Cognitive Autonomy and Social Orientation

This paper explores the transformation of human identity in the digital age through a generational coding framework (G⁰–G³). It argues that predictive algorithms have shifted identity formation from social and cultural contexts to data-driven environments. Drawing on surveillance capitalism, psychopolitics, and dataism, the study introduces the concept of algorithmic sovereignty as a new symbolic and geopolitical force. Through theoretical analysis and applied case interventions in education, politics, and justice, the paper calls for ethical and legal governance of algorithmic influence on selfhood and autonomy.

Competition for funding has prompted nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) to adopt marketing and other business-oriented practices to survive. Although certain NPOs have begun to implement marketing strategies, long-term sustainability continues to be a problem. This paper explores the degree to which NPOs in the healthcare industry use marketing strategies to attain sustainability. The data collection and analysis were carried out qualitatively. Data gathering methods included a literature study, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Thematic and content analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the findings, nonprofits cannot successfully implement marketing strategies and business methods due to a lack of marketing know-how, expertise, and donor funding. This paper may benefit NPOs, donors, and stakeholders who support the operations of NPOs. Nonprofit organizations will, for instance, have a better understanding of the significant and positive impact marketing s...

Competition for funding has prompted nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) to adopt marketing and other business-oriented practices to survive. Although certain NPOs have begun to implement marketing strategies, long-term sustainability continues to be a problem. This paper explores the degree to which NPOs in the healthcare industry use marketing strategies to attain sustainability. The data collection and analysis were carried out qualitatively. Data gathering methods included a literature study, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Thematic and content analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the findings, nonprofits cannot successfully implement marketing strategies and business methods due to a lack of marketing know-how, expertise, and donor funding. This paper may benefit NPOs, donors, and stakeholders who support the operations of NPOs. Nonprofit organizations will, for instance, have a better understanding of the significant and positive impact marketing strategies have on their organizations' growth and sustainability. Furthermore, the paper recommends measures that NPOs can take to address the limiting factors and improve sustainability. The article ends by outlining further research options that will assist other academics engaged in this field.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a country with high natural resources but it has suffered from decades of civil wars and social turmoil being heavily aid-dependent. In the DRC, several Non-For-Profit Organizations (NPOs) are major players in fighting poverty and enhancing welfare. This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of small NPOs in improving poor peoples' lives through health, education and economic activities. Two NPOs working in the DRC, one in a rural and the other in an urban area, are compared by researching the aid sites and surveying 201 households (aid beneficiaries). Our case observations and the survey results facilitate analysing the mission accomplishment, effectiveness and accountability of the NPOs although we admit that the DRC conditions make exact measurements difficult. Multivariate analyses are used to study the differences in aid impacts. There are significant differences in the beneficiaries' perception of the NPO effectiveness in improving health while no significant differences in education impact were found. This is probably because both case NPOs have succeeded in getting a large proportion of the children of their area registered in the education centres created by the NPOs. Differences were observed in the accountability and reporting style of the NPOs.

This case study investigates the criteria for organizational effectiveness in non-profit organizations (NPOs) with the aim to determine how the elements of sustainability fit within the criteria. To achieve this, the study utilized the research questions: "what criteria do NPOs use to evaluate their effectiveness?" and "how is sustainability embedded in NPO effectiveness?" The research design was interpretivist, adopting focus group interviews to obtain data. Specifically, two focus group interviews were held with the top management of an NPO which revealed that both financial and non-financial criteria were equally essential for NPO effectiveness. This finding is consistent with the literature, although it contradicts the initial assumption of the study that NPO effectiveness was based more on non-financial criteria than financial criteria. The study also found that the effectiveness of an NPO should be viewed in two ways: firstly, "the full achievement of its mandate" and, secondly, "the ability to run business projects to cover cost." It also emerged that both the ability to cover costs and the achievement of a mandate should be done in a sustainable manner (a sustainable manner is seen as one that is harmonious with the natural and the socio-political environment). The results of this paper present a practical case for the management of NPOs by reiterating that the full achievement of the NPO mandate and the successful running of social projects to generate funds for sustainability are key elements of effectiveness. Given the essential role that NPOs play in developing countries, this study has

This case study investigates the criteria for organizational effectiveness in non-profit organizations (NPOs) with the aim to determine how the elements of sustainability fit within the criteria. To achieve this, the study utilized the research questions: "what criteria do NPOs use to evaluate their effectiveness?" and "how is sustainability embedded in NPO effectiveness?" The research design was interpretivist, adopting focus group interviews to obtain data. Specifically, two focus group interviews were held with the top management of an NPO which revealed that both financial and non-financial criteria were equally essential for NPO effectiveness. This finding is consistent with the literature, although it contradicts the initial assumption of the study that NPO effectiveness was based more on non-financial criteria than financial criteria. The study also found that the effectiveness of an NPO should be viewed in two ways: firstly, "the full achievement of its mandate" and, secondly, "the ability to run business projects to cover cost." It also emerged that both the ability to cover costs and the achievement of a mandate should be done in a sustainable manner (a sustainable manner is seen as one that is harmonious with the natural and the socio-political environment). The results of this paper present a practical case for the management of NPOs by reiterating that the full achievement of the NPO mandate and the successful running of social projects to generate funds for sustainability are key elements of effectiveness. Given the essential role that NPOs play in developing countries, this study has

The social economy (SE) has emerged as an interesting alternative for dealing with social problems. However, there are some concerns related to the abilities of these institutions regarding accountability. Thus, the present work aimed to determine if private social solidarity institutions (IPSS) are prepared to meet management requirements by increasing their accountability. In Portugal, IPSS are social economy organisations. Using an exploratory focus, we conducted qualitative research on 31 Portuguese IPSS. Interviews with those responsible for these entities took place between June and July 2019. The interviews were guided based on a semistructured script that was created based on a literature review. After content analysis, it was found that, in most of the institutions interviewed, the board does not use management tools, such as performance analysis, social impact assessments, strategic planning, and quality management systems, even though they recognise the importance of usin...

This case study investigates the criteria for organizational effectiveness in non-profit organizations (NPOs) with the aim to determine how the elements of sustainability fit within the criteria. To achieve this, the study utilized the research questions: "what criteria do NPOs use to evaluate their effectiveness?" and "how is sustainability embedded in NPO effectiveness?" The research design was interpretivist, adopting focus group interviews to obtain data. Specifically, two focus group interviews were held with the top management of an NPO which revealed that both financial and non-financial criteria were equally essential for NPO effectiveness. This finding is consistent with the literature, although it contradicts the initial assumption of the study that NPO effectiveness was based more on non-financial criteria than financial criteria. The study also found that the effectiveness of an NPO should be viewed in two ways: firstly, "the full achievement of its mandate" and, secondly, "the ability to run business projects to cover cost." It also emerged that both the ability to cover costs and the achievement of a mandate should be done in a sustainable manner (a sustainable manner is seen as one that is harmonious with the natural and the socio-political environment). The results of this paper present a practical case for the management of NPOs by reiterating that the full achievement of the NPO mandate and the successful running of social projects to generate funds for sustainability are key elements of effectiveness. Given the essential role that NPOs play in developing countries, this study has

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a country with high natural resources but it has suffered from decades of civil wars and social turmoil being heavily aid-dependent. In the DRC, several Non-For-Profit Organizations (NPOs) are major players in fighting poverty and enhancing welfare. This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of small NPOs in improving poor peoples' lives through health, education and economic activities. Two NPOs working in the DRC, one in a rural and the other in an urban area, are compared by researching the aid sites and surveying 201 households (aid beneficiaries). Our case observations and the survey results facilitate analysing the mission accomplishment, effectiveness and accountability of the NPOs although we admit that the DRC conditions make exact measurements difficult. Multivariate analyses are used to study the differences in aid impacts. There are significant differences in the beneficiaries' perception of the NPO effectiveness in improving health while no significant differences in education impact were found. This is probably because both case NPOs have succeeded in getting a large proportion of the children of their area registered in the education centres created by the NPOs. Differences were observed in the accountability and reporting style of the NPOs.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a country with high natural resources but it has suffered from decades of civil wars and social turmoil being heavily aid-dependent. In the DRC, several Non-For-Profit Organizations (NPOs) are major players in fighting poverty and enhancing welfare. This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of small NPOs in improving poor peoples' lives through health, education and economic activities. Two NPOs working in the DRC, one in a rural and the other in an urban area, are compared by researching the aid sites and surveying 201 households (aid beneficiaries). Our case observations and the survey results facilitate analysing the mission accomplishment, effectiveness and accountability of the NPOs although we admit that the DRC conditions make exact measurements difficult. Multivariate analyses are used to study the differences in aid impacts. There are significant differences in the beneficiaries' perception of the NPO effectiveness in improving health while no significant differences in education impact were found. This is probably because both case NPOs have succeeded in getting a large proportion of the children of their area registered in the education centres created by the NPOs. Differences were observed in the accountability and reporting style of the NPOs.

1. Abstract 1
2. Plato and Castoriadis 2
2.1. The cave and the labyrinth 2
2.2. Thinking         2
3. Creativity 3
3.1. Creation         3
3.2. Determinacy         3
3.3. Theory                 4
3.4. Knowledge         4
3.5. Science and it’s History 4
3.6. The Real and Theory 4
3.7. Theories and our prejudices 5
3.8. Our Labyrinths         5
3.9. Our Problems and Needs 5
4. Hegel and Marx 6
4.1. Politics                 6
4.2. Politics and Autonomy 7
4.2.1. Politics                 7
4.2.2. Autonomy         7
5. Conclusion         7

How do key stakeholders of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) judge the effectiveness of their organization? Are the judgments of stakeholders similar, and how are board effectiveness and the use of practitioner-identified correct management procedures related to judgments of effectiveness? This study focuses on a subset of especially effective and less effective NPOs from a larger sample and finds that the especially effective have more effective boards (as judged by various stakeholder groups), have boards with higher social prestige, use more practitioner-identified correct management procedures, and use more change management strategies. Practical implications discussed include adopting more correct management procedures and change management strategies.

A reading of one case study in R D Laing and A Esterson, Sanity Madness and the Family, trying to highlight the cognitive (epistemological) aspects of a schizophrenic's predicament. Written in 1970 or 1971, published in 1972, it does not use the word gaslighting (now added to the original title) but approaches the idea epistemologically.

 Pitsou Charikleia, Balias Stathis. (2014). Greek Pedagogical Departments, Human Rights Education: An Analyzing Study of the Programs of Study, of Greek Pedagogical Departments. Problems of Education in the 21st Century. 59, (68-76). ISSN: 1822-7864.

What characteristics of professional and business associations determine their organisational activities in the context of Russia's stage of transition? While research on associations in management and nonprofit literature remains under-theorised and fragmented, professional and business associations not only constitute a significant component of the Russian nonprofit sector, but also contribute to the institutional infrastructure of the emerging market economy. This paper investigates the influence of organisational determinants on the relative importance of advocacy, community building, and service delivery within professional and business associations. Data for this study were collected from 215 associations throughout Russia. The study verifies multifunctional nature of associations and confirms that advocacy remains the highest priority activity for associations embedded in the transitional environment. Applying Dirichlet regression, the study finds that organisational size and a specific agency type positively influences community building function. Moreover, our findings indicate that compulsory membership negatively affects service delivery and community building functions, whereas presence in social media has a positive effect on both of these functions fulfilled by Russian associations.

While promising, the evidence in support of tailored health communication has not been overwhelming. One explanation is that tailored materials may be far superior to non-tailored materials in some cases, but only slightly better, no different or less effective in others. In this study, 198 overweight adults were randomly assigned to receive either tailored or nontailored weight loss materials. Participants' cognitive, affective and behavioral responses to the materials were measured at an immediate and 1 month follow-up. Analyses compared those who received tailored materials to those who received non-tailored materials that were-by chance alone-either a good fit, moderate fit or poor fit, based on the match between behavioral characteristics of the participant and content of the non-tailored materials. Findings showed that good-fitting non-tailored materials performed as well or better than tailored materials for several cognitive, affective and behavioral outcomes. However, moderate-and poor-fitting non-tailored materials were consistently inferior to both approaches. The art and science of creating tailored health communication programs is still evolving. Data from this study 305 suggest present approaches to tailoring are more effective than non-tailored materials in most, but not all cases. Specific recommendations are made describing ways to refine tailoring methods to maximize the effectiveness of this approach.

... Others argue that people experience a high processing fluency because matched messages are just 'easier to ... a regulatory fit or 'feeling right' that is caused by a match can bias message evaluation ... individual's state of mind and a message to explain how a match leads to more ...

Measurement of strategic performance is important to any organisation, irrespective of the sector to which the organisation belongs. The nonprofit sector is a growth sector in Australasia. With the growth in the sector comes increased pressure from different stakeholders for better management of nonprofit organisations to improve their performance. This paper explains the development of a conceptual model that is primarily grounded on a performance measurement (PM) model known as the balanced score card (BSC)—a widely accepted PM model by the for-profit sector. The work reported in this paper cover the initial phase of a larger project on operationalising the BSC to the Australian and New Zealand nonprofit healthcare organisations.

This chapter aims to provide a framework of the
uses of analytics and optimization in the setting
of Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs) through the
lens of an input-output process, while offering
pointers for future research. An NPO is an entity
with a social mission to meet a public or community
need, and focus their resources to achieve
goals that benefit their consumers. NPOs “play
a variety of social, economic, and political roles
in the society. They provide services as well as
educate, advocate, and engage people in civic and
social life.”

In the last few years the management orientation of nonprofit organisation (NPOs) has been gaining importance. Management is said to have made the organisation of NPOs more effective and efficient. However, the influence of the institutional settings is often neglected in nonprofit management literature. By using a quantitative empirical approach this study investigates the influence of the legal type of Swiss nonprofits on the relationship between management dimensions and organisational performance. The research findings reveal significant differences in the management of foundations and associations. In particular, foundations have a competitive advantage in terms of innovation and market orientation. Whereas associations profit from investing in governance issues.

Organisational effectiveness (OE) in the construction industry is currently viewed and operationalised in relation to time and cost criteria. This is contrasted with work in the social sciences where different conceptualisation's of the meaning of an organisation have resulted in a variety of OE concepts and approaches, including: the goal-attainment approach; system resource approach; strategic constituencies approach; and competing values approach.

La virtualisation est proposée dans le monde éducatif actuel comme un nouveau mode de transmission de la connaissance.

Est-ce que cette virtualisation est capable d'assurer le passage du "stockage des informations" à "l'acquisition de la connaissance"? Est-ce que les modes de formation basées sur les TICE prennent en compte l'importance des acquisitions "en-acte" dans le processus de conceptualisation ? Jusqu'à quel point et quel niveau? Est-ce que les techniques mises en oeuvre permettent d'évaluer de façon adéquate la maîtrise des compétences qui sont le gage d'une formation de qualité?L’objectif de cette intervention est de montrer l’importance de l’approche cognitivo-constructiviste dans l’acquisition du savoir et de proposer des critères qui permettent d’évaluer la qualité des supports utilisés ainsi que la valeur pédagogique des programmes offerts dans une optique de virtualisation.

ABSTRACT

The paper reports on a two-year field research study aimed at discovering how five Indonesian grassroots nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) perceive, understand, interpret and operationalize the constructs of organizational effectiveness (OE) in the management of their organizations. 

Data were collected utilizing an interpretive methodological approach involving content from focus groups, interviews, observations and surveys with NGO managers.  Findings indicated a bifurcated understanding of effectiveness with perceptions ranging between a more conventional view as reflected in Western management textbooks, and an alternative more politicized, ideological conception focusing on the larger political and social obstacles in Indonesia and globally that affect their work in the community. Not surprisingly, the NGOs with more conventional goals also tended to accept and implement more readily the textbook idealization of effectiveness, while NGOs with more radical goals only partially adopted such traditional views. Participants used language to describe OE that emulated conventional management concepts with descriptors augmented by context-specific additional discourse suggestive of a multidimensional view of each event.

Participants were not able to become more effective by bridging ideology and management functions, even when they agreed in principle that both functions were necessary.  Rather, their efforts to improve effectiveness were proceeded by dialogue that identified the nature of the problems and suggested means for dealing with these by adopting a hands-on interactive approach that was sensitive to time, place, and the idiosyncrasies of each particular organization.

In light of these findings, traditional models of OE have been augmented to include context-specific political ideology as an additional dimension. The paper proposes an approach to understanding OE in a developing country NGO context that involves a time-space dimension incorporating how NGOs and their stakeholders react to historical events (purpose) at particular moments in history (time) within a specific geographical and cultural environment (location, place).  This socially constructed time-space model for explaining grassroots NGO perceptions of organizational effectiveness in Indonesia is founded on people’s temporal perceptions of workplace issues influenced by organizational history and life cycle, local societal values, culture, and geopolitical events at a particular moment in their development.

Abstract

Defining NGO organisational effectiveness
in Indonesia:  an unfolding journey

This paper summarizes a two-year field study aimed at discovering how Indonesian NGO managers perceived, interpreted and implemented constructs of organisational effectiveness (OE) in their workplace. The findings--reflecting emerging trends within Indonesian civil society during a period closely following intense domestic violence and unrest, and growing distrust of Western policies and practices within Indonesia-- were compared with the more established views of OE conceptualized by Western for-profit (FPO) and not-for-profit (NPO) organisations.

The research indicated a bifurcated view of effectiveness with two-thirds of NGO managers interpreting OE that were similar to their western counterparts. However, another third of the responses held radical views on management that focused on ideology, desire for political agitation and endorsement of elusive, nonhierarchical organisational structures of a utopian nature. These alternative, politicized, ideological conceptions reflect Indonesia’s larger political and social concerns and are affecting the work of local NGOs in their communities.


KEYWORDS: 
Indonesian NGOs
Organisational effectiveness
Radical management
NGO management