Buyer Supplier Relationship

The management of outsourced information systems development (ISD) projects is both complex and problematic due to the type of outsourcing arrangement, the nature of the work that is outsourced, and the relationship between the vendor and client. Moreover, outsourced projects are conducted in an unstructured environment with divergent organizational expectations. Existing project management techniques and methodologies may not be sufficient to resolve such complexity, and project management needs to encompass knowledge-based aspects of management. Knowledge-based practices (KBPs) are directed to exploring, understanding and making sense of complex situations, sharing that understanding and using that understanding to inform actions to resolve that complexity. These KBPs need to be explicitly included in an expanded repertoire of project management techniques. In this paper we explore how KBPs facilitate the conduct execution of an outsourced ISD projects through a case study in a large Australian federal government department. Our study shows how KBPs operationalize and formalise a knowledge-based approach to project management for the successful delivery and management of outsourced projects. Significantly our study shows that KBPs are not only used within the project boundary but are also applied outside of the project boundaries boundary to address project complexity at a broader, strategic organizational level.

PurposeThis purpose of this paper is to introduce strategic purchasing (SP) and supplier development (SD) as constructs that could have the potential to contribute to the success of relationship marketing efforts. Based on the relational view of the firm, the authors propose that SP is an antecedent of SD practices and can create value for the buying firm in terms of better purchasing performance.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses derived from the key features of SP and SD practices are tested using structural equation modeling through field research on a sample of 306 manufacturing companies in Spain.FindingsFindings from this study indicate that there is significant evidence to support the hypothesized model in which SP exerts a direct influence on SD practices and purchasing performance, as well as an indirect impact on purchasing performance mediated through SD.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is necessary to increase our understanding of a buyer's strate...

Purpose -This paper aims to advance buyer-supplier relationship management research by integrating transaction cost economics, social exchange theory, and institutional theory. The specific purpose is to identify the determinants of relational adaptation in the service relationship. Design/methodology/approach -This study used a field survey to collect data. It used structural equation modeling for data analyses. It collected data from the population of supplier organizations of a focal firm, which is an international container port terminal operator. Findings -We find that that transaction specific investment, business uncertainty, trust, and social respect are positively related to a supplier's relational adaptation. Research limitations/implications -this research provides a synthesis of effects of exchange hazards, relational norms, and legitimacy to explain a supplier's adaptation behaviors. Practical implications -Our study has several managerial implications that are helpful for firms to elicit adaptation from their partner firms. First, specific investment can be useful to serve as an interfirm governance mechanism to attain relational adaptation. Second, the development of trust and social respect in customer relationship is important for firms to attain relational adaptation. Originality/value -The novelty of this paper lies in an integrative synthesis of transaction cost economics, social exchange theory, and institutional theory. Based on three different mechanisms, we provide a holistic explanation for relational adaptation behaviors in buy-supplier relationship.

Although the concepts of relational and contractual governance in inter-organizational relationships have attracted academic and practitioner interest over the last decades, to date there have been limited comprehensive and systematic efforts to review, analyse and synthesise extant literature. We review and analyse 1,415 publications identified from a wide range of management disciplines and journals from 1990 to 2018. We deploy bibliographic and content analyses to offer a comprehensive literature analyses and synthesis and subsequently develop and position a multidimensional framework of exchange governance. The proposed framework covers existing conceptualisations of exchange governance and its diverse mechanisms, environmental dimensions influencing the use of exchange governance mechanisms and performance implications. We uncover areas that are currently under-studied and draw out fruitful future research avenues.

Dubai stands as the Middle East's premier destination for spectacular events, from intimate gatherings to grand corporate celebrations. The city's stunning venues, world-class infrastructure, and multicultural atmosphere create the perfect backdrop for unforgettable experiences. However, navigating Dubai's competitive event landscape requires expertise, cultural sensitivity, and meticulous planning to ensure your event stands out and delivers exceptional results. Professional event management has become essential for success in Dubai's dynamic marketplace. The city's rapid growth as a global business hub has elevated expectations for event quality, creativity, and execution. Whether you're planning a product launch, annual conference, or exclusive networking event, partnering with experienced professionals ensures your investment delivers maximum impact while avoiding common pitfalls that can derail even well-intentioned celebrations.

Resumo: Gestão Verde da Cadeia de Suprimentos (GVCS) é um tema emergente na gestão de operações voltado à adoção de práticas intra e interorganizacionais para estimular a sustentabilidade em cadeias produtivas. Capital Relacional (CR), também um tema emergente, tem papel relevante para redimensionar as visões baseadas unicamente em custos de transação e recursos para uma visão baseada em relações que envolvam governança de informações, confiança e longevidade nas relações, buscando resultados positivos para todos os integrantes da cadeia. Este artigo revisa e critica a literatura seminal de ativos intangíveis para resgatar atributos de CR e relacioná-los ao desenvolvimento da GVCS. Utilizando-se de método exploratório e descritivo, são identificados estudos recentes sobre CR e GVCS quanto aos seus descritores -formas como o CR é entendido e utilizado na GVCS; foco -finalidade principal do uso do CR; e direcionalidade -se os desenvolvimentos do CR na GVCS são direcionados do produtor a seus fornecedores e clientes, ou se estes últimos também direcionam resultados do CR. Conclui-se que, em geral, há unidirecionalidade de aplicação desses esforços: iniciativas de melhoria partem do produtor para o desenvolvimento do fornecedor ou do cliente, mas pouco se exploram os processos pelos quais práticas ambientais de fornecedores e clientes influenciam o desempenho na GVCS.

The study intends to investigate mediating role of supplier quality improvement on relationship between top management commitment and resource utilization in Indian automotive sector. It is a given that the management of an organization plays a vital role in the success of an organization, which includes managing strategic resources and forming strategic alliances with key stakeholders. For manufacturing organizations where suppliers become an indispensable stakeholder in the organization's value chain, maintaining supplier quality leads to sustainable profits for the organization. Hence, a conceptual framework based on extant literature review is proposed for extracted constructs, namely top management commitment, supplier quality improvement, and resource utilization to analyze a possible relationship between the three constructs. To validate the proposed hypothesized relationships, data were collected by sending research instrument to senior management executives of Indian automotive organizations. Results of data analysis suggest that supplier quality improvement mediates the impact of top management commitment on resource utilization. Study strongly recommends that for optimum utilization of resources, automotive organization(s) must develop long-term relationship with selected set of trusted supplier's. Further, results suggest that as much as possible real-time voice of customer ought to be communicated to the selected set of suppliers.

From a conceptual point of view it is accepted that in order to understand the business environment of companies we have to look beyond ordinary buyer-supplier relationships and into intricate webs of firms forming networks. The existing literature on buyer-supplier relationships rarely makes a connection between a dyadic and a network approach and most empirical studies fail to catch the complexity of business interactions. This paper, by exploring dyadic relationships within a network context attempts to make relevant contributions to the emerging body of knowledge in this important arena. The main objective of the study is to understand the dynamics of the relationships between a major automotive manufacturer with a network form of organisation and its suppliers located in Portugal. More specifically, this study attempts to capture the nature of the dyadic relationships involved and to identify the factors influencing their nature and development. In this paper an inter-disciplinary approach to inter-organisational relationships is followed, based on the combination of several research streams in which Supply Chain Management, Purchasing and Industrial Marketing appear as the major parent disciplines to the specific topics under investigation. A case study is favoured and in-depth interviews with key informants within both parties are undertaken. A conceptual framework, using Partnering as a central construct, is developed as a basis for the fieldwork. A Dyadic Process Model, constructed in the light of the findings of the case study where connections between contextual factors are specified, is presented. 1

Elsevier: ***Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Elsevier. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. ***

This study explores a more humane and community-rooted way of resolving labor disputes in
East Java’s garment industry—a sector that plays a vital role in the national economy,
contributing around 17% of textile exports. Following the pandemic, conflicts over wages,
layoffs, and union rights have risen sharply—by 22%, according to the Ministry of Manpower
(2023). However, only 58% of these cases are resolved through formal conciliation
mechanisms (BPSHI, 2023), which often fall short due to employers' resistance to
recommendations and workers’ limited legal awareness, particularly among women, who
make up 74% of the workforce and face greater vulnerability. Through qualitative research
and case studies, this study highlights the potential of factory-level deliberation based on local
values—such as kinship, mutual consensus, and community spirit—to create inclusive and
respectful spaces for dialogue. These values help build trust, reduce tension, and prevent
conflicts from escalating. Still, the presence of neutral facilitators is crucial to avoid power
imbalances and ensure fair participation. Findings suggest that a hybrid model—combining
formal legal principles with local wisdom—can lead to fairer, more sustainable outcomes that
are sensitive to gender and social dynamics. This approach not only helps bridge the gap
between workers and employers but also strengthens the sense of justice rooted in shared values.

Employee branding is a marketing strategy for companies that focuses on how employees perceive, feel, and represent the company's brand, both inside and outside the organization. This is an effort to create a positive image of the company in the eyes of employees and motivate them to become active brand ambassadors. of employee branding is to build a positive image of the company in the eyes of employees, which in turn will increase their loyalty, retention, and productivity. Employees who feel proud of their place of work will be more motivated to give their best and voluntarily promote the company to others. There is a violation of cause and effect if you do not do Employee Branding.

Analyses the dimensions of service in the co‐operative buyer‐supplier interaction and presents an interpretative scheme which links some of the basic service management concepts with some critical aspects in the current supply environment. On the basis of the results from a case study of the Zanussi Appliances Company (Electrolux Group), examines the dimensions of service in the co‐operative buyer‐supplier relationship. Discusses the main organizational and operational implications.

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, Indonesia mengalami gelombang Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) massal yang mengancam stabilitas ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Banyak perusahaan dari berbagai sektor, termasuk manufaktur, teknologi, dan konstruksi, melakukan pemangkasan tenaga kerja dalam jumlah besar. Fenomena ini tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi global, tetapi juga dipicu oleh berbagai permasalahan domestik, salah satunya adalah korupsi dalam mega proyek pemerintah. Mega proyek, yang seharusnya menjadi pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, sering kali menjadi ajang praktik korupsi yang merugikan negara dan masyarakat luas. Banyak proyek infrastruktur, energi, dan transportasi yang mengalami keterlambatan, pembengkakan anggaran, atau bahkan mangkrak akibat ulah para pejabat dan pengusaha yang menyalahgunakan dana publik. Ketika dana yang seharusnya digunakan untuk membangun infrastruktur dialihkan ke kantong pribadi, dampaknya tidak hanya terasa dalam proyek tersebut, tetapi juga pada sektor lain yang bergantung pada keberlangsungan proyek tersebut. Salah satu dampak nyata dari korupsi mega proyek adalah berkurangnya peluang kerja. Seharusnya, proyek-proyek besar yang digagas pemerintah dapat menyerap banyak tenaga kerja,

Small firms face distinct problems and opportunities when procuring IT resources. Whereas previous work focused at the level of firm or buyer-supplier dyad, we address portfolios of buyersupplier relationships at an online marketplace for IT services. Using the portfolio approach, we develop a buyers taxonomy and analyze properties of resulting clusters. Our investigation reveals four clusters of buyers with distinct mixes of long-term and short-term supplier relationships. Although reverse auctions are found to be associated with short-term relationships and negotiations support long-term relationships, buyers in different clusters use the two mechanisms in combination to a different extent.

Most studies on the role of IT for economic exchange predicted that under a given set of exchange attributes buyers would choose a certain mode of relationship with suppliers. Our study of an online IT services marketplace revealed that buyers do not have a single, uniformly preferred type of relationship, but rather maintain a portfolio of relationships. Furthermore, different buyers arrange their portfolios of exchange relationships in different ways. We found four clusters of buyers' portfolios of relationships labeled Transactional buyers, Recurrent buyers, Small diversifiers and Large diversifiers, that differ in their usage of auction or negotiation mechanism, their supplier relations as well as their usage of preferred suppliers. Our results thus paint a richer picture of how buyers organize their supplier networks online.

The contemporary view of competitiveness and strategy is based on the foundation that customer value is created by firms working together for common aims and not created by firms working in isolation. Therefore there is increasing recognition that firms who engage in co-operative long-term partnerships, improve the operation of the supply chain as a whole for the mutual benefit of all parties involved. However researchers have suggested that the degree of partnership that develops between a buyer and a supplier, and the performance outcomes achieved, are likely to be moderated by firm, market or product characteristics. Therefore using data collected from a survey of UK fresh produce suppliers, this study investigates how differences, in terms of size, type of product supplied, number and type of customers supplied, and the length of the customer relationship, influences the development and performance of buyer-supplier relationships in the UK fresh produce industry.

Ketimpangan perlakuan antara karyawan tetap dan kontrak masih menjadi isu krusial di berbagai perusahaan industri. Artikel ini mengkaji dampak psikologis yang dialami oleh karyawan kontrak akibat perbedaan signifikan dalam akses terhadap lembur, bonus, fasilitas kerja, serta ruang partisipasi dalam serikat pekerja. Ketidaksetaraan tersebut memunculkan rasa tidak dihargai, ketidakamanan kerja, hingga menurunnya loyalitas dan produktivitas. Tulisan ini menekankan pentingnya penerapan prinsip keadilan organisasional sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis karyawan dan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang inklusif. Dengan membangun sistem ketenagakerjaan yang adil, perusahaan dapat meraih manfaat jangka panjang berupa peningkatan motivasi, harmonisasi hubungan kerja, dan keberlanjutan organisasi.

Objective
When two or more organizations seek to enhance their collaboration, they may opt to form strategic alliances. These alliances aim to progress cooperatively toward shared goals through resource sharing, while maintaining their independence. Maturity models are essential tools for aiding manufacturing organizations in developing their partnerships. However, there is a lack of empirical research on creating a strategic alliance maturity model with clear guidelines. Consequently, no existing model effectively measures the maturity of a strategic alliance, particularly one that can address inaccuracies due to human judgment and inherent evaluation uncertainties. This research aims to design a method to assess the maturity level of strategic alliances, providing a better understanding of the current state of cooperation based on strategic alliance maturity criteria.

Methods
This research developed a maturity model using fuzzy logic to evaluate the status of a collaboration at a specific point in time. The strategic alliance maturity model, based on fuzzy logic, was created through a clear and precise procedure and a multi-method approach, including literature reviews, interviews, focus groups, and case studies. A weighted fuzzy inference system combined with the fuzzy data envelopment analysis technique was employed to measure maturity levels using specific indicators. Additionally, a genetic algorithm was applied to generate a set of fuzzy rules. Like all maturity models, the one developed in this research consists of two main components: the maturity levels of the strategic alliance and its maturity dimensions.

We investigate the value of accounting for demand seasonality in inventory control. We consider a single-location, single-item periodic-review lost sales inventory problem with seasonal demand in a retail environment. Customer demand has seasonality with a known season length, the lead time is shorter than the review period, and orders are placed as multiples of a fixed batch size. The cost structure comprises of a cost per order, a fixed cost per batch, and a per unit variable cost to model retail handling costs. We consider four ...

Our research investigates the effect of buyer-supplier relationship governance mechanisms on performance outcomes. We propose trust, commitment, and communication as the key determinants of buyer-supplier performance outcomes. With use of regression, moderation, and mediation analyses we empirically test the hypothesized relationships using a sample of 95 Dutch firms from the maintenance service industry. The results provide strong support for effects of trust, commitment, and communication on quality improvement and customer satisfaction. Additionally, we examine inner-effects between the predictors and effects of different contract types. Our final implication is that trust and commitment mediate the effect of communication on performance outcomes.

Buruh pabrik dan buruh Tani merupakan kelompok pekerja yang mengerakan perekonomian bangsa, buruh pabrik berkontibusi didalam produksi barang industry, dan buruh Tani berkontribusi dalam produki bahan pangan dan komoditi pangan. Kedua kelompok ini secara langsung maupun tidak langsung mempengarui pertumbuhan ekonomi sebuah bangsa

While numerous articles have investigated the supply chain (SC) complexity, the empirical evidence of the ensuring benefits from managing SC and utilizing firm competencies is not reported. Nowadays, in the manufacturing sector, managing suppliers can account for up to 80% of the actual costs. Therefore, along with the increasing involvement of suppliers, the importance of the upstream side of supply chains has emerged. And it has attracted increasing attention from the practice. This paper aims to assist organizations in developing fundamental competencies in the purchasing function to minimize upstream supply chain complexity. It presents a novel purchasing competency model based on a process approach in order to exploit a firm's competencies in the most effective and efficient way.

The rationale for effective inter-organisational buyer-supplier relationship is consistently governed by the extent of its commitment to equitable justice perception, relevant performance metrics and high utilization of sensitive predictors of performance outcomes. Based on the conceptual model from the perspective of system theory, the mediating role of trust, satisfaction and socialization would be examine against the effect of antecedent variable such as interpersonal and informational justice towards achieving superior supplier performance. The expectation is, there would be a greatest impact of informational and interpersonal justice on trust, satisfaction and socialization, with an indirect effect on supplier performance in a long term cooperative relationship. There are extensive study on the buyer-supplier relationship and how the buying firm manages its supplier though, recent researches have articulate the need to investigate the impact of informational and interpersonal justice on behavioural performance because of the little attention paid to it , and the effect of information on project outcomes on supplier performance via the relevant yet to be examine mediating factors. In this paper we argue that, a relevant specific mutual justice perception is associated with socialization mechanism, trust, and satisfaction and supplier performance. We also explicate the antecedent conditions resulting to eventual superior supplier performance with anecdotal point of reference to our claim.

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, fleksibilitas ketenagakerjaan menjadi salah satu isu yang banyak diperbincangkan di Indonesia. Konsep ini muncul sebagai respons terhadap dinamika ekonomi global dan perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat. Fleksibilitas kerja, seperti sistem kontrak jangka pendek dan kerja paruh waktu, diklaim dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan daya saing perusahaan. Namun, di sisi lain, kebijakan ini sering kali berdampak negatif bagi para pekerja, terutama dalam hal kepastian kerja dan kesejahteraan. Artikel ini akan membahas dampak fleksibilitas ketenagakerjaan bagi pekerja serta mengkaji sejauh mana kebijakan ini menguntungkan atau merugikan tenaga kerja Indonesia. Fleksibilitas ketenagakerjaan juga menimbulkan berbagai tantangan bagi pekerja. Ketidakpastian status pekerjaan, kurangnya jaminan sosial, dan risiko eksploitasi menjadi beberapa dampak negatif yang sering kali muncul. Banyak pekerja menghadapi kondisi kerja yang tidak stabil dan sulit untuk merencanakan masa depan mereka secara finansial.

Present‐day competitiveness has brought about a marked evolution in supply management, imposing on firms an increasingly close interaction with suppliers. The achievement of high‐level performances in terms of cost, quality and time to market appears ever more dependent on the quality and effectiveness of the supply network. This transformation modifies the traditional adversarial model of the buyer‐supplier relationship and fosters the reconfiguration and integrated management of the supply chain. At the same time, competitive dynamics and current global competing models encourage the extension of traditional sourcing areas. Analyses these evolutionary aspects of the current supply environment and examines the new role of the purchasing function.

In recent years, although many incumbent manufacturers are seeking sources of revenue from service using web technology (e-service), many such firms have failed to succeed. In this study, three major perspectives relating to service business are reviewed, followed by an indepth case study on a new e-service business design and implementation initiative at a heavy machinery manufacturing firm to examine the applicability of these perspectives and to discuss the implications. It is thus confirmed that profitable e-services can be designed based on strategic fitting to capability and position already built by the firm in its conventional business, with repeat prototyping to elicit potential customers' requirements. The resulting e-service system makes the service offering complementary to and dependent upon products the firm manufactures to raise the entry barrier against competitors. Furthermore, back office improvements are considered to be essential to implement e-services, especially for firms having complex and lengthy supply chains such as in the heavy machinery industry. Key success factors in the context of back office improvements are discussed.

This article concentrates on the relationship between companies and their suppliers with a specific focus on the impact that information and communication technologies (ICTs) have on industrial (business to business) purchasing processes. After reviewing the extant literature, we classify the potential impact of ICTs on the buyer-supplier interactions into three main categories, i.e. impact on buyer-supplier relationship, impact on purchase process efficiency and impact on logistics process performance. Whilst scholars generally agree on the impact ICTs may have on buyer-supplier exchanges, they have not investigated concurrently all of these three impacts to understand their comparative relevance and the context in which this comparative relevance may change. In order to redress this gap in the literature our research study focuses on a particular form of ICT solutionsupplier portalsand takes a supplier (rather than buyer) perspective. We explore empirical evidence from a single customer-multiple supplier case study, that of the Ferrari Auto supplier portal. Our study leads us to contend that suppliers view such portals as offering far more significant benefits to their relationship with customers than to the improvements in purchase process efficiency or to the performance of buyer-supplier logistics processes. We conclude with a short discussion of the main managerial implications and suggestions for future research.

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate what are the conditions for effective partnering in a strategic process as the New Product Development. The issues about the design, the management and the maintenance of a partnership have been investigated by many authors. Nevertheless, the conditions for effective collaboration in a strategic process as the New Product Development can be exploited much more, particularly in specific conditions as those we chose, i.e. the development of a core new product (with high risks both on the marketing and technological side) between a customer-supplier relationship unbalanced in terms of bargaining power and reciprocal competences. The case history we investigated s the interaction between Amplifon and Siemens. Through the analysis of this experience, we aim to demonstrate that in similar conditions, customer-supplier partnership can be successful if the relationship is a long term one, with high frequency of interactions, the players have complementary competencies, clearly distinguishable and distinctive of their core business, with few or no overlapping in terms of stages of the value chain owned. Finally they have to invest significantly in the building up of strong and reciprocal integrative capacity, to counterbalance their lack of absorptive capacity.

The global competition requires that the companies adapt themselves to technological changes rapidly, develop new products, reduce the cost, shorten the time to market, and increase the quality. In this context, supplier involvement in New Product Development (NPD) is determinant for a company to respond to the requirements of the increasingly dynamic markets. The main purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the importance of supplier involvement in NPD, buyersupplier relationships and their effects on buyer's NPD process, highlighting the benefi ts of supplier involvement, the barriers, the strategic aspects and industry aspects. These issues are addressed with a case study from the semiconductor industry. Besides helping to understand NPD in the semiconductor industry, the contribution and fi ndings of this work are clear: the results achieved confi rm the fi ndings of studies referred in the literature review, and confi rm that the semiconductor industry sector requires a closer and more complex relationship structure with suppliers, given the specifi cities and challenges of the sector, such as rapid technological changes, permanent innovation, global competition, reduction of cost and time-to-market cycle, increased capacity, among other. The main contribution of the paper to the scientifi c literature and to managers is the better understanding of the buyer-supplier relationships in NPD in the semiconductor industry.

Modularity in product design and flexible supply chains is increasingly common in buyer–supplier relationships. Although the benefits of supply chain flexibility and component modularity for end-product manufacturers are accepted, little is known about their impact on suppliers. We advance the literature on modularity by exploring how three aspects of a supplier’s relationships with its customers affect the supplier’s survival: duration of buyer–supplier relationships, autonomy from customers, and links to prominent buyers. We compared the effects of these aspects of buyer–supplier relationships for low- and high-modularity components. Using data on U.S. carburetor and clutch manufacturers from 1918 to 1942, we found that suppliers of high-modularity components benefited more from autonomy provided by potential customers, whereas suppliers of low-modularity components benefited more from ties to higher status customers. Both benefited from autonomy generated by existing customers. T...

Purpose This study aims to present an integrated framework and investigate the enabling roles of governance mechanisms (i.e. contract, interdependence, trust and communication) in the choice of effective conflict resolution strategies (CRS) that in turn facilitate buyer–supplier relationship (BSR) performance. Design/methodology/approach Using Web-survey, data are collected from 170 Finnish small- and medium-sized enterprises that have key relationships with suppliers. This study uses structural equation modeling to test the research framework and hypotheses of the study. Findings The results based on empirical evidence demonstrate how the firms’ choice of CRS depends on the governance mechanisms. The problem solving approach is the most preferable choice, while the legalistic approach remains the last resort influenced by different governance mechanisms. Interdependence and trust between firms drive them to compromise while resolving inter-organizational conflicts. The selected str...

In today’s dynamic business environment, firms are required to utilize efficiently and effectively all the useful resources to gain competitive advantage. Supplier development has evolved as an important strategic instrument to improve buyer supplier relationships. For that reason, this study focuses on providing the strategic significance of supplier development approaches to improve business relationships. By using qualitative research method, an integrated framework of supplier development and buyer-supplier relationship development has been tested and validated in a Finnish case company to provide empirical evidence. It particularly investigates how supplier development approaches can develop buyer-supplier relationships. The study present a set of propositions that identify significant supplier development approaches critical for the development of buyer-supplier relationships and develop a theoretical framework that specifies how these different supplier development approaches...

Firms are collaborating more in supply chain network and identified the importance of business relationships. This idea was embraced by academic and empirical research in operations management since last decade. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive integrated conceptual and empirical framework which elaborates the role of transactional and relational factors to highlight buyer-supplier relationship performance. While, limited studies explored these factors separately neither provide the dynamic interactive role of transactional and relational factors in an integrated framework. Through multiple case studies, findings reveal that impact of relational factors of trust and communication has constructive influence in reducing the transaction cost and improving relationship performance. This study contributes to debate on managing complex business network relationships by providing a combined theoretical setting (transaction cost economics and social exchang...

Academic and corporate interest in supplier development and buyer-supplier relationship has increased substantially in recent years. This paper provides a framework for analyzing the current understanding of supplier development strategies, its impact on performance, and buyer-supplier relationship approaches. There is an increased need for buyers and suppliers to strategically collaborate to build a stronger and long-term relationship. The goal is to get extended understanding in buyer-supplier relationship and supplier development strategies. Supplier development is a process of understanding including four steps 1) supplier assessment, 2) competitive pressure, 3) supplier incentives, and 4) direct involvement. Future research can be more empirical focused including multiple case study in global environment to validate the supplier development strategy approaches and help the organization to develop their supplier's strategies. The presented literature review offers supplier development strategies for empirical case studies and a systematic way to build buyer-supplier relationships to improve the performance.

Fenomena Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK) terjadi setiap tahun dalam jumlah besar dan berdampak luas pada kesejahteraan pekerja, keluarga, dan masyarakat. Tahun 2025, PHK diprediksi akan terjadi pada sekitar 280 ribu pekerja dari 60 perusahaan tekstil. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai faktor penyebab terjadinya PHK dan upaya antisipasi gelombang PHK tahun 2025. Beberapa penyebab PHK antara lain kenaikan pajak pertambahan nilai, pembatasan subsidi pemerintah, dan kenaikan premi Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Pemerintah perlu mencegah terjadinya PHK massal melalui kebijakan yang mendukung sektor industri yang berpotensi PHK, merevisi ketentuan tentang persyaratan PHK, membuat kebijakan impor yang tidak merugikan produk lokal, mendukung pengembangan pasar baru di tingkat internasional, antisipasi dinamika geopolitik global dan melakukan inovasi pelaksanaan Program JKP agar efektif dan efisien. Komisi IX DPR RI perlu mendorong pemerintah agar melaksanakan kebijakan yang tepat dalam rangka menjaga keberlangsungan usaha dan hubungan industrial yang baik serta perlu melakukan pengawasan terhadap pembinaan ketenagakerjaan.

Conventionally, different company-supplier relationship areas have been illustrated by distinguishing five different relationship categories between the supplier or subcontractor and the buyer company, namely adversarial leverage, preferred supplier, single sourcing, network sourcing partnership, and strategic supplier alliance. This implies that the supplier's importance to the buyer company also changes and vice versa. One delayin g element which retards the evolution of a supply relationship is a lack of trust. This element manifests itself as poor information flows, restricted knowledge sharing, and suspicion between stakeholders. Therefore trust is one of the most important elements in improving dyadic relationships. Trust is becoming an ever more essential managing element between companies when they integrate their activities, form and maintain their dyadic relationship, and create control systems. In the paper is discussed personal trust and system-based trust affecting supplier relationships in the supply chain context. Empirical material was collected by means of a survey and interviews. The managers of the case company estimated how they trust and trusted their suppliers and how reliable their suppliers actually are or were. The case company is involved with complicated projects that include several hundred suppliers. We introduce some results from the survey study (sample n=392 persons) and from the interviews with the focus group, in order to explore how the company's defined company-supplier relationship is related to the expected level of trust and how the expected trust varies in different supplier relationships. The results indicate that different aspects and expectation of trust in the case company has led to the situation where the supplier categorization is unclear in the company's organization, which can lead to confusion in supply management. This in turn implies that organization's own attitudes and changes in trust may be a source of dynamics that impedes efficient and effective supply network management.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Supplier Relationship Management on Humanitarian Supply Chain Performance at World Vision Ethiopia Addis Ababa. To achieve the objective of the study, a quantitative approach with an explanatory design is used. A total of 231 valid questionnaires were distributed and collected using a simple random sampling technique. The internal consistency of variables was reliable in the study variables. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics like Pearson’s bivariate correlation and multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The study result indicates that trust, commitment, cooperation and transparency/information sharing had a statistically positive and significant effect on the humanitarian supply chain performance of WVE. Whereas, power, communication and supplier performance management have a positive but statistically insignificant effect on the humanitarian supply chain performance. Accordingly, the researchers suggest practitioners to give emphasis for the supply relationship influencing factors to improve humanitarian supply chain performance. Finally, managerial and theoretical implications are forwarded along with future research directions.

In this paper we investigate the outcomes of supplier development as perceived by the supplier. More specifically, we investigate whether supplier adaptation occurs as a result of the interplay among supplier development, preferential buyer status and supplier relational embeddedness. Supplier relational embeddedness provides information to the buyer about the supplier' s intentions to reciprocate and stay close with the buyer. We examine the linkages between supply chain management research on supplier development, organization theory research on adaptation, social capital and networks in order to investigate how buyers can influence their competitive position in a supplier' s portfolio of competitive buyers. Furthermore, we introduce into our conceptual model a number of relational mediators (i.e. trust, commitment and satisfaction) advancing existent research on supplier development and adaptation. The results show that the relationship between supplier relational embed...

Relation-specific investment in business relationships is not a new, but still a core concept of several research and academic publications. Globalization, intense competition, short product life cycles are only a view phenomenon of today's turbulent economy that lead to more intense collaboration between cooperating partners necessitating such relation-specific investments. In this working paper we basically aim at measuring these relation-specific investments. But in order to be able to measure them, first we have to conceptualize it, develop a scale and also test and validate it.

This study investigates the relationships among supply chain members and its impact on the operationalization of manufacturing flexibility. It is proposed a conceptual model and conducted a field work involving four manufacturing companies to study the influence of four aspects of buyer-supplier relationship (trust/commitment, information sharing, supplier development and joint product development) on three external dimensions of manufacturing flexibility (mix, new products and volume). From the field work the buyersupplier relationships are analyzed and their general characteristics and effects on the operationalization of manufacturing flexibility and manufacturing performance are presented. The analysis of scope and achievability factors indicated little explored flexible options, the presence of potential flexibility or the underutilization of flexible resources in the companies. Finding ways for operationalizing flexibility must be prioritized in order to obtain competitive advantage in manufacturing systems. This work shows how buyer-supplier relationships can influence external dimensions of manufacturing flexibility and manufacturing performance.

This study investigates the relationships among supply chain members and its impact on the operationalization of manufacturing flexibility. It is proposed a conceptual model and conducted a field work involving four manufacturing companies to study the influence of four aspects of buyer-supplier relationship (trust/commitment, information sharing, supplier development and joint product development) on three external dimensions of manufacturing flexibility (mix, new products and volume). From the field work the buyersupplier relationships are analyzed and their general characteristics and effects on the operationalization of manufacturing flexibility and manufacturing performance are presented. The analysis of scope and achievability factors indicated little explored flexible options, the presence of potential flexibility or the underutilization of flexible resources in the companies. Finding ways for operationalizing flexibility must be prioritized in order to obtain competitive advantage in manufacturing systems. This work shows how buyer-supplier relationships can influence external dimensions of manufacturing flexibility and manufacturing performance.

Transformational outsourcing is redefined as a strategic evolution from cost-centric models to deep, collaborative partnerships
that drive organizational innovation and change. This approach highlights the importance for IT firms to engage in outsourcing
that not only achieves cost efficiency but also promotes strategic growth and competitive advantage, focusing on leveraging
core competencies. The analysis explores into the advantages and potential downsides of IT outsourcing, stressing the
necessity for meticulous planning and execution to overcome challenges such as vendor selection, communication gaps, and
risk management, thereby enabling IT companies to boost efficiency, spur innovation, and maintain competitiveness in the
fast-paced tech environment.

The bargaining power of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) plays a vital role in the manufacturing ecosystem and growth of the Intermediate Goods Manufacturers (IGM) under MSME sector in India. After liberalisation and economic reforms, OEM companies started depending on domestic ancillary industries for sourcing intermediate products as part of their operations plan to gain comparative advantages offered by different MSME units in its value chain. The value chains supplying intermediate products are weak both structurally and financially which keeps them on the wrong side while bargaining, hence the impact of the monopsonistic power of the OEM is anticipated to be significant on the growth of IGMs. This study aims to investigate the manifestation of unequal bargaining power and its predicament with business competitiveness, performance and ultimately its impact on the growth of IGMs under MSME sector. This paper discusses how market structure and enterprise considerations influence bargaining power and therefore the need for monitoring monopsonistic power in play and the importance of state intervention to safeguards the interest of IGMs. In short, a comprehensive picture of the factors influencing the bargaining of OEM firms and its impact on the growth of IGMs in the value chains has been attempted through this paper.

How oft the sight of means to do ill deeds Makes deeds ill done!-William Shakespeare, King John, Act 4, Scene 2 D ■ W esearch in marketing channels has been in-■ m. creasingly devoted to examining the nature of relationships among member firms. Transactioncost analysis and relational-exchange theory are the dominant theoretical perspectives underlying such investigations. The goal of both perspectives is to minimize the costs of exchange. One means to that end is the development of governance mechanisms that prevent, or at least minimize, the impact of opportunism on partners in a business relationship.