proposed in the context of influencing peers. We are still exploring how we might reorient the current focus on "doing ethics" less in terms of who in a company "owns" the conversation (e.g., designated specialists or committees), and more in terms of how designers and design researchers working along the production line can build power and gain control over processes and decisions, collectively. Our work ahead includes packaging up our workshop for peers to facilitate with their own coworkers and networks, and to build our community of practice with more scenarios and responses that help advance design justice.

Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) have long studied how technology can support material and relational aspects of care work, typically in clinical healthcare settings. More recently, we see increasing recognition of care work such as informal healthcare provision, child and elderly care, organizing and advocacy, domestic work, and service work. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored long-present tensions between the deep necessity and simultaneous devaluation of our care infrastructures. This highlights the need to attend to the broader social, political, and economic systems that shape care work and the emerging technologies being used in care work. This leads us to ask several critical questions: What counts as care work and why? How is care work (de)valued, (un)supported, or coerced under capitalism and to what end? What narratives drive the push for technology in care work and whom does it benefit? How does care work resist or build resilience against and within oppressive * Both authors contributed equally to this workshop proposal.

Ethics on the Internet has been a widely debated topic in recent years covering issues that range from privacy to security to fraud. Little, however, has been written on more subtle ethical questions, such as the exploitation of web technologies to inhibit or avoid customer service. Increasingly some firms are using websites to create distance between them and their customer base in specific areas of their operations, while simultaneously developing excellence in sales transaction committal via self-service. This chapter takes a magnifying glass with an ethical lens to one sector -the low-cost, web-based, self-service airline industry, specifically in Ireland. It is noted that the teaching of information systems development (ISD) and, for the most part its practice, assumes ethicality. Similarly, marketing courses focus on satisfying customer needs more effectively and efficiently within the confines of an acceptable ethos. This chapter observes that while these business disciplines are central to the success of self-service websites, there is a disconnect between the normative view and the actuality of practice.

This paper analyzes the role of the two communication modes in cooperative work: synchronous and asynchronous. While it is natural and indispensable that both modes be used together, most existing groupware handles only one or the other, which reduces the effectiveness of cooperation. This hypothesis is confirmed by defining an argument model that uses the concept of cooperative effects and using it to analyze a decisionmaking discussion consisting of both synchronous face-toface meetings and asynchronous electronic mail meetings. Several discussion characteristics using both modes are identified and the need for and the requirements for an integrated support system are clarified.

This paper analyzes the role of the two communication modes in cooperative work: synchronous and asynchronous. While it is natural and indispensable that both modes be used together, most existing groupware handles only one or the other, which reduces the effectiveness of cooperation. This hypothesis is confirmed by defining an argument model that uses the concept of cooperative effects and using it to analyze a decisionmaking discussion consisting of both synchronous face-toface meetings and asynchronous electronic mail meetings. Several discussion characteristics using both modes are identified and the need for and the requirements for an integrated support system are clarified.

Crowdsourcing markets provide workers with a centralized place to find paid work. What may not be obvious at first glance is that, in addition to the work they do for pay, crowd workers also have to shoulder a variety of unpaid invisible labor in these markets, which ultimately reduces workers' hourly wages. Invisible labor includes finding good tasks, messaging requesters, or managing payments. However, we currently know little about how much time crowd workers actually spend on invisible labor or how much it costs them economically. To ensure a fair and equitable future for crowd work, we need to be certain that workers are being paid fairly for all of the work they do. In this paper, we conduct a field study to quantify the invisible labor in crowd work. We build a plugin to record the amount of time that 100 workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk dedicate to invisible labor while completing 40,903 tasks. If we ignore the time workers spent on invisible labor, workers' median hourly wage was $3.76. But, we estimated that crowd workers in our study spent 33% of their time daily on invisible labor, dropping their median hourly wage to $2.83. We found that the invisible labor differentially impacts workers depending on their skill level and workers' demographics. The invisible labor category that took the most time and that was also the most common revolved around workers having to manage their payments. The second most time-consuming invisible labor category involved hyper-vigilance, where workers vigilantly watched over requesters' profiles for newly posted work or vigilantly searched for labor. We hope that through our paper, the invisible labor in crowdsourcing becomes more visible, and our results help to reveal the larger implications of the continuing invisibility of labor in crowdsourcing.