Coffee Culture

This book focuses on the coffee and café culture of Cambodia, a country where global giants have entered the market and reshaped the landscape, while local brands and independent coffee shops continue to thrive and merge into the scene.
My journey through cafés here is part of a broader exploration of coffee around the world, but Cambodia offers a unique story. It is a place where Starbucks, Costa, and other international names sit side by side with Cambodian-born brands like Brown Coffee, Feel Good, and Temple Coffee. In these spaces, one can see how globalization interacts with heritage, and how young Cambodians—especially Gen Z and Gen Alpha—are redefining what coffee culture means in their daily lives.
This volume records not only the drinks I have tasted but also the stories of the people, spaces, and movements behind them. Cambodia’s café scene today is both global and local, modern and traditional—a living example of how coffee continues to bridge cultures, generations, and aspirations.

Dal 2015, il primo ottobre si celebra la giornata internazionale del caffè. Per molti un rito, qualcosa di cui non si riesce a fare a meno. Al mattino poi è quasi una necessità fisiologica sorseggiare questa bevanda nera, fumante, quasi a voler continuare a sognare mentre paradossalmente ad essa si chiede che ci svegli. Di questo parla, non senza una punta di ironia, il poeta russo contemporaneo Gleb Debol’skij in questi versi che si propongono nella traduzione di Lucio Coco.

—ÖZET
Kahvenin “kırk yıl hatırı”nı yüceltip yazının “kırk saniyelik rahatsızlığı”na sabredemeyen bir kültürüz: tat hafızamız şişkin, düşünce hafızamız zayıf. Bedensel emek görünür olduğu için kolayca alkışlanıyor; zihinsel emek görünmediği için ucuz görülüyor. Davranışsal önyargılarımız yakın ödülü (kahve) parlatıp uzak değeri (yazı) gölgeliyor; “özet geç” alışkanlığı merakı öldürüyor. Piyasa–eğitim–medya üçlüsü “anında tatmin”i ödüllendiriyor; kitap, selfie’ye gelmediği için sürgün ediliyor. Fiyat çelişkimiz net: 250 liralık kahve “deneyim”, 150 liralık kitap “pahalı”. Oysa minnet metaya değil, emeğe edilir. Uzun metin zihnin kardiyosudur; ilk satırda terlemeden son satırda koşulmaz. “Kıvamın adaleti” şudur: ne şeker koması, ne kör acı; ayarı, saygı ve sabırla tutturmak. Yazı bir cerrahtır; keser, temizler, diker. Kahveyi küçümsemeyelim ama yazıya da hakkını verelim: kırk yılın hatırına zarafet, kırk dakikanın aklına feraset. Barutun sesi geçer; cümlenin nefesi kalır.

—SUMMARY
We glorify coffee’s “forty-year favor,” yet can’t tolerate writing’s “forty-second discomfort”: our taste memory is bloated, our thinking memory weak. Physical labor is visible and easily praised; mental labor is hidden and undervalued. Behavioral biases glamorize near rewards (coffee) and obscure long-term value (writing); the “just give me the summary” habit kills curiosity. The market–school–media trio rewards instant gratification; books are exiled because they don’t fit the selfie frame. Our price paradox is clear: a 250-lira coffee is an “experience,” a 150-lira book is “expensive.” But gratitude belongs to labor, not to commodities. Long texts are cardio for the mind; you can’t finish the race without sweating at the start. Justice of “consistency” means neither sugar coma nor raw bitterness—set the balance with respect and patience. Writing is a surgeon: it cuts, cleans, stitches. Don’t belittle coffee, but honor writing too: grace for the forty years, wisdom for the forty minutes. Noise fades; sentences breathe on.

Son yillarda, yiyecek ve iceceklerin siyasetle olan yakin iliskisini ortaya koyan ilginc calismalar yurutulmektedir. Oncelikle, bircok yiyecek ve icecek kendi tarihlerine sahip olup, bunlardan bazilari farkli cografyalarda yayilirken oralarda kultur, ekonomi, dini hayat ve siyaseti etkileyip kendileri de bunlardan etkilenmektedirler. Turk kahvesi, kitanin guneydogu ucundaki Istanbul’a ulasmasindan bu yana, Avrupa’da bir icecek ile siyaset ve dini kultur arasindaki iliskiye cok carpici ve renkli bir ornek teskil etmektedir. Kanaatimce, Turk kahvesi daha en basta (16. yuzyil ortalarinda) Istanbul’da “siyasi” bir icecekti veya bir baska deyisle siyasilestirildi, cunku bu icecege ve tuketildigi mekanlara cogu zaman siyasi anlamlar yuklendi. Makalenin ilk kismi kitaya yeni gelen bir icecegin (Turk kahvesinin) hem Osmanli baskentinde hem de Hristiyan Avrupa’da nasil devleti, siyaseti ve dini ilgilendirdigini gosteriyor. Boylece bu kisim daha cok, bir icecegin girdigi ulkelerde siyaset ve ...

Ripoll León, Verónica (2023). «Un paseo histórico-anecdótico por los alrededores del Teatro Español», en Eduardo Pérez-Rasilla (ed.), El Teatro Español de Madrid. La historia (1583-2023), Madrid: Cátedra, pp. 393-416. ISBN  978-84-376-4663-6.

https://www.catedra.com/libro/critica-y-estudios-literarios/el-teatro-espanol-de-madrid-eduardo-perez-rasilla-9788437646633

[Se presentan solo las primeras páginas del capítulo]

El entorno físico del antiguo corral del Príncipe, después teatro del Príncipe y, desde el siglo XIX, Teatro Español ha visto florecer la capital española desde que se convirtió en sede permanente de la corte hasta nuestros días. Debido a su propicia situación, en las siguientes páginas recorreremos mediante un paseo histórico-anecdótico, como le gustaría denominarlo al periodista y cronista Ramón de Mesonero Romanos, las calles y plazas aledañas a este espacio clave del arte escénico madrileño con el fin de aproximarnos a la historia, al urbanismo, a la cultura y a algunos de los más característicos sucesos acaecidos en sus inmediaciones.

Coffee, which originated in Abyssinia in the 9th century, gradually spread across the world following a goatherd’s seen of the energizing effects on his animals after they consumed coffee berries. By the 15th century, the Ottomans had adopted coffee into daily life, and this mysterious beverage eventually entered the palace. In the early 17th century, it reached Europe and acquired a distinctive place in Western literature as an exotic element. The earliest known studies on coffee are attributed to Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, Bengiazlah, and Ibn Sīnā.
One of the most notable poems dedicated to coffee in Latin literature is Abbé Guillaume Massieu’s Caffaeum: Carmen. It is known that the poem was read and well received at the Académie des Inscriptions. Until the mid-nineteenth century, Caffeum: Carmen appeared in several other anthologies and in translations into French and Italian.His poem focuses on various aspects of coffee such as its cultivation, storage, preparation, physiological effects, and stimulating qualities. The work was later translated into English by John T. Gilmore under the title Coffee: A Poem.
In classical Turkish literature, numerous poems were also written about coffee during the same period. Coffee, with its color, aroma, the period in which it was banned, and its vessels of presentation became the subject of numerous metaphors and similes in classical Turkish poetry as a reflection of daily life. The incorporation of coffee into Ottoman poetry can be regarded as contemporaneous with its integration into Ottoman society. Ottoman poets approached coffee not only in terms of its physical characteristics but also through its emotional and cultural dimensions—associating it with love, longing, spiritual contemplation, and social interaction.
This study takes Gilmore’s translation as its source text and analyzes the expressions in Coffee: A Poem in comparison with their counterparts in classical Turkish poetry. The aim is to explore how coffee, as a literary and cultural symbol, is associated with emotional meaning, and to examine how these associations manifest similarly or differently across Western and Ottoman poetic traditions, with Massieu’s poem at the center of this comparative inquiry.

El acceso a la informacion y la eliminacion de barreras espacio-temporales son ventajas de la adopcion de las tecnologias de la informacion y de la comunicacion -TIC-. Estas ventajas cobran especial interes en la actual situacion de pandemia global frente a la necesidad no solo de brindar continuidad en la disponibilidad de servicios y contenidos sino ademas, implementar otras modalidades para sustituir las practicas que transcurrian habitualmente en condiciones de presencialidad para su inicio y finalizacion y con alto grado de informatizacion al interior de las organizaciones. En el ambito de las obras sociales las TIC no solo han facilitado los procesos de digitalizacion de informacion sino ademas, la virtualizacion de los procesos administrativos a traves de la gestion electronica de servicios para los afiliados. Sin embargo, esta adopcion resulta asimetrica para las diversas entidades y con mayor enfasis segun el tipo de prestaciones que se ofrezca, disponiendo barreras para un...

Bernardino Pardo Ouro s/n 27002, El Quercus lusitanica Lam. (Quercus fruticosa Brot.), es el representante arbustivo de los robles marcescentes y caducifolios de la Península Ibérica. Es una especie ibero mauritana cuya presencia en Portugal y Galicia se reduce a pequeñas manchas aisladas debido a: Incendios forestales; repoblaciones forestales con pinos y eucalipto; ramoneo y pastoreo de ganado doméstico y herbívoros silvestres; despoblación y abandono del medio rural (asfixia del matorral); retrogresión (regresión por hibridación con otras especies afines); herborización y recolección mediante arranque; expansión de especies foráneas invasoras (acacias). Así, Quercus lusitanica Lam. como endemismo ibero-occidental africano se puede considerar en peligro de extinción , y por extensión una de las especies que sería imprescindible conservar. Para los diferentes ensayos, el material vegetal fue recolectado en el Parque Sintra-Cascáis (Lisboa, Portugal) a excepción de los estudios de propagación sexual que estudió también material del Parque de Arrábida (Lisboa, Portugal). Se desarrollaron métodos de propagación asexual (estaquillado) que estudiaron la respuesta de la planta a diferentes concentraciones hormonales y sustratos

Amongst the major unexplored areas of Rosmini’s storiography,
one is about his nutritional habits. Through Rosmini’s works, the historians
can get an interesting peep into the everyday life of the mid-19th
century Italian society. The essay is focused on Italy’s national drink, coffee, giving a sketch of its introduction and widespread diffusion in the last four centuries: the evidences will show that coffee-drinking in the age of Rosmini was an important trend related to the political and social changes among the classes, rather than just a simple matter of taste.

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A utilização de polímeros hidrorretentores pode ser uma opção para a garantia de disponibilidade de água na fase de implantação de cafeeiros. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Capão dos Óleos, município de Coqueiral, Minas Gerais, no período de 2009 a 2011. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do polímero hidrorretentor, previamente hidratado, no crescimento de plantas de cafeeiro na fase de implantação da cultura no campo. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4x3x2 mais um tratamento adicional, com quatro repetições, perfazendo um total de 25 tratamentos e 100 parcelas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro doses, três volumes e dois locais de aplicação do polímero hidrorretentor, além de um tratamento adicional, como testemunha, sem a utilização do hidrogel. As avaliações de crescimento foram realizadas em fevereiro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2011. A melhor forma de aplicação do polímero foi na cova de plantio no volume de 1,5 litros da solução composta por 1,5 quilos do polímero hidrorretentor diluídos em 400 litros de água. Após 476 dias da implantação da lavoura, não houve efeito do polímero hidrorretentor com aplicação em dose única no plantio, no crescimento dos cafeeiros, abrindo-se a discussão de possível viabilidade de reaplicação do polímero hidrorretentor, após a implantação da lavoura.

The burgeoning market for Philippine coffee presents significant opportunities; however, persistent and emerging stressors threaten its sustainability. This paper examines the hazards, vulnerabilities, and risks (HVRs) impacting the coffee supply chain in the Philippines' leading coffee-producing regions, emphasizing the intricate interplay of climatic, biological, economic, and social factors. Through qualitative methods, the study reveals that irregular weather patterns, intensified by climate change, disrupt production cycles, leading to reduced yields and lower farmer incomes. Extreme weather events, such as typhoons, exacerbate these challenges by triggering landslides in mountainous areas. Furthermore, socioeconomic issues-including youth migration, an aging farmer population, rising production costs, and intensified competition-heighten the sector's vulnerability. The indebtedness of farmers to traders, coupled with limited access to formal financial services, introduces critical risks. Additionally, the small-scale nature of the industry renders it vulnerable to price instability. The findings elucidate how these HVRs present significant obstacles throughout the production, processing, and distribution phases, necessitating coordinated policy interventions to address these challenges. Strengthening agricultural climate actions, enhancing financial literacy, and reinforcing traceability standards are essential measures. Engaging youth is also crucial for fostering innovation and ensuring long-term sustainability.

Margaret Atwood's much anticipated dystopian trilogy comes to a gripping and dramatic close with MaddAddam, which epitomises her signature blend of adventure, humour, romance, deft storytelling and a vivid imagination that is firmly rooted in reality. MaddAddam mostly adhered to the same structure as the first two novels, even though it began soon after the conclusion of The Year of the Flood. This post-apocalyptic dystopian trilogy is plausible, complete with nuclear sword-rattling, environmental pollution, the resurgence of ancient diseases, and the emergence of new illnesses that have the potential to spread into a pandemic. The complex interactions that occur between humans and other species—both in the context of human-virus relations and in the broader context of anthropogenic environmental destruction—have also been brought to light by the outbreak. This is just as crucial. This paper surveys how certain sects in the novel derive pleasure from the sufferings of others and their desire to harm others turns into addictive violence.

"Kahve Yemen'den gelir" sözü Türk kahvesinin kaynağı hakkında bilgi verir ve bu malumat dilimize yerleşmiş bir türküde geçtiği için birçok kimse tarafından bilinir ancak kahvenin Yemen'den İstanbul'a izlediği rotada Mısır'ın önemli bir durak olduğu pek de bilinmez. Oysa Mısır'ın idarî merkezi Kahire ve diğer liman şehirleri kahve ticareti bakımından önemli duraklar, aynı zamanda kahvenin yoğun olarak tüketildiği mekânlardı. Osmanlı Devleti üzerine yapılan çalışmaların odağında genellikle Afrika medeniyet ve kültürleri bulunmadığından Osmanlı Devleti'nin Afrika'nın Akdeniz ve Kızıldeniz kıyılarına hükmettiği dönemlere ilişkin araştırmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Yürütülen çalışmaların önemli bir kısmıysa tarih ve siyaset bilimi alanlarına katkı sağlamaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, Osmanlı dönemi Afrika araştırmalarında özellikle kültürel çalışmalar ihmal edilmiş bir alandır. Ancak hem kahve ticaretinde kilit bir nokta olması hem de Türk kahvesinin farklı kültürlere tanıtımı açısından önemli bir rol oynaması nedeniyle Mısır'daki kahve ve kahvehane kültürünün araştırılması, 2013'ten beri UNESCO'nun İnsanlığın Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirası Temsili Listesi'nde bulunan "Türk kahvesi kültürü ve geleneği"ni anlamak adına önem arz etmektedir. Buna rağmen özelde Mısır, genelde anavatanı Afrika olan kahve kültürü üzerine yapılan araştırmalar sayıca çok azdır. Hâlbuki Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi bu konuda eşsiz bir kaynaktır. 17. yüzyılda yaşamış ve Avrupa'dan Kafkaslar'a, Arabistan çöllerinden Mısır'a çeşitli coğrafyaları gezmiş ve gözlemlerini Seyahatname başlıklı eserinde bir araya getirmiş Evliya Çelebi'nin kahve ve kahvehane kültürü ile ilgili anlattıkları farklı bölgeler ve şehirler üzerinde çalışma yapan pek çok araştırmacıya kaynaklık edip konu olsa da kahvenin İstanbul'a ulaşmasında önemli bir durak olan Mısır'daki kahve ve kahvehane kültürüne dair aktardıkları üzerinde duran bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi Mısır'daki kahve ve kahvehane kültürünü etraflıca tasvir etmek üzere, kahvenin ortaya çıkışı ile ilgili anlatıları, kahve tüketimi üzerine dini görüşleri, kahvenin toplumun her kesimine hitap etmesi ve ulaşılabilir olmasını betimleyecek kadar örneği içermesi, kahve sunumunda dikkat edilen unsurlar ile kahvehanelerin işlevi ve yaygınlığını yansıtması bakımından benzersiz bir çalışmadır. Evliya Çelebi Mısır'ı gezerken neredeyse her durağında bir kahvehane saymış, büyük şehirlerdeki nispeten büyük kahvehanelerde düzenlenen eğlence meclisleri üzerinde durmuş, kahve kültürünün her kademeden insanın hayatında olduğunu gösteren betimlemeler yapmıştır. Bu yüzden alandaki eksikliği gidermek adına yapılan söz konusu çalışmada Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi metni bir derleme olarak değerlendirilerek Mısır kahve ve kahvehane kültürü kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Makalede 17. yüzyılda yazılmış olan Seyahatname metni tarihsel olarak benzer dönemlerin eseri olan başka gezi yazıları ile de karşılaştırılmış, Evliya Çelebi'nin betimlemeleri arşiv belgeleriyle birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece toplumun her kesiminden insanın ulaşabildiği, türlü yasaklara ve kısıtlamalara rağmen benimsediği, yüzyılları ve sınırları aşarak bugün yine hayatımızın bir parçası olan bu içeceğin tarihsel serüvenindeki önemli bir boşluk doldurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler Türk kahvesi, SOKÜM, Afrika, Seyahatname, 17. yüzyıl.

How do the high-achieving pupils say they come to understand a mathematical concept that is new to them? How can these reports be informed by various psychological learning theories of mathematics? These are the research questions of this study. The focus is on the metacognitive awareness of ten high-achieving high school pupils of mathematics from Denmark and England. Through qualitative un-structured interviews in smaller groups, I investigate how the pupils talk about their learning of a mathematical concept that is new to them. I focus on the cognitive learning process. To answer the research questions I develop a model for analysis to get an understanding of what the pupils tell. I call this model the "CULTIS model for analysis" where 'CULTIS' stands for "Consciousness, Unconsciousness, Language, Tacit, Individual, and Social". I interpret that these are six themes in which the various learning theories express themselves. I TABLE OF CONTENT A b s t r a c t Sammendrag (Abstract in Danish) Preface and acknowledgements Table of content There are therefore six themes in the CULTIS model for analysis to which the pupils' narratives can belong. To some extent they overlap and interact with each other. The six themes are: Theme I: Consciousness (practice, reflection, planning

Популярное краткое описание кофейной церемонии в эфиопской провинции и использование в ней руты. Также рассказано о других вариантах использовании руты в различных культурах.
A popular brief description of the coffee ceremony in an Ethiopian province and the use of rue in it, along with other traditional uses of rue in various cultures.
Зворыкин Д.Д. (2005) Сама рута! Цветочный клуб, 3 (36): 34.

Persian Garden as a structural element formed the architectural, open spaces and shows that the gardens are the place for perception. creating enclosed garden as a construction site give meaning to the connection between human and the surrounding place. To reach that how walls create the sense of place we describe kind of garden called Tajir and in this case the following question will be answered:1)are these Tajir gardens a symbol of thinking in their period?2)are these gardens visualize the sense of place with their grid walls? the methodology of research based on history itinerary description and analyze their view. The result indicative that Tajir garden, as a great semi-transparent system of Persian gardens, First create sense of place and second existence the kind of Tajir use in Timurid period will prove. also the Tajir in both Timurid and Safavid period will be compared.

The article focuses on the history of Brazilian–Icelandic coffee trade in the first half of the 20th century by putting the issue into a broader context of globalization and transatlantic trade. Based on official trade reports and newspapers of the time, it explores not only the economic dimension of the issue, but also its cultural aspects to answer the following question: what was the role of Brazil-the leading coffee producer and supplier in 1900–1940 in the formation of a unique Icelandic coffee culture? To begin with, the article finds the reciprocal influence of trade and culture, as coffee brought new forms of social interaction and new social conflicts to Iceland, whose inhabitants witnessed new phenomena in their daily lives. Besides, it reveals new links in the transatlantic trade system, as Brazil and Iceland, both previously having been on the margins of the postcolonial trade system, gradually established direct trade ties which, in turn, led to more mutually beneficial sales conditions. Moreover, the increasing bilateral trade caused a spillover of economic cooperation into culture, as new images – both literally and figuratively – of Brazil spread among Icelandic intellectuals and photo enthusiasts. The article also presents new datasets on annual imports of unroasted coffee into Iceland in 1912–1945, on average annual prices of coffee imports into Iceland in 1914–1945, and on shares of leading coffee importers in the Icelandic market – all these can be used for further research into the issue of transatlantic coffee trade.

Shading coffee trees has gained importance, especially among smallholders, as an option to improve the products’ quality, therefore acquiring place at the specialty coffee market, where consumers are willing to give bonus for quality. This work aims to evaluate the influence of shade trees’ spatial distribution among coffee trees’ agronomic characteristics, yield, and beans and cup quality of shaded coffee trees. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks with six repetitions and four treatments: coffee trees on shade trees planting rows, distant one meter from the trunk; coffee trees on shade trees planting row, distant six meters from the trunk; and coffee plants between the rows of shade trees, parallel to the previous treatments. The parameters analyzed were plant height, canopy diameter, plagiotropic branches’ length, yield, coffee fruits’ phenological stage, ripe cherries’ Brix degree, percentage of black, unripe, and insect damaged beans, bean size, and...

For centuries artists, diplomats, and merchants served as cultural intermediaries in the Mediterranean. Stationed in port cities and other entrepôts of the Mediterranean, these go-betweens forged intercultural connections even as they negotiated and sometimes promoted cultural misunderstandings. They also moved objects of all kinds across time and space. This movement of people and things through the Mediterranean was led not alone by agents of peace: military conflict, paradoxically, also brought cultures into contact and fomented cultural exchange. The Mobility of People and Things in the Early Modern Mediterranean: The Art of Travel considers how the mobility of art and material culture is intertwined with diplomatic, political, and trade networks in the international arena of the Mediterranean. With theorist Arjun Appadurai, we explore how people find value in things and how things shape social relations, investigating analogies and relationships between the work performed by artists, diplomats, merchants, and soldiers. In this volume, the circulation of people brings Persian silk to English needleworkers and English embroidery to the Mughal court of India, Morisco dress from Islamic Spain to the women of Algiers, Yemeni coffee and Eastern coffee accoutrements to France, and an Ottoman costume album from Istanbul to Berlin and London. Algerian and French captives, cannons, and sailors participate in a complex trans-Mediterranean exchange, defined sometimes by trade, sometimes by war, while an Ottoman commander's tent acquires new meanings in a Central European battlefield. A Hungarian-Armenian photographer, exploiting greater Mediterranean networks, introduces South Asian and Middle Eastern images to the British public. In all these cases, port cities, especially Algiers, Livorno, Marseille, Smyrna (Izmir), and Toulon, and trading centers, like Aleppo and Istanbul, offered Mediterranean passage to people and goods. These examples illustrate the extent and significance of the material and visual culture moved through Mediterranean conduits from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Yet conventional forms and nomenclatures of art historical study for this period are largely inadequate to account for these histories. The history of early modern art still awaits its Mediterranean moment.

Protests started all over the world in the last quarter of 2023 after israel launched an aerial bombardment campaign on Gaza. türkiye was one of the countries where large-scale protests against israel took place. organized and individual street protests as well as campaigns for boycotting israeli products were initiated. Protesters went to starbucks stores to tell customers to reconsider drinking starbucks coffee after the company stated it would sue its union for announcing its support for Palestine. casualties occurred despite statements from the turkish branch of the company regarding their neutrality in political issues. i attempt to discuss that the nature of these attacks is anti-Western, rather than anti-Zionist by tracing the politics of coffee, coffeehouse chains and the public sphere. i conclude that coffeehouse chains, especially starbucks, function as iconic carriers of Western values but they should be seen as a global cultural phenomenon in a rapidly changing world.

This article analyzes sociohistorical processes underlying the expansion of agroecology through reflections on the uses of the terms "scaling up" or "territorialization of agroecology," and the advantages of using the concept of territory and its associated notions. We argue that the lens of territory is underutilized in the study of agroecology. We address this gap through a comparative study of two "effervescent" cases of agroecological processes: the Zona da Mata mesoregion in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the region covered by the Diocese of San Cristóbal de las Casas in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Four key points were identified in these processes of territorialization: 1) The strength of the peasantry; 2) The centrality of pedagogical and emancipatory dimensions; 3) The divergent paths in the relation with the State: public policy vs. autonomy; 4) Diversification and decommoditization of agroecosystems. Our study reveals how agroecology is intimately related to territory, especially in Latin America. It is born as a collective process of spatially located political and cultural construction, which exhibits different configurations yet shares similar socio-historical and ontological principles and roots. With this analysis we hope to contribute to broadening critical dialog for strengthening a transdisciplinary theoretical framework for agroecology.

The research aims to investigate stock price prediction methods and their drawbacks regarding certain traits and performance. By shedding light on how these machine learning models respond to adding additional features, like the Adj Close feature, the study paves the way for future investigations into feature selection and its impact on prediction accuracy. The Adj Close feature in the historical stock datasets has been disregarded in earlier studies. The study also shows that, with some data optimization, machine learning techniques like LSTM are frequently employed for stock prediction. We also looked at the regression-based performance indicators used to evaluate the performance. We compared the results and found that the Adj Close feature with LSTM performs better than the Close feature with LSTM. The results will help academics studying financial markets develop innovative ideas and choose the most practical criteria from the available data.

de creación del Instituto de Defensa del Café y ley 171 sobre relaciones entre productores y beneficiadores de Café, 1933 .......... Anexo 2. Regulación de relaciones entre actores en la cadena del café de Costa Rica por Ley 2762 del 21 de junio de 1961 .

Bu makale, Sarah Howard tarafından kaleme alınan “Coffee and the State in Rural Ethiopia” başlıklı makalenin UMAY Sanat ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi'nde Haziran 2025 tarihli 3. cilt, 1. sayısında Türkçeye çevrilmiş hâlidir. Orijinal metin ilk olarak 2018 yılında Anthropology Matters dergisinin 18. cilt, 1. sayısında yayımlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu orjinal makale, Toplumsal Gıda ve Beslenme Antropolojisi Derneği (Society for the Anthropology of Food and Nutrition, SAFN) tarafından 2017 Christine Wilson Ödülü'ne layık görülmüştür. / This article is the Turkish translation of Sarah Howard's article titled 'Coffee and the State in Rural Ethiopia,' published in UMAY Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1, in June 2025. The original text was first published in 2018 in Anthropology Matters, Vol. 18, No. 1. Additionally, this original article was awarded the 2017 Christine Wilson Award by the Society for the Anthropology of Food and Nutrition (SAFN).

In this chapter, we aimed to analyze the attitudes of coffee consumers towards the ecological usage of coffee grounds, including sorting coffee grounds and willingness to pay a surcharge for composting coffee grounds in cafes. The study examined how these attitudes differed based on respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics. We summarized previously published research on a more general level and analyzed data from a questionnaire survey with 3,504 coffee consumers in the Czech Republic. The focus is on 11 statistically significant results: greater interest in ecology among women and coffee consumers with higher education; willingness to pay extra by young consumers for coffee, after the preparation of which the coffee grounds were sorted; and mainly the sorting of coffee grounds at home, dependent on gender, age, family situation, residence, and level of education. We also approximate the significant differences in consumers’ proclaimed patterns of market behavior for coffee and of ecological behavior depending on the division into urban or rural consumers, including possible implications.

Los árboles y arbustos se muestrearon en la zona sur de la isla de Ometepe, fuera del gran lago de Nicaragua, a altitudes de 500m a 1350m. Además, se encontraron árboles y arbustos de 500m a cero cerca del lago y en la zona norte de Ometepe pero estos no se incluyen en el estudio.

Los taxones de árboles y arbustos no cultivados ni plantados en el sur de Ometepe fueron verificados por mí, un hombre local en el sur de Ometepe y por Mesoamérica.

Los datos climáticos en el sur de Ometepe varían desde una precipitación anual de 1386m hasta posiblemente 1600m. Los cambios climáticos futuros podrían causar graves problemas a los árboles y arbustos existentes, como se observa en las zonas de Nicaragua.

The trees and shrubs were surveyed in the southern side of the island of Ometepe outside of the large lake in Nicaragua at altitudes from 500m to 1350m. In addition trees and shrubs are down from 500m to zero next to the lake and in the north area of Ometepe but those are not included in the study.

The trees and shrubs taxa uncultivated and unplanted in south Ometepe were verified by me, a local man high in south Ometepe and by Mesoamerica.

The climate data at southern Ometepe veries from an annual precipitation of 1386m up to possibly 1600m. Future climate changes could create major problems for existing trees and shrubs which is verified in Nicaragua areas.

Las especies de árboles, arbustos y helechos arborescentes se estudiaron en el bosque nuboso de cuatro bosques nubosos en Nicaragua saber Cerro Jesús en la provincia de Nueva Segovia en la frontera con Honduras, La Perla a La Cebollal de la reserva de Miraflor en la provincia de Estelí, Selva Negra en la provincia de Matagalpa y Peñas Blancas en Matagalpa y Jinotega. Estos estudios se extienden de altitudes de 1300m a 1800m son también incluidos en las listas de taxones. También los estudios registraron las especies dominantes de nivel superior y segundo nivel.

La tolerancia climática de las especies que se encontraron o recomendaron se estimó de dos fuentes: su distribución en Centroamérica en relación de los estimados climáticos para esas ubicaciones y publicaciones de su tolerancia climática. Los hechos climáticos más importantes que afectan distribución parecen ser la precipitación media anual mínima, la sequía de meses consecutivos y las inundaciones. Hay especies de todos los niveles del bosque nuboso que probablemente sufrirán el cambio climático. Incluso si la precipitación anual se mantiene similar, el problema probablemente será un mayor número de días consecutivos de sequía y de inundaciones.

Las recomendaciones de forestación se basan en la tolerancia deducida de árboles, arbustos y helechos arborescentes a las condiciones climáticas, tanto actuales como futuras, junto con su valor potencial para el medio ambiente local, en particular la regeneración del suelo y los beneficios para la fauna silvestre. En relación con el clima futuro, las recomendaciones para la forestación de taxones en bosques nubosos requieren un alto nivel de clima.

En general, la superficie de Nicaragua es una mezcla de áreas forestales que incluyen frecuentemente bosques nubosos, bosques en zonas más bajas, zonas deforestadas y zonas de café.

Label halal telah menjadi elemen penting dalam perdagangan global, terutama dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen Muslim yang terus meningkat. Prinsip halal dalam hukum Islam, yang berakar pada konsep halalan tayyiban, mencakup standar kebersihan, keamanan, dan etika dalam produksi barang dan jasa. Namun, globalisasi menghadirkan tantangan signifikan dalam memastikan keselarasan prinsip hukum Islam dengan standar internasional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana hukum Islam dapat diintegrasikan dengan standar internasional dalam proses sertifikasi halal, mengidentifikasi tantangan yang ada, serta peluang yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam perdagangan global. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Artikel ini menyoroti keselarasan nilai-nilai halal dalam hukum Islam dengan panduan standar internasional, seperti ISO 22000 dan standar regional lainnya. Pembahasan mencakup peran lembaga sertifikasi halal dalam menciptakan jembatan antara norma Islam dan kebutuhan global, tantangan dalam perbedaan interpretasi halal, serta hambatan ekonomi seperti biaya sertifikasi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harmonisasi hukum Islam dan standar internasional sangat mungkin dilakukan melalui kolaborasi yang melibatkan ulama, regulator, dan pelaku bisnis. Diplomasi halal juga dapat menjadi alat strategis untuk memperkuat posisi negara-negara mayoritas Muslim di pasar global. Dengan inovasi teknologi seperti pelacakan halal berbasis blockchain dan promosi edukasi halal secara luas, integrasi ini dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar, tidak hanya bagi konsumen Muslim, tetapi juga bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi global secara keseluruhan.

The research was conducted to identify the specific growing areas and traditional production and conservation practices on Arabica coffee in the different municipalities of Benguet. Locations of Arabica coffee production areas were obtained using a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation device and processed through ArcView software to generate maps. A survey instrument was pretested then formal and informal interviews were conducted with 106 coffee growers in the 13 municipalities of Benguet. Secondary data were obtained from the local government units and other government agencies. Arabica coffee in Benguet thrives at elevations ranging from 531 to 1,800 m asl classified under three agro-ecological zones; the high hills, low mountain and mid-mountain zones. The high hills zone with elevations from 500-1,000 m asl had temperatures ranging from 28.95-32.30C; areas under low mountain zones had elevations from 1,001 to 1,500 m with temperature range of 25.43-28.0 0C and the mid-mountain zone (1,501-2,000 m asl) has temperature range of 18.0-24.00C. The common cropping pattern practiced among the coffee growers was the combination Arabica coffee with agricultural crops and woody perennials. Production and conservation practices of Arabica coffee growers such as raising seedlings in a nursery or in shaded areas, transplanting of wildlings growing under coffee plants to a new growing site, and rejuvenation through tapping or capping and pruning of old Arabica coffee trees were noted. Production practices observed by Arabica coffee growers was mainly organic. There was non-application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides among Arabica coffee growers. 134 Areas under low mountain zones had elevations from 1,001 to 1,500 m asl which include most parts of Bokod,

Antecedentes del sector 2.2. Aspectos generales de la producción del café en El Salvador 2.3. Situación macroeconómica del mercado del Café 2.4. Situación de otorgamiento de créditos para el sector del café en El Salvador 2.4.2. Microcréditos en El Salvador CAPÍTULO 3 INVESTIGACIÓN Y DIAGNÓSTICO .

Object: The intention of this article is to evidence results derived from an academical research process placed in a community, whose interest is observing the social and institutional dynamics of Cooperativa Multiactiva de Productores y Turismo Agropecuario – COMPYTA, in the rural settlement of Bajo Arroyo, municipality of Villamaria – Caldas, in Colombia. Methodology: Considering qualitative research methods, conceptual categories and context were analyzed through the application of tools for data gathering and analysis. This, in the aims of establishing the relation of the associates in the cooperative with local and external actors in the territory. Finding: COMPYTA is a local cooperative organization that manages presence in the territory and delivers sense of articulated teamwork. Through the actions placed by their associates, it is possible to establish conscience for teamwork and generation of value for those people who join their activities. Conclusion: Contributions from ...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membedakan jenis kopi spesialti (kopi Gayo, Kintamani, dan Wamena) berdasarkan sifat optik menggunakan UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2017. Komposisi bahan yang digunakan pada setiap sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1 gram dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 sampel untuk setiap jenis kopi Gayo, Kintamani, dan Wamena. Setiap sampel diambil data spektra sebanyak 2 kali. Setelah didapatkan data absorban, langkah selanjutnya yaitu menggabungkan data absorban dari sampel kopi Gayo, Kintamani, dan Wamena ke dalam Microsoft Excel yang kemudian akan diolah menggunakan software The Unscrambler versi 9.2. Data absorban dari 300 sampel diolah menggunakan metode Principal Component Analysis (PCA) untuk mendapatkan nilai faktor dari Principal Component (PC). Setelah itu, model kalibrasi dan validasi dibangun menggunakan metode PLS-DA. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi model menggunakan beberapa parameter seperti R2, RMS...

The taxa of trees, shrubs and tree ferns species were surveyed in the cloud forest of four cloud forests in Nicaragua namely Cerro Jesús in the province of Nueva Segovia on the Honduras border, La Perla to La Cebollal in the reserve of Miraflor in the province of Estelí, Selva Negra in the province of Matagalpa and Peñas Blancas in the province of Matagalpa and Jinotega. These surveys range from altitudes of 1300m to 1800m are also included in the taxa lists. The surveys also recorded dominant top tier and second tier species.

The climate tolerance of the species which were found or recommended was estimated from two sources: their distribution in Central America in relation to climate estimates for those locations and publications on their climate tolerance. The most important climatic factors which affect distribution appear to be mean annual minimum precipitation, drought of consecutive months and inundations.
There are species of all tiers of cloud forest which probably are going to suffer from climate change. Even if annual precipitation remains similar a problem is probably going to be more consecutive days of drought and more days of inundations.

Forestation recommendations are made on the basis of the deduced tolerance of trees, shrubs and tree ferns to climatic conditions for both the current climate and the predicted future together with their potential value to the local environment particularly regeneration of land and benefits for wild animals. In relation to the future climate, recommendations for forestation taxa in cloud forests require a high climate amount.

Overall the area of Nicaragua is a mixture of forest areas including frequently of cloud forests, forests at lower areas, deforestation and coffee areas.

El presente artículo se presenta en la modalidad de reflexión derivada de una investigación con trabajo de campo sobre la forma como la comunidad de Salamina (Caldas) vive su patrimonio cultural en general, y específicamente, su patrimonio arquitectónico. Como parte del reconocimiento del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia (PCCC) se han realizado múltiples estudios desde la academia y los entes gubernamentales, los cuales buscan definir y caracterizar los diferentes aspectos de ese paisaje a partir del conocimiento técnico de los expertos, aunque dicho conocimiento no se ha confrontado adecuadamente con los saberes cotidianos de la población. La escasa participación con los colectivos sociales locales deriva en que la sociedad integrante del PCCC no tenga real conciencia de sí misma como el factor vivo que garantiza la sostenibilidad de ese entorno. En respuesta a esta condición, el Grupo de Patrimonio de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (sede Manizales) ha desarrollado dos procesos.

Según los postulados de la New Economic History es posible diseñar un conjunto de principios y técnicas aplicables indiscriminadamente al pasado, al presente o al futuro. McGreevey nos dice que en la investigación histórica se puede hacer uso del mismo enfoque de los planificadores, “el análisis de costo-beneficio para determinar si debe llevarse a cabo un proyecto de electrificación”. Estos análisis se efectúan mediante modelos construidos sobre “variables independientes” que expresan “la información disponible” que pueda ser “conceptualmente mensurable”. Las relaciones entre las variables del modelo deben producir “hipótesis” que se aceptan o rechazan después de probarlas. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es argumentar contra tales métodos. La crítica está dirigida principalmente al capítulo IX de la Historia Económica de Colombia, en donde el autor combina el método hipotético deductivo con uno que él denomina análisis cualitativo y construye un “modelo de cambio agrario” que explicaría de qué manera “las condiciones de la oferta de café” llevaron a la transición hacia el “desarrollo auto sostenido”. Primero discuto algunos aspectos generales de la validez metodológica de los modelos, posteriormente ensayo una crítica para confrontar el “modelo de cambio agrario” con la realidad histórica que pretende iluminar y por último sugiero algunas líneas alternativas para la investigación del período de la expansión del café.

Coffee in Saudi Arabia is far more than a beverage; it is a vibrant tapestry of heritage, social cohesion, and economic ambition. This study examines the profound interplay between coffee (qahwa) and Saudi identity, tracing its historical roots from 15th-century trade routes to its modern-day role as a pillar of cultural and economic resilience. Through a mixed-method approach—including qualitative interviews, ethnographic observations, and literature analysis—the research unveils how coffee rituals, such as the Bedouin Ghawah ceremony, embody symbolic interactionism and communitas, fostering trust and unity in a collectivist society. Over 94% of Saudi households uphold coffee hospitality as a moral obligation, while 72% of youth frequent coffeehouses (maqha) weekly, bridging generational divides. Economically, the sector thrives as a Vision 2030 priority: the $1.54 billion market grows at 5.12% annually, with the Saudi Coffee Company targeting 2,500 tons of domestic production and 8,000 jobs by 2030 (Statista, 2025; PIF, 2022). UNESCO’s 2021 recognition of Arabic coffee as Intangible Heritage underscores its global legacy, while sustainable practices and coffee tourism offer pathways for economic diversification. Policymakers, economists, and cultural custodians will find here a blueprint for harmonizing heritage with progress, ensuring that every cup of qahwa brews a future as rich as its past.

ANELISE KOWALSKI-Actriţă, 34 de ani (ANE pentru prieteni) MIHAELA ARGEŞAN-Biofizician, 33 de ani (MIHA pentru prieteni) (Ȋn scenă este întuneric-Din off se aud paşi-Două voci, nedesluşite, chicotind-Intră pe scena, în beznă, Al Cool, târşâind picioarele-Se aude un zgomot de sticle lovindu-se unele de altele-Din off se aude vocea lui Codin) CODIN-(Din off) Eu sunt gata. AL COOL-Fiat lux! (Nu se întâmplă nimic) Am spus, fiat lux… CODIN-Imediat! (Din off-Codin tuşeşte câteva secunde-Tusea încetează) Gata. Hai, reia… bagă!