Bottom Sediments

ABSTRACT: In this study, an approach for the assessment of long term effects of contaminated sediments on the surface water quality of a future reservoir is presented. A one‐dimensional sediment‐water interaction model designed to simulate contaminants associated with the sediments, and the transfer of these contaminants to the overlying water column, was developed. The effect of contaminated bottom sediments on water quality was investigated under different stratification conditions. The numerical model was applied to an existing reservoir (Tahtalı Reservoir) for validation and projected contaminant concentrations based on the soil and water samples collected before inundation of the land. Results were compared with the concentrations obtained from water samples collected during its operation. Next, transfer to a planned reservoir (Çamlı Basin, Izmir) of four heavy metals—copper, zinc, chromium, and lead—existing in bottom sediments of the planned reservoir is modeled. A ten year p...

Baseline levels of the chemical carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene were measured in arctic sediments. Levels were highest in samples from the Mackenzie River delta and adjacent areas of the Beaufort Sea. The distribution of carcinogen did not correspond to the location of inhabited areasa natural rather than a man-made source for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in arctic sediments is indicated. RESUME. Les niveaux minimum de benzo(a)pyrtnes "carcinogtnes", etaient mesurCs chimiquement dans les sediments arctiques. Les plus hauts niveaux venaient d'8chantil-Ions en provenance du delta de fleuve Mackenzie et des parties adjacentes de la Mer de Beaufort. La repartition des "carcinogtnes" ne correspondait pas a la position des regions habitkes; il y a une indication d'une source naturelle plut8t qu'artificielle pour les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les sediments arctiques.

Bведение: в условиях эрозионного рельефа долины выполняют функции транзита и аккумуляции материала, состав которого формируется под влиянием природных и техногенных факторов. Изучение состава аллювиальных образований на урбанизированных территориях имеет прикладное значение для анализа потоков вещества. Цель статьи - исследование вещественного состава балочного аллювия на территории города Камышина (Волгоградская область). Методика: в 2022 году проведен отбор 22 проб аллювиальных образований, в том числе 20 - по длине балок, 2 - в устьевых створах малых рек. Выполнены анализы: минерального состава-на рентгеновском дифрактометре D8 ENDEAVOR; химического состава-на рентгеновском аппарате «Спектроскан МАКС-GVM»; микроскопическое изучение проб-на микроскопе МБС-10. Результаты и обсуждение: в составе балочного аллювия отражаются три основные обстановки его накопления. В условиях преобладания глубинной эрозии состав наносов приближается к размываемым горным породам - пескам и песчаникам (содержание кварца >80 %, SiO2>60 %). При отсутствии глубинной эрозии и накоплении в тальвеге почвенного материала, поступающего из боковых отвершков и с плоскостным смывом, доля кварца уменьшается до 50-70 % (SiO2 40-60 %), возрастает содержание гидрослюд, каолинита и полевых шпатов; в петрохимическом составе-рост величины потерь при прокаливании и содержания Al2O3. При заболачивании устьевых частей балок ключевую роль играет биогенная аккумуляция химических элементов, с чем связана пониженная доля кварца (<50 %) и SiO2 (<40 %), повышенное содержание кальцита, хлорита и гидрослюд; максимальные значения потерь при прокаливании. Повышенное содержание ряда микроэлементов связано с техногенным привносом и специализацией источников поступления. В составе техногенного материала встречены частицы шлака, кирпичная крошка, сажа, зола, металлические микросферулы, синтетические волокна, пластик, стекло. Заключение: состав балочного аллювия в городах - результат эрозионно-аккумулятивных процессов на водосборе, отражающих как геолого-геоморфологические условия, так и техногенные потоки вещества от различных источников. Анализ балочного аллювия имеет практическое значение для геоэкологического районирования городской территории, контроля состава выносимого в приемный бассейн материала и принятия природоохранных решений.
Introduction: valleys under the erosive relief conditions makes transit and accumulation functions formed under the natural and technogenic factors. Researching the alluvial formation at the urbanized areas has practical discipline for analysing the flow of the substances. Purpose: researching the material composition of the ravine alluvium at the Kamyshin city area (Volgograd region).
Methodology: in 2022 have been collected 22 samples of the alluvial formations, including 20 samples along the ravines and 2 samples at the mouths of the small rivers. The analysis of the mineral composition has been made on a x-ray difractometr D8 ENDEAVOR; the analysis of the chemical composition has been made on a X-ray equipment «Spectroscan MAKS-GVM», microscopic researching of samples has been made on a microscope MBS-10.
Results and discussion: in the composition of the ravine alluvium the 3 main situations of the accumulation are reflected. Without deep erosion and soils accumulation in the thalweg which arrived from the lateral tributary valley and also with surface wash, the proportion of quartz decreases to 50–60 % (SiO2 40–60 %); the composition of the hydro mica, the kaolinite and feldspar are increased. Increasing loss of ignition and Al2O3 in the petrochemical composition. When there are no deep crossing and accumulation soil from the lateral tributary valley and form the surface wash in the thalweg next process carry: increasing the composition of the hydro mica, the kaolinite and feldspar, increasing loss of the ignition and content of Al2O3 in the petrochemical composition. When there is no bogging up of the mouth ravine, the biogenic accumulation of the chemical elements plays the main role in the decreasing the proportion of quartz (>50 %) and SiO2 (<40 %), increasing of the cola-spar, chlorate and hydro mica; the loss of the ignition is at maximum value. Increased content of several micro elements is connected with technogenic addition and specificity of the sources of this addition. In the composition of the technogenic material contains particles of the slag, broken bricks, coal smut, ash, metallic microspherol, synthetic fiber, plastic, glass.
Conclusion: The composition of the ravine alluvium in the cities is the result of the erosive and accumulative processes at the water collection area which reflect geological and geomorphological circumstances and technogenic flows of the substances of different sources. Analysis of the ravine alluvium has practical discipline for the geoecological zoning of the city area, the control of the contains of water that has been brought to the receiving basin and making the nature preserving decisions.

Dette er sluttrapport fra prosjektet Beslutningsgrunnlag og tiltaksplan for forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden, der NIVA har hatt prosjektledelsen med Kristoffer Naes som prosjektleder. Oppdragsgiver har vaert Norsk Hydro med kontaktperson Bernt Malme. Prosjektet er gjennomført i samarbeid med NGI, der Espen Eek har vaert intern prosjektleder. Prosjektet har bestått av flere aktiviteter som er fortløpende rapportert underveis i prosjektet. Følgende delrapporter foreligger: Naturtyper i Gunneklevfjorden. Delrapport fra aktivitet 1, Beslutningsgrunnlag og tiltaksplan for forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden. NIVA-rapport 6675-2014. Naeringsnett og miljøgifter i Gunneklevfjorden. Beslutningsgrunnlag og tiltaksplan for forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden. Delrapport aktivitet 2. NIVA-rapport 6795-2014. Vannvegetasjon i brakkvann, med spesiell vekt på Gunneklevfjorden i Telemark. Delrapport fra aktivitet 2a, Beslutningsgrunnlag og tiltaksplan for forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden. NIVA-rapport 6767-2014. Underlag for beslutning om tiltak mot forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden. Aktivitet 3. Spredning av dioksiner og kvikksølv fra forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden. NGI-rapport 20120820-01-R. Biotilgjengelighet av kvikksølv og dioksiner i sediment og effekter av behandling med aktivt kull. Beslutningsgrunnlag og tiltaksplan for forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden. Delrapport fra aktivitet 4. NIVA-rapport 6796-2015. Underlag for beslutning om tiltak mot forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden. Undersøkelse av materiale i overvannskummer. NGI-rapport 20120820-02-R. Underlag for beslutning om tiltak i Gunneklevfjorden. Platebelastningsforsøk og testtildekking i laboratoriet for vurdering av styrke i forurenset slam. NGI-rapport 20120820-04-R. Primaere og sekundaere effekter av tildekking av forurenset sediment i undervannseng. Beslutningsgrunnlag og tiltaksplan for forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden. NIVA-rapport i arbeid. Underlag for beslutning om tiltak i Gunneklevfjorden. Tiltaksalternativer. NGIrapport 20120820-03-R. Takk til Norsk Hydro for oppdraget og til alle for godt samarbeid. Oslo, 11.11.2015 Kristoffer Naes NIVA 6922-2015 6. Veien videre: Tiltaksrettede undersøkelser og andre forhold som kan påvirke tiltaksprioritering, fremdrift og kostnader 7. Forslag til framdriftsplan 8. Referanser Vedlegg A. Risikovurdering av forurensede sedimenter i Gunneklevfjorden Vedlegg B. Sedimentundersøkelser april 2014 Vedlegg C. Beregninger av vannsirkulasjon og vannutskiftning Vedlegg D. Miljøgifter i Skienselva og suspendert partikulaert materiale i Gunneklevfjorden Vedlegg E. Grunnlag for kostnadsberegning av foreslåtte tiltak Formål Aktivitet Beskrivelse Referanse Beskrivelse av biologiske verdier Beskrivelse av naturtyper Kartlegging av naturtyper i delområder Olsen (2014) Kartlegging av naeringsnett og miljøgifter i fauna Innsamling og kjemisk analyse av bunndyr og fisk Olsen et al. (2015) Kartlegging av arter i undervannseng Artsundersøkelse av flora i undervannseng Mjelde (2015) Kartlegging av tilførsler av miljøgifter Slam i overvannskummer Herøya industriområde Prøvetaking av slam fra overvannskummer. Analysert for metaller og dioksiner/furaner (NGI, 2015d) Vannprøver i overvannskum Herøya boligområde Prøvetaking av vann i overvannskum. Analysert for TotHg Kapittel 2.7 Vannprøver i kjølevannsutslipp fra Herøya Prøvetaking av vann i kjølevannsutslipp. Analysert for TotHg Kapittel 2.7 Vannprøver i Skienselva Vannprøver analysert for TotHg og MeHg. Partikulaert suspendert materiale og passive prøvetagere analysert for dioksiner/furaner, HCB og OCS. Vedlegg D Materiale fanget i sedimentfeller Materiale fra feller analysert for klorerte forbindelser (NGI, 2015b) Kartlegging av forurensningssituasjonen Vannprøver Vannprøver analysert for TotHg, MeHg samt støtteparametere (NGI, 2015b) Sedimentprøver Kjerneprøver og grabb-prøver av sediment analysert for dioksiner/furaner, TotHg, MeHg samt støtteparametere. Kjerner datert. (NGI, 2015b) Porevannsprøver Porevannsprøver analysert for TotHg og MeHg

This study was conducted in Amazon Continental Shelf (47º52'W-4°19'N and 51°04'W-2º16'S) to evaluate the geochemical and sedimentary flux of C, N and P, and the metals Fe, Mn and Al all associated with bottom sediments. Sampling occurred between 1997 and 2007 always between May-June, the period considered of most discharge of Amazonas and Pará rivers. Chemical analyzes were conduced according to internationals standards and usual proceedings. Results showed there was a similarity between the data from the various sampling sites, which reinforces the argument that there is homogeneity of the study area due to mixture of the sedimentary discharge from rivers Amazonas and Pará by the oceanic currents action. A trend of transport and sedimentation were observed mainly in the inner shelf by the organic compounds and metals correlation.

Currently, the part of renewable energy in the world is about 14 %, but in Ukraine, it is only 3.6 %. SHEPPs produce only 0.13 % of all the energy produced in the country. According to the decision of the Ministerial Council of Energy Community, Ukraine has taken responsibility for reaching 11 % of renewable energy by the end of 2020, which will promote the further development of regenerative energy sources in Ukraine. In the regional programs for the development of small hydro energy, it is stated that 395 SHEPPs are planned in the Ukrainian Carpathians.
Potential risks arising from the construction and operation of small hydroelectric power plants (SHEPP) in the Ukrainian Carpathians are considered. The influence of the hydroelectric power plant in Yavora
village on water discharges in the river Stryi was investigated. The daily water discharges for the two gauging stations located above and below the SHEPP for low-water (2003) and high-water (2008) years are
analyzed. The difference in water discharges between the two hydrological stations is graphically presented. It is confirmed that in the spring of 2008 and 2003 and the autumn and winter of 2003 and 2008 minimal
differences in water consumption were observed as a result of the water retention in the reservoir above the dam of Yavіrska hydropower plant for the maximal electrical power generation. The main possible risks caused by the construction and operation of hydroelectric power plants for the
movement of flood waters, river sediments, the development of channel deformations, etc., are pointed out. The analysis of the environmental impact assessment reports made it possible to analyze the major
environmental threats that are possible during the construction of a small hydroelectric power plant on the river Stryi in the Dovhe village (Drohobych district, Lviv region). Despite widespread calls for the feasibility of “green energy”, the comparing results between the volume of the produced electricity and the size of environmental losses do not favour the construction of power plants. In fact, the production of electricity by SHEPPs is insignificant (the capacity of the designed SHEPP
in Dovhe village is only 2.0 MW), but their location within the especially valuable natural ecological territories of the Ukrainian Carpathians causes significant environmental losses. Key words: river, small hydroelectric power station, bottom sediments, water discharges, environmental
impact of small hydroelectric power station.

На территории города Вольск (Саратовская область) два основных водотока в течение многих десятилетий выполняют функции транзита канализационных стоков в Волгоградское водохранилище. По длине водотоков (Верхняя и Нижняя Малыковка) проведён отбор проб донных осадков с целью анализа специфики химического состава аллювиальных образований в условиях техногенного воздействия. Доля техногенных частиц (пластик, уголь, краска, синтетические волокна и прочее) составляет 4–20 %. По химическому составу аллювий представлен силицитами разной степени глинизации. На участках поступления в водотоки сточных вод донные осадки характеризуются как глинистые силициты, отмечается максимальное содержание тяжёлых металлов и органического вещества (по величине потерь при прокаливании). Наиболее характерно загрязнение цинком, свинцом и барием. Общий уровень техногенного загрязнения донных осадков высокий и лишь в верховье Нижней Малыковки значительный. В целях улучшения экологического состояния водотоков необходим комплекс мероприятий, в т. ч. реконструкция и создание новых инфраструктурных объектов городской среды.

Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA) har tidligere vaert engasjert av Statens Vegvesen, Region Øst (SVRØ) til å utføre en førundersøkelse i forbindelse med planlagt bruk av rene overskuddsmasser til deponering/overdekking av forurensede sedimenter i Bekklagsbassenget. Disse undersøkelsene er rapportert (Berge mfl. 2007b). NIVA ble så på basis av et nytt programforslag engasjert til å gjennomføre etterundersøkelsen i forbindelse med deponering/overdekking foretatt vinteren 2007. Kontaktperson hos SVRØ har vaert Marianne Aam Ness. Feltarbeidet knyttet til SPI-undersøkelsene og innsamling av sedimenter er gjennomført av Hans Christer Nilsson og John Arthur Berge ved bruk av forskningsfartøyet "Bjørn Føyn". Feltarbeidet knyttet til ROVundersøkelsene er gjennomført av Tom Christian Mortensen, Theodor Olav Norendal og John Arthur Berge. Gjennomgangen av videoopptakene tatt under vann i og rundt deponeringsområdet er gjort av Mats Walday. Hovedansvaret for rapportering fra henholdsvis SPI-, sediment-og ROV-undersøkelsene har vaert Hans Christer Nilsson, John Arthur Berge og Mats Walday.

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient to enhance agricultural productivity and a pollutant which impairs water quality of the lake. P losses from various fields such as industrial runoff, surface runoff, agricultural runoff, landfill leachate, runoff from oil fields, mine drainage, construction sites runoff, untreated sewage, runoff from livestock feedlots, runoff from grazing land, atmospheric depositions, septic tank leakage deposit in lake bottom sediments which boost lake eutrophication. Phosphorus extraction from the bottom sediments of a lake is long-term goal of modern society to meet global P demand and restore lake quality. Over exploitation of phosphate rock, a critical raw material can be replaced by recovering P from the lake bottom sediments for both P sustainability and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this thesis was to find possible techniques to recover P from lakes bottom sediments. Various in situ phosphorus trapping techniques such as phoslock, modified zeolite, alum treatment, calcite, aeration and hypolimnetic withdrawal are discussed. These techniques play a significant role to restore the lakes water quality by reducing internal P-cycling. The qualitative analysis of different P-forms by sequential extraction (SEDEX), P-extraction from sediments by perchloric acid method and ignition method, and comparison of P-recovery from sewage sludge ashes and bottom sediments ashes are discussed. Bottom sediment is considered as a sink where P is stored. Thus, dredging of the bottom sediments by using mechanical and hydraulic dredgers can help to remove P from lakes. Sediments contain various organic and inorganic contaminants. Sediment treatment techniques and possibilities of using dredged sediments in various sectors are discussed. Disposal of dredged sediments in a landfill is not a sustainable solution. Dredged sediments after treatment can be used as a P-resource. Dredging can be considered as indirect P-recovery.

The traditional use of agricultural landscapes of small rivers is agricultural arable land, which requires a number of reclamations and agricultural work. Land drainage has a significant impact on the environment, but these activities were carried out almost without taking into account the requirements of environmental protection. Heavy metals have one of the most significant negative effects on the components of floodplain-channel complexes (floodplain soil, surface water, bottom sediments, macrophytes, hydrobionts). Studies have shown that drainage reclamation leads to a decrease in the content of humus in floodplain soil, collector-drainage runoff, changing the chemical composition of natural water, affects the processes of transitaccumulation of heavy metals from sediments to water. The integrated chemical and ecological assessment of the influence of drainage reclamation on the state of the floodplain soilwater-bottom sediments system showed a critical situation of pollution of agricultural landscapes of water basins with heavy metals. Drainage melioration also negatively affects the state of hydrobionts-aquatic vegetation and fish, heavy metals accumulate in their organisms, which leads to disruption of aquatic flora and fauna life processes.

The aim of our study was to compare the macrozoobenthos structure as well as water and organic matter content of the bottom sediments of two hydrologically different zones of a strongly fluvial the Włocławek Dam Reservoir. Samples were collected from the Włocławek Dam Resevoir at six sites. Three of them were located in the upper, rheolimnic part (URP) of the reservoir and three others in its lower, limnetic part (LLP). Water transparency, sediment water content and organic matter content in the sediments were higher in the LLP. The higher number of taxa and diversity of macrozoobenthos were found in the URP of the reservoir. The density of bottom fauna was slightly higher in the LLP (90,990 ind. m−2) than in the UPR (73,486 ind.  m−2), while the significantly higher biomass of macrozoobenthos was found in the URP of the reservoir (2314 g · m−2) than in the LLP (336 g · m−2). The dominant taxa of Oligochaeta and Chironomidae larvae did not show significant differences in the density...

Veterinaerinstituttet jobber med forberedelser til tiltak mot parasitten Gyrodactylus salaris (Gyro) i Ømmervatn, Mjåvatn og Fustvatnet i Nordland og ønsket i den forbindelse en matematisk modellering av innblanding av rotenon (CFT-Legumin) for å bedre grunnlaget for en effektiv behandling.

Measurements of feeding rate and absorption efficiency were performed to assess the nutritional value of sedimentary organics combined with phytoplankton for raft mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk) in Ria de Arosa (Galicia, N.W. Spain). Both clearance rate and absorption efficiency reached a maximum on mixed diets in which the proportions of phytoplankton and sediment particles were similar. Consequently, maximum absorption rates were reached on laboratory suspensions that closely resembled features of natural seston from the Ria. Values of absorption efficiency recorded with suspended sediments (around 13%) do not apply to the detrital component of ingestion in mixed diets, leading to the conclusion that a positive effect of phytoplankton on absorption efficiency of sedimentary organics is taking place. On the other hand, comparison of results for mixed and monoalgal diets also suggests that the occurrence of silt in the ingesta enhances absorption of microalgae, possibly through improving mechanical treatment within the stomach. It was concluded that mixing of bottom material with phytoplankton in the water filtered by raft mussels greatly increases growth potential, provided that no reduction of phytoplankton concentration below 40% of particulate volume takes place. Mussels with different locations in the Ria exhibit variable degrees of infection by the parasitic protozoa Marteilia refringens. Concomitant differences in physiological behaviour could be attributed to digestive impairment caused by parasitization.

We report on the first authigenic siderite (FeCO3) concretions recovered from near‐bottom sediments at gas hydrate‐bearing mud volcanoes in fresh water (Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia). The carbonates appear as firm ‘plate‐type’ formations at the Malenky mud volcano (Southern Baikal Basin) and as soft nodules at the K‐2 mud volcano (Central Baikal Basin). Calcium is the main divalent component which substitutes iron in the carbonate lattice (7 to 20 mol%). The δ13C values of the carbonates (+3.3 to +6.8‰ at Malenky, and +16.5 to +21.9‰ PDB at K‐2) indicate that their formation is due to methanogenesis. The latter was most likely caused by the microbial methyl‐type (acetate) fermentation that is suggested from the isotopic composition of the accompanying methane hydrates and dissolved methane. General depletion of the siderites in 18O (−11.6 to −9.9 ‰ at Malenky, and −13.9 to −12.3‰ PDB at K‐2) is mainly inherited from the isotope composition of pore water (−15.2 to −15.4‰ SMOW) at amb...

The concentrations of major, trace (TE), and rare earth (REE) elements and their seasonal and spatial distribution were studied on the fine fraction (&lt;63 µm) of the sediments of the Lomé lagoons (West Lake, East Lake, and Lake Bè). The sediments were collected on a total of nine sampling sites (three per Lake) during two campaigns (dry season and rainy season). The quality of the sediments was assessed on the basis of the enrichment factor (EF) and the labile or non-residual fraction (NRF) in relation to the values recommended for the quality of the sediments (Sediment Quality Guidelines, SQG). The distribution of rare earth elements shows enrichments in light rare earths superior to those of heavy rare earth elements during any season. Positive Ce anomalies are less noticeable and less variable between seasons than Eu anomalies. La/Yb ratios are positively correlated with the percentage of Al and Fe oxides and with the percentage of fine fractions. The main bearing phases of rar...

The basic relationship is described between the parameters of backscattered acoustic signal and the seabed type in the Polish Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea. The properties of the bottom backscattered signal were investigated using a single frequency narrow beam echosounder working at a frequency of 30 kHz. For approximately 15,000 averaged echo pulses acquired in the survey area, calculations of integral backscattering strength, spectral width and Hausdorf fractal dimension were performed and the correlation of the results with bottom characteristic features were evaluated. The chosen set of echo parameters is a good descriptor of the sea bottom sediments and may be used for classification procedures. Having applied cluster analysis to the data sets of averaged echo envelopes, it was possible to classify them into four groups. The groups corresponding to the four cluster centers were assigned to a given type of sediment. The surficial sediment types most often occurring in the southern Baltic are: muddy deposits (deeper part of the study area), clay, fine and medium grained sand, coarse sand or gravel.

Дана характеристика минеральной части золошлаковых отходов углей. Кратко рассмотрены особенности металлоносности углей Сибири, и более подробно-Кузнецкого бассейна. Приведены данные по содержанию железа, цветных и редких металлов в углях Кузнецкого бассейна и их золошлаковых отходах (ЗШО). Оценены перспективы использования углей и их ЗШО для извлечения из них дефицитных и востребованных металлов. ЗШО определены как наиболее перспективные объекты для их извлечения. Для этого применялся иерархический кластерный анализ, выполненный с помощью программы IBM SPSS Statistics, в результате которого были построены дендрограммы, что позволило определить наиболее перспективные кластеры (металлоносные угленосные свиты). В качестве основного метода кластеризации использовался метод Уорда. Для проверки выполненной кластеризации дополнительно применялась центроидная и медианная кластеризация. Таким образом, с помощью математических методов выявлены угленосные свиты Кузбасса, угли и, особенно, ЗШО углей которых экономически целесообразно разрабатывать для получения железа, а также ряда цветных и редких металлов. Приведены основные положения методики геолого-экономической оценки угольных пластов и золоотвалов энергетических предприятий, а также методики оценки экономической целесообразности извлечения металлов из наиболее перспективного объекта для разработки-ЗШО углей.

В данной работе рассматривается связь между распределением мейобентоса и концентрациями углеводородных газов. На основании сопряженного анализа аби отических (физико химические параметры водной толщи, геохимические, лито логические, минералогические свойства донных отложений) и биотических (ко личественный и таксономический состав фораминифер, нематод, остракод) параметров сделан вывод о возможности использования мейобентоса в качестве поискового признака скоплений углеводородных газов и, в первую очередь, метана в донных отложениях северо западной части Черного моря. Ключевые слова: мейобентос, донные отложения, Черное море, екосистема, фо раминиферы. Введение В водах Черного моря растворено порядка 80 млрд м 3 метана, не смотря на полный цикл обновления воды каждые 400-2000 лет. Это свидетельствует о мощном постоянном подтоке углеводород ных газов (УВГ), а значит-наличии их резервуаров под морским дном [26]. Вертикальная миграции УВГ осуществляется по текто ническим нарушениям, которые формируют ослабленные зоны в осадочном чехле [2, 79, 80] и выполняют роль «дымоходов», или «вентиляционных шахт». По ним УВГ (и другие флюиды, напрмер H 2 S, CO 2) поднимаются к поверхности, насыщая донные отложе ния [27, 31, 36]. Газометрическая съемка УВГ, основы которой были

ГЕОЛОГО-ГЕОМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПОК-МАКОВ В ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ ФИНСКОГО ЗАЛИВА В 2009-2012 гг. в ходе работ по мониторингу состояния геологической среды дна восточной части Финского залива ВСЕГЕИ получены новые материалы о распространении пок-маков и геолого-геоморфологических условиях их формирования. Установлено широкое распространение пок-маков, имеющих, несмотря на морфологическое сходство, различный генезис. Появление пок-маков в областях аккумуляции алевропелитовых илов в центральной части исследованной площади обусловлено выходами современных биогенных газов, в Копорском заливе-предположительно разгрузкой подземных вод Вендского водоносного комплекса, хотя не исключена их связь с тектоническими нарушениями. Наличие разновозрастных генераций пок-маков указывает на пульсационный характер их возникновения. Ключевые слова: пок-мак, газонасыщенные осадки, Финский залив. In 2009-2012 new data concerning distribution of pock-marks in the eastern Gulf of Finland as well as geological and geomorphologic conditions of their formation were gathered within the monitoring of geological environments. Pock-marks of the different genesis are widespread in the gulf bottom. The pock-marks discovered within the areas of silty-clayey sedimentation in the central part of the gulf were formed as a result of biogenic gas-seepage. In the Kopora Bay pock-marks were probably formed as a result of groundwater discharge from the Vendian aquifer system, although it is possible to find some spatial correlation with tectonic faults distribution. The presence of pock-marks of several generations indicates pulsating nature of their occurrence.

The article presents the analysis of parameters of the biomonitor speciessmall-scaled scorpion fish at the different organization levels as part of the study of the current status of fish and their habitat conditions in a coastal zone of Sevastopol. In spite of the similarity of the size and mass values in species caught in the different bays there has been found regularity in the fish size: the Balaklavskaya Bay > the Kruglaya Bay > the Streletskaya Bay. The indexes of the gills and liver of Scorpaena porcus from the Streletskaya Bay were higher in the older fish group compared to those in other water areas, which was considered as an adaptive response to unfavorable habitat conditions. At the same time, high values of the hepatosomatic index, fish size and weight, glucose content in blood in this benthic species from the Balaklavskaya Bay indicated a better natural food supply. Thus, the values of the parameters studied in fish from different bays often differed slightly, which proves the similar living conditions and satisfactory state of the bays of Sevastopol today. This was also evidenced by the results of a more sensitive analysis-the morphometric parameters of the gills: the length and width of the filaments, as well as the density of their distribution on the gill arch did not differ significantly in species of the same size from different bays. However, comparing inter-annual changes in population parameters it was found that the size of scorpion fish species, especially females, has decreased in 2021 compared to 2017-2019. The fish weight decreased in the Balaklavskaya Bay by 8-10 g, in the Kruglaya Bayby 20 g, and in the Streletskaya Bay in 2021 individuals weighed almost half as much as in previous years. The conducted bioindicative studies have showed a deterioration of the ecological status of the water areas of the Crimea.

В работе представлены данные по размерно-массовым, морфофизиологическим характеристикам черноморского ерша из пяти бухт г. Севастополя в период 2017-2019 гг. Установлено, что молодые экземпляры крупнее в бухтах Карантинной (TL 13,5 ± 0,19 см) и Севастопольской (TL 14,2 ± 0,23 см), а особи среднего возрастного класса-в Балаклавской (TL 15,9 ± 0,35 см), Круглой (TL 16,9 ± 2,45 см) и Стрелецкой (TL 16,06 ± 0,5 см). В ответ на бóльший уровень комплексного загрязнения Стрелецкой бухты у самцов разного возраста индекс печени (ИП) повышен. Такой же адаптивный эффект-индекс жабр имеет максимальные значения-отмечен для особей из бухт Круглая и Стрелецкая. У самок скорпены из Балаклавской бухты в возрасте от трёх до восьми лет увеличен ИП, это является следствием более калорийного рациона (преобладание рыб), что подтверждается как анализом пищевого спектра ерша, так и величинами некоторых биохимических параметров жирового обмена (уровень холестерина, β-липопротеидов и липазы). Итак, в 2017-2019 гг. ёрш находился в более благоприятном физиологическом состоянии в бухтах Балаклавской и Карантинной и в менее благоприятном-в акватории бухты Стрелецкой. Ключевые слова: морской ёрш, бухты Севастополя, загрязнение. * Работа выполнена в рамках госзадания № 075-00744-21-00 «Молисмологические и биогеохимические основы гомеостаза морских экосистем».

A review of the long‐term changes and variations in benthic communities and the current status of the marine invasive species (MIS) in shallow waters of the Yellow Sea (Chinese sector) and the Sea of Japan (Russian and partly Korean sectors) is presented. This paper reflects on the progress and lessons learned, recommending actions for the future about the conservation of biodiversity. In the Bohai Sea, the benthic ecosystem has been degenerating due to anthropogenic activities such as overfishing and pollution since the 1950s. The dominant position of K‐strategy species is gradually being lost and replaced by R‐strategy species. In the Yellow Sea, the macrobenthic community is different from other areas due to the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. Many economic species have been destroyed, and the biotic structure has changed significantly due to overfishing and climate change. In the Russian sector of the Sea of Japan, the macrobenthic communities in the shallow‐water soft bottom have g...

At the end of its course of 2857 km running to the Black Sea, the Danube River-the longest river in the European Union shapes a river delta, an exclusive area consisting of a complexity of water and land, numerous lakes, ponds, marshes and unique waterways. The Danube Delta, considered the Europe's largest wetlands, is included in Unesco's World Heritage list, due to its outstanding importance conferred by the many natural habitats with their specific characteristics and bio diversities, preserved in a near pristine state. Even though considerable conservation efforts have been made lately, the Danube Delta is still subject to threats due to both natural and anthropogenic stressors that may alter its ecosystems. This study aims to investigate the water and bed-sediment general characteristics of some lakes from the Matița-Merhei Depression located in the fluvial delta plain, to assess the current quality status of water and sediments. A significant number of water and sediment samples were collected from each lake in October 2016, for determination of water physicalchemical parameters, lithological components and some heavy metals-analysed in random bed-sediment samples. The investigation results show that the water environment-related indicators fluctuated in terms of sampling sites and generally agreed with the Romanian environmental quality criteria. Average lithological composition of the bed-sediments indicates an autochthonous source for the recent accumulation of sediments. Overall, the technophyllic heavy metal concentrations of the bed-sediments were below the limits of the quality criteria. The exceptions were represented by local values, incidentally exceeding the recommended limit.

The present study aims to evaluate the utilization of several benthic macroinvertebrate and fish species as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in a relatively enclosed estuarine area, the Seixal Bay (Tagus estuary, Portugal). 266 specimens of 16 taxa were captured during four sampling campaigns and the concentration of lead, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt and cadmium were quantified in fish muscle and whole soft body of the invertebrates, as well as in suspended particulate matter in the water column and sediments. Larger predator fishes with higher mobility presented low levels of contamination, probably due to their feedings sites being located outside the bay in less contaminated areas. The species of the Gobiidae family, Pomatoschistus microps, Pomatoschistus minutus and Gobius niger presented higher values of non-metabolic elements (Pb, Ni and Cd) while Scrobicularia plana, Nereis diversicolor, Carcinus maenas and Palaemon serratus were more associated to the accumulation of Cu, Cr and Zn. Nephtys hombergii and Crangon crangon, showed intermediate concentrations of all metals. These results points out to a future possible utilization of S. plana, N. diversicolor, P. serratus and C. maenas and of Pomatoschistus species as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in ecological quality monitoring programs.

Работы выполнялись в Феодосийском заливе и прилегающих к нему прибрежных районах шельфа юго-восточной части Крымского полуострова от мыса Чауда до поселка Курортное (рис. 5.1). РИС. 5.1. Схема расположения гидрологических (красные точки) и заякоренной (зеленая точка) станций в районе исследований Измерения были организованы в форме четырех однодневных выходов (24, 25, 26 и 27 мая) на судне МНИС «Ашамба». В общей сложности за период работ было выполнено 8 гидрологических станций (рис. 5.1). МЕТОДЫ И СРЕДСТВА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ Гидрофизические исследования Температура и электропроводность воды измерялись на ходу судна в приповерхностном слое (глубина 1 м) с помощью проточной зондирующей системы, состоящей

Stations in a survey of benthic invertebrates on the Canadian continental shelf and slope of southeastern Baffin Island, in Ungava Bay, and on the northern Labrador Shelf, fell into definite groups as a result of an objective analysis of similarity in species composition. The groupings were shown to correspond to major water masses in the area. Groups corresponding to cold surface water masses, to the deep Irminger Atlantic water mass, and to mixtures of these with adjacent water masses were observed. The Irminger Atlantic group dominated on the Baffin Island continental shelf. Species diversity, also measured in the study, was high, with large numbers of species present in low abundance.

In the framework of the Danube Delta geosystem spatial evolution study, new results achieved for sediment cores − this time collected from the Matiţa − Merhei Depression lakes − are added up to the data which were previously published with regard to the Meşteru − Fortuna Depression. Actually, it is the second part of the series of papers dedicated to the magneto − lithological investigation of sediment columns, taken out from various aquatic environments, in both the Fluvial and Marine Delta Plains. Vertical profiles of magnetic susceptibility (MS) and contents of siliciclastic/minerogenic/detrital fraction (SIL), total organic matter (TOM) and carbonate (CAR) are carried out for 9 cores (not longer than 55.5 cm), collected from four lakes (Babina, Matiţa, Polideanca and Bogdaproste), a swamp (Polideanca − Lopatna) and a canal (Lopatna − Polideanca). These records are based on MS (k) measurements (with a Kappabridge KLY-2), and respectively, on lithological component contents analyses (by the "Loss on Ignition"/LOI method), performed on sediment samples obtained by core slicing, at 1-3 cm intervals. MS, SIL, TOM and CAR maps are carried out for surficial sediments, as well, in order to describe the magneto-lithological background which characterizes each of the lakes from where the short sediment cores were extracted. The MS calibration of the lake sediments (core and grab samples) is carried out by using a k scale with 5 classes. The correlation coefficient (r) is calculated for all 6 possible pairs of above specified parameters (SIL vs. k, TOM vs. k, CAR vs. k, SIL vs. TOM, SIL vs. CAR and TOM vs. CAR). To evaluate the correlation size, a scale with 6 steps is used. Positive/direct and negative/reversed correlations have always been obtained for SIL vs. k, and TOM vs. k, respectively. Therefore, new proofs are added to assign the magnetic parameter proxy quality as environmental and sedimentological fingerprinting tool. Another important result of the present study is the detection of some marine clays located very close below the water/sediment interface, intercepted, particularly, at the lower/basal part of two cores from the Babina Lake, two from Matiţa Lake, and another one from the Lopatna − Polideanca Canal. These marine deposits (with macroscopically identified specific fauna) are characterized by clearly different magnetic and lithological signatures (high MS values and SIL contents, low TOM contents), as compared with the fingerprints recovered from the overlying muds (sampled at the upper part of the cores). The presence of a marine episode revealed by some of the sediment cores collected from lakes of the Matiţa − Merhei Depression, which is a part of the Fluvial Delta Plain, is very interesting and can represent a contribution to the better knowledge of the deltaic system temporal and spatial evolution.

The Paraná River, the sixth largest in the world, is the receptor of pollution loads from tributaries traversing urban and industrialized areas plus agricultural expanses, particularly so in the river's middle and lower reaches along the Argentine sector. In the present study, we analyzed and discussed the main water quality parameters, sediment compositions, and content of the herbicide glyphosate plus its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in water and sediments. Samples were obtained from distal positions in the principal tributaries of the Paraná and the main watercourse during surveys conducted in 2011 and 2012 to monitor the basin. Only 15 % of the water samples contained detectable concentrations of glyphosate at an average concentration of 0.60 μg/L, while no detectable levels of AMPA were observed. The herbicide and metabolite were primarily present in sediments of the middle and lower stretch's tributaries, there occurring at a respective average of 37 and 17 % in samples. The mean detectable concentrations measured were 742 and 521 μg/kg at mean, maximum, and minimum glyphosate/AMPA ratios of 2.76, 7.80, and 0.06, respectively. The detection of both compounds was correlated with the presence of sulfides and copper in the sediment matrix.

The Paraná River, the sixth largest in the world, is the receptor of pollution loads from tributaries traversing urban and industrialized areas plus agricultural expanses, particularly so in the river's middle and lower reaches along the Argentine sector. In the present study, we analyzed and discussed the main water quality parameters, sediment compositions, and content of the herbicide glyphosate plus its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in water and sediments. Samples were obtained from distal positions in the principal tributaries of the Paraná and the main watercourse during surveys conducted in 2011 and 2012 to monitor the basin. Only 15 % of the water samples contained detectable concentrations of glyphosate at an average concentration of 0.60 μg/L, while no detectable levels of AMPA were observed. The herbicide and metabolite were primarily present in sediments of the middle and lower stretch's tributaries, there occurring at a respective average of 37 and 17 % in samples. The mean detectable concentrations measured were 742 and 521 μg/kg at mean, maximum, and minimum glyphosate/AMPA ratios of 2.76, 7.80, and 0.06, respectively. The detection of both compounds was correlated with the presence of sulfides and copper in the sediment matrix.

Проанализирован размерно-возрастной состав средиземноморской ставриды, обитающей в акватории Севастопольских и Балаклавской бухт. Показано, что по размерному распределению в осенне-зимний период ставрида, обитающая в акватории Балаклавской бухты, отличается от ставриды, обитающей в бухтах Севастополя, что подтверждается низким коэффициентом корреляции (r=0,34). В весенне-летний период отличия не столь существенны (коэффициент корреляции r=0,71), что свидетельствует о расширении ареала распространения данного вида в нагульно-репродуктивный период по сравнению с зимним периодом. Средний вес рыб, обитающих в акватории Балаклавской бухты, был примерно на 40 % выше, чем вес рыб из бухт Севастополя. Найдены зависимости «вес-длина», а также зависимости стандартной длины особей от возраста для ставриды, обитающей в рассматриваемых регионах. Ставрида, обитающая в акватории Балаклавской бухты и в весенне-летний, и в осенне-зимний периоды характеризуется практически одинаковым размерным распределением (r=0,96). Анализ половой структуры показал, что доля самцов в трех случаях из четырех превышала долю самок. Лишь в акватории Балаклавской бухты в весенне-летний период соотношение самцов и самок было практически равно 50 %.

The aim of the work was to analyze the content of Ni, Pb and Cd in organs (root, stem, leaf) Typha latifolia L. and Nuphar lutea as well as bottom sediments of the Ełk River and selected tributaries. An attempt was also made to indicate the factors and processes governing the behavior of the investigated metals in the water environment of the examined rivers. The research object was the Ełk River with its three tributaries-the Gawlik River, the Binduga River and the Kuwasy Canal. Samples of bottom sediments, leaves, stems and roots of Typha latifolia L. and Nuphar lutea were collected in August of 2015. The content of metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The results of analyses of sediments and plant material indicate a lack of environmental pollution by nickel (2.58-8.50 mg•kg −1) and lead (3.82-15.99 mg•kg −1) of the Ełk River and its tributaries whereas the cadmium content ranged from 0.16-0.76 mg•kg −1. Nuphar lutea and Typha latifolia L. showed a varied capacity to accumulate nickel (1.20-10.51 mg•kg −1) and lead (0.04-14.16 mg•kg −1), occurring primarily in the roots. The smallest concentration of nickel and lead was recorded in the stems. The highest concentration of cadmium (2.56 mg•kg −1) was noted in the roots and the lowest (0.01 mg•kg) in the leaves. Factor analysis pointed to the processes of mobilizing elements from bottom sediments as a result of pH drop and their uptake by macrophyte roots and sorption processes of metal ions by macrophytes from river waters and their intensive accumulation in bottom sediments.

The present paper reports the results obtained by investigation of surface bottom sediment contamination with Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg in three largest semi-closed bays of Klaipėda Port in 2008 and 2009. The concentrations of heavy metals and organic carbon same as the percentages of 6 granular fractions were determined at 41 stations. The contamination level was established by calculating the Nemerov's pollution index. The major factors responsible for sediment contamination with heavy metals and distribution patterns of discrete pollutants and different pollution areas were determined. By comparison of the obtained results with the results of 1998, the changes of sediment contamination with heavy metals in the last ten years were evaluated. It was determined that bottom sediments not contaminated with heavy metals are dominant in the semi-closed bays of Klaipėda port. Heavy contamination with nickel, and moderate contamination with zinc and copper only occur in small areas.

The pollen stratigraphy of a core extracted from Jenny Lake, southwest Yukon, in 1984 has marked archaeological significance. Five palynological zones are identified as follows: Zone JL1, the oldest (CU. 12 500-9500 B.P.), is a Betula shrub tundra assemblage; Zone JL2 (CU. 9500-8500 B.P.) an Alnus shrub tundra; Zone JL3 (CU. 8500-4500 B.P.) a Picea forest; Zone JL4 (CU. 4500-2000 B.P.) a Picea-Alnus woodland; and JL5 (CU. 2000 B.P.-present) a Picea forest. The widely held belief that the Kluane-Aishihik area of the SW Yukon was covered by extensive grasslands well into the Holocene period is not supported by the palynology of the Jenny Lake Core. Instead, palynological evidence suggests that the area, which initially was a Betula shrub tundra, then Alnus shrub tundra, became a Picea-dominated forest by approximately 8500 B.P. and remained forested to the present. The hypothesis stating early prehistoric hunters and gatherers in the SW Yukon were adapted to extensive Holocene grasslands until CU. 3300-2600 B.P. will have to be modified in view of these findings.

The aim of our study was to compare the macrozoobenthos structure as well as water and organic matter content of the bottom sediments of two hydrologically different zones of a strongly fluvial the Włocławek Dam Reservoir. Samples were collected from the Włocławek Dam Resevoir at six sites. Three of them were located in the upper, rheolimnic part (URP) of the reservoir and three others in its lower, limnetic part (LLP). Water transparency, sediment water content and organic matter content in the sediments were higher in the LLP. The higher number of taxa and diversity of macrozoobenthos were found in the URP of the reservoir. The density of bottom fauna was slightly higher in the LLP (90,990 ind. m−2) than in the UPR (73,486 ind.  m−2), while the significantly higher biomass of macrozoobenthos was found in the URP of the reservoir (2314 g · m−2) than in the LLP (336 g · m−2). The dominant taxa of Oligochaeta and Chironomidae larvae did not show significant differences in the density...

The understanding the influence of biological processes on the characteristics of the signals backscattered by the sea floor is crucial in the development of the hydroacoustical benthic habitat classification techniques. The impact of the microphytobenthos photosynthesis on the acoustical backscattering properties of the Atlantic sandy sediments was previously demonstrated by HTo account for the sensitivity of the hydroacoustical classification techniques to the backscattering properties of local marine sediments, it is important to understand the microphytobenthos photosynthesis impact for the Baltic Sea where the techniques are being actively developed now. This is the main motivation of the paper.In the paper the influence of the microphytobenthos photosynthesis on the characteristics of the echo signals reflected by sandy sediments in the typical Baltic temperature and the salinity conditions is discussed. The interdisciplinary multiday laboratory experiment was conducted to stu...

The applieation oj nonlinear backscattering oj aeoustieal signals in deteetion ojgas bubbles in subsurjaee layer oj sediment oj the Gulf oj Gdansk is presented. Gas bubbles concentration was estimated assuming that nonlinear scattering in soft sediments is similar as in water. Summary, difJerence and double harmonics generated only by gas bubbles were reeorded and used jor bubble density estimation. Comparisons oj the eoneentrations reeeived from difJerent nonlinear components show generally agreement in cafeulated bubble density distributions, although values oj densities acquired from almost identieal volumes in a single transmission differ.

The “river-sea” geochemical barrier is studied slightly in terms of the variety of pollutants, sedimentation, and degradation. At the same time, problems related to oil pollution, in particular the genesis of hydrocarbons, are almost never covered. This study was dedicated to the origin, concentration, and composition of hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments of the Chernaya River (Black Sea, Crimea) estuarine zone. The features of the marginal filter zone of the river were considered. N-alkanes in the range of C11-C36 were identified in the bottom sediments of the studied water area. It was noted that there was persistent oil pollution (degraded hydrocarbons) in the water area of Sevastopol Bay, adjacent to the confluence of the river. The accumulation of terrestrial material increased as it moved from the river to the sea. The application of various molecular markers displayed the predominately allochthonous origin of the hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments. As a result of the study of molecular markers by using principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, three leading factors responsible for hydrocarbon input to the bottom sediments water area were identified. The first one (36.53 % of the total variation) was associated with n-alkanes of natural and anthropogenic input. The second factor (19.52 % variation) was associated with allochthonous organic matter, including petroleum and bacterial destruction. The third factor (10.74 %) was associated with mainly allochthonous routes of organic substances entering the bottom sediments of the water area.