Born-digital media

Segmentation is an important step in image vision. Computationally efficient methods, such as histogram based algorithms, are preferable for real-time applications. In this paper we developed automatic algorithms based on linear diffusion to segment both unimodal and plurimodal histograms. These algorithms are computationally efficient and do not use default value parameters or other heuristics. We demonstrate their potential use to a variety of applications, such as the automatic detection of fluorescence signal in confocal microscopy images and the segmentation of clusters in 2D feature space.

With the advent of digital technology, authorial philology faces new challenges. The “intangible papers”, made of bytes rather than paper, are the result of a radical shift in the way literature is written and experienced. And they compel archivists and philologists to rethink their methods and practices. The proceedings of the international conference The Intangible Papers. Authorial Philology and Born-Digital Texts (Pavia, 11-13 December 2023) seek to illustrate this ongoing transformation. Experts and scholars from universities and research centres share their insights and experiences on the acquisition, preservation, and enhancement of born-digital materials. With the awareness that only collaboration between archival science, computer science, and philology can ensure the longevity and accessibility of a cultural legacy essential to the future of our collective memory.

Access to many born-digital materials can only be accomplished economically through the use of emulation where contemporaneous software is executed on an emulated machine. For example, many thousands of CD-ROMs have been published containing proprietary software that cannot be reasonably recreated. While emulation is proven technology and is widely used to run both current and obsolete versions of Windows and Unix operating systems, it suffers a fatal flaw as a preservation strategy by requiring future users to be facile with today’s operating systems and software. We have previously advocated “assisted emulation” as a strategy to alleviate this shortcoming. With assisted emulation, a preserved object is stored along with scripts designed to control a legacy software environment and access to the object enabled through a “helper” application. In this paper we significantly extend this work by examining, for a large data set, both the cost of creating such scripts and the common prob...

Este número especial de la revista Virtualis llama a estudiosas y estudiosos del periodismo de América Latina a someter contribuciones sobre los fenómenos emergentes del periodismo nacido digital de la región, con énfasis en sus dimensiones culturales, económicas, laborales y sociales. Recibimos manuscritos de corte conceptual o empírico, centrados en casos nacionales o parte de estudios comparativos de un alcance mayor, que asistan a mejorar nuestro entendimiento sobre las implicaciones de las transformaciones introducidas por el periodismo nacido digital en las esferas públicas nacionales y transnacionales de América Latina.

Während historischer Stadtlexika oftmals zunächst in Buchform erschienen sind und erst später digitalisiert wurden, ist das Digitale Stadtlexikon Stuttgart, das in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt wird, von Anfang an als Online-Projekt konzipiert worden: Es ist „digital born“.
Seit 2018 verfügbar bietet es durch innovative Features auf der Basis historischer Karten und wissenschaftlicher Texte einen modernen Zugang zur Stadtgeschichte. Nicht von ungefähr hat sich daher zu einer wichtigen Ressource entwickelt, die sowohl in der Bevölkerung als auch in der Wissenschaft breite Anerkennung findet. Aufgrund seiner digitalen Ausrichtung bietet es gegenüber traditionellen Publikationsformen zahlreiche Vorteile, nicht zuletzt die Möglichkeit zur inhaltlichen und technischen Weiterentwicklung.

An optical programming/electrical erasing memory device was fabricated by adopting organic thin film transistors incorporating core/shell CdSe@ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as active layers. After illumination, the presence of quantum well-structured core/shell CdSe@ZnSe QDs within the P3HT film enhanced the maximum ON/OFF ratio substantially to 2700; this value was maintained for 8000 s without noticeable decay. The ON state current could be erased effectively when using a single pulse of the gate voltage (-10 V). This fabrication approach opens up the possibility of improving the memory performance of polymeric materials prepared at low cost using simple processes. 採用包覆核殼 CdSe@ZnSe 量子點(QDs)和 3-己烷噻吩(P3HT)為主動層之有機薄膜電晶體去 製作光學寫入/電子抹除記憶體元件。照光後，在 P3HT 膜內存在有量子牆結構核殼 CdSe@ZnSe 量子點(QDs)強化 ON/OFF 比例達 2700;此值可維持達 8000 秒而沒有明顯衰 退。當使用單一閘極電壓脈衝(-10 V)，這 ON 狀態電流可以有效地被抹除。此製作方式開 啟改善高分子材料製備在簡單低價值製程過中之記憶體效果的可能性。 關鍵字：optical programming (光學寫入), electrical erasing(電子抹除), core/shell quantum dots (核殼量子點)

In light of Taiwan's extensive exposure to the Chinese Communist Party's "cognitive domain infiltration warfare," this paper proposes new response mechanisms and strategies for cybersecurity and national defense. The focus is primarily on assessing the CCP's cognitive infiltration tactics to develop policy recommendations in cybersecurity linguistics. These recommendations are intended to serve as a reference for future national defense and information security policies. Within the constraints of limited resources, this study attempts to provide an integrated analysis method combining qualitative and quantitative tools. This method involves text mining in cybersecurity linguistics, focusing on "textual content" and incorporating discourse deconstruction. The aim is to enhance the success rate in identifying and defining contentious information in cognitive warfare, thereby offering policy suggestions.
Keywords: Cognitive Infiltration, Big Data Corpus, Cybersecurity Linguistics, Text Mining Analysis, Narrative Language Deconstruction.

有鑒於臺灣逐年受到中共「認知領域滲透作戰」的大量攻擊，本文針 對資安國防概念下位的認知戰層面，提出了臺灣可以採取與建立的新型應對 措施機制。本文主要係針對了中共認知滲透作戰作為評估對象，發展資安語 言學政策上的方針建議，期許容或可作為未來國防資訊安全的政策建言參照。 本文嘗試在較為硬理論的面向上，提供資安語言學文本探勘結合言談解構等 質性與量化工具盒整合分析的概括方法論。期許本文的研究結果，往後得以 使我方能組成相關跨領域專家團隊，來因應中共認知滲透作戰攻擊之挑戰。

關鍵詞：認知滲透作戰、大數據語料庫、資安語言學、文本探勘分析、敘事 語言解構

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) experienced a breakthrough in 2022. The wave of generative AI not only signifies the cross-generational evolution of AI technology but also rewrites the way socio-economic activities operate. By applying generative AI, people can obtain professional-level graphic, text, and multimedia outputs at a lower cost or derive important insights and inferences from data and information. Tasks that previously required time-consuming analysis, writing, and creation, or the assistance of professionals, can now be partially achieved through generative AI in real-time. Consequently, the adoption of generative AI applications will lead to adjustments in existing workflows and human resource arrangements, allocating more resources to procure and set up dedicated AI systems and necessary equipment, training staff to use AI effectively, and reorganizing production, service types, and business models. Leveraging generative AI as a "professional assistant" has also become an important new digital skill for enhancing workplace competitiveness.

From Taiwan's perspective, the impact of generative AI is already evident, bringing both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, the expanding demand for AI usage has clearly reflected in the performance growth of related electronic industries, with the semiconductor and server supply chains being the primary direct beneficiaries, extending to the production and manufacturing of end products that can integrate AI. On the other hand, the demand for digital software services across industries has significantly increased, with many IT service providers viewing the integration of generative AI applications as a critical strategy to expand or reshape their service offerings. More importantly, the application of generative AI across various industries is gradually changing existing workflows, operational models, and industry boundaries. However, domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are still in the adaptation phase of technological integration, struggling with insufficient funding and data, or lacking technology and talent. Therefore, we should focus on how to assist various industries in integrating generative AI with existing business processes and systems, addressing the necessary collaboration mechanisms, application models, and strategic goals for technology implementation to truly respond to the opportunities and challenges of the AI transformation era.

卡爾維諾在《給下一輪盛太平盛世的備忘錄》中曾 提出文學作品的5種價值，放在今日持續能帶給人啟示，他 以「輕」、「快」、「準」、「顯」、「繁」解說5種文學 價值，其中談論「準」的篇章很適合放置在生成藝術的座標之中。

卡爾維諾認為缺乏實體的現象，讓歷史變得鬆散、混 亂，看不到起點與終點，即便某些文學家認為語言的詩意在 於模糊，卡爾維諾則堅持品味模糊之美的必要，需要建立在 高度精確地凝視每個意象的構成──因此看似雜亂的「幻影 式」生成藝術，其蘊藏而盡顯的細節多重、豐饒且充滿高解 析的微粒，反而扣合到「準」的價值。如此，生成藝術的美 學論爭空間便開鑿出更寬闊的地域─ 因為模糊反而成為了 一種精準的講究，從運算模型的建置概念、開源資料的定 錨、圖像運動的節奏、技術性的準確等綜合閱讀、分析，嘗試在班雅明筆下「可辯證的幻景」中感知其模糊亦準確的景 觀，便可嘗試釐清數據究竟是「敘事」或者是「夢囈」，也許可以作為科技藝術美學論的一點備忘錄。

In recent years, App-Based Transportation System (ABTS) like Ride Sharing (Uber, Patho) has become popular day by day. For our daily life, a rickshaw (a 3-wheeled vehicle usually for one or two passengers that one man pulls) is most important for a short distance. If we add this vehicle to our ABTS system, it will be very much helpful for us, specifically for the rainy season in Bangladesh. On heavy rainy days, in our city Dhaka, other vehicles like CNG, cars, and bikes become unused because roads go underwater. However, the man who pulled the rickshaw can serve this condition. It is more important than the conventional rickshaw is unable to provide such service properly. In this regard, we are proposing an App-Based Rickshaw (ABR), which is convenient to get over distance through the internet. To do this, we have collected data through close questionnaires’ from several types of people. In contrast, collected data are based on a text document. So our aim is to Sentiment Analysis (S...

Addressing the problematic structure of technology in restoration discourse of historic conservation that intended to re-c1arify meaning of historic conservation and restoration. To be more precisely, it would refer to what is discursive formation of restoration discourse for historic conservation? We thought that discursive practice of historic restoration was the technological history of innovative use and that concemed with selection and use of technology. The reason the object of restoration technology was neither a thing of inevitable becoming nor a naturalization thing, but a changeable and making thing. The technological essence of "practice-creation", which aimed at reflection of making, was an inter-combination process of "creation" and " production of new knowledge'\The kind of technology concemed with way to know but is not creative way of new knowledge or new thing. It would be cal1ed " technological object" rather than technology. It was like the historical existence that was particular product under ideological context of the social and cultural conditions.

This paper aims to investigate the properties of aluminum-based composite Al2O3/SiC ceramics using new severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods and the finite element method. This research work also focused on the accuracy of the simulation results in manufacturing reinforced Al2O3/SiC ceramic. The latest method was developed by repetitive press-roll forming (RPRF) for processing ceramic-reinforced composite materials. The simulations were carried out to validate the experimental results of the strength testing conducted for composites with the hybrid reinforcement by having ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values that correspond to 123 N/mm2, 130 N/mm2, and 124 N/mm2 for the hybrid composites of two layers, four layers, and six layers, respectively. This is the best result among processes developed, such as accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The experimental results prove that the SPD of the RPRF process can significantly increase the UTS and hardness values in aluminum matrix-based c...

Educators and professionals agree on the top skills and knowledge and the course objectives that should be emphasized within media entrepreneurship courses. All groups of respondents assess team building, revenue streams and content development as the most important skills taught.

This report details progress to date on the “Archiving Australian Media Arts: Towards a method and a national collection” ARC Linkage Project. The project sought to develop a good practice method for preserving and emulating historic digital media artworks from a diverse range of case studies drawn from exhibitions and the media art collections that have been developing across the Australian cultural institutions partnering this project. These include: dLux MediaArts, Experimenta Media Art, ANAT, ACMI, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the State Library of South Australia, and Griffith University Art Museum.
This document reports on what the project team did and how we went about the work of: locating artworks (1.3.1, 2.2); recovering content from obsolete media carriers (3.1); emulating this content (3.2-3.4); and considering questions of curation and exhibition (4). The effort to develop a good practice method to preserve media artworks has been arrived at in conjunction with cultural institutional partners which bridge the diverse cultures, norms and protocols of galleries, libraries, moving image museums, university collections and researchers.
Key outcomes to date include: the acquisition of media art organisation archives into cultural institutions (1.2, 2.1, 5.4); stabilising a large number of disks and artworks from the collections and archives addressed; the emulation of all 32 of the artworks that required emulation; a research protocol that entails sharing access to emulated works with artists in the course of an interview (1.3.2), and seeking their permission for various preservation and research uses going forward (2.3); exhibition outcomes (4.3-4.6); and a database detailing media arts holdings across public collecting institutions nationally (5.3).
The preservation of significant digital heritage artefacts in this project demonstrates the considerable power of research-GLAM consortia in digital preservation. The successes have been made possible by a combination of funding and multi-directional knowledge transfer: from the academy to GLAM professionals; from GLAM partner expertise to university researchers; and the equally generous sharing of knowledge between discrete organisational teams.
The collaborative approach and buy-in from stakeholders has built a nascent community with the confidence to tackle the particular challenges that are entailed in collecting, stabilising and emulating complex digital artefacts. No one institution is undertaking this work in isolation; rather, they are part of a national digital preservation ecosystem, supported by a core research team with high level specialist skills.

In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a system capable of recognizing words extracted from ultra low resolution images such as those frequently embedded on web pages. The design of the system has been driven by the following constraints. First, the system has to recognize small font sizes between 6-12 points where anti-aliasing and resampling filters are applied. Such procedures add noise between adjacent characters in the words and complicate any a priori segmentation of the characters. Second, the system has to be able to recognize any words in an open vocabulary setting, potentially mixing different languages in Latin alphabet. Finally, the training procedure must be automatic, i.e. without requesting to extract, segment and label manually a large set of data. These constraints led us to an architecture based on ergodic HMMs where states are associated to the characters. We also introduce several improvements of the performance increasing the order of the emission probability estimators, including minimum and maximum width constraints on the character models and a training set consisting all possible adjacency cases of Latin characters. The proposed system is evaluated on different font sizes and families, showing good robustness for sizes down to 6 points.

Due to advancement of technology and the convenience of network, it has been easy to store and transmit for videos. Through the Internet, it becomes highly fast and convenient for people to access videos. However, they are also very vulnerable to copy, distribute and theft and resulting in infringement of intellectual property rights. Therefore, it is highly essential to protect the copyright of videos and very urgent to solve this problem. After extensive literature review, we propose to employ the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based watermarking technique to study video intelligence property protection. First, the video is divided into several non-overlapped groups, each with eight image frames. Second, the DWT-based method is utilized to embed watermarks into each frame. Third, random number sequence scheme is adopted to enhance the confidentiality, the ability to resist damage and the robustness characteristic for the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that usi...

Edge detection in hyperspectral images is an intrinsic difficult problem as the gray value intensity images related to single spectral bands may show different edges. The few existing approaches are either based on a straight forward combining of these individual edge images, or on finding the outliers in a region segmentation. We propose as an alternative a clustering of all image pixels in a feature space constructed by the spatial gradients in the spectral bands. An initial comparative study of various hyperspectral datasets shows the differences and properties of these approaches and makes clear that the proposal has interesting properties that may be studied further.

This paper aims to reexamine the process of sense-making by focusing on its "collaborative" aspects and to build up a theoretical framework based on a case study. The results indicated that collaborative sense-making appeared more like a communicative process than a set of fixed structure. On the other hand, the "collaborative sense-making space" could be identified to portray the forming of momentary task strategies metaphorically as the temporality of a collective state of mind. Collaborative sense-making theory enabled the individuals to grasp the emerging process of meaning and structure in their daily communicative activities. In this perspective, future researchers may need to focus more on the dynamic process of the theory. It pinpoints a paradigm shift toward action and practice.

Digitalität verheißt nicht nur Möglichkeiten, sondern erzeugt vielfach Unbehagen. Das Konzept der "Wicked Problems" weist auf grundlegende Muster in den Herausforderungen digitaler Museumspraxis hin und erklärt, wie Museumsakteur*innen damit produktiv umgehen können.

臺灣的錄像藝術發展由 1980 年代肇始至今逾 40 年，2015 年學者孫松榮、 王柏偉等人，透過完整而細膩的田調訪查與文獻整理，完成「啟視錄:臺灣錄像 藝術創世紀 1983-1999」之研究及展覽，建構出臺灣錄像藝術初期發展的研究基 礎。此外，洪鈞元的《臺灣錄像藝術的場域變遷—《啟視錄》研究之後》(2021) 博士論文研究，則承接前述範疇，補充 1980 年代中晚期部分內容，並初步梳理 2000 至 2020 年臺灣錄像藝術的場域變遷。就此看來，雖然臺灣錄像藝術的發展研究已具備階段性雛形，但筆者認為臺灣相關文獻的有限篇幅中，整體的史觀脈絡仍舊過於零碎，無論在研究的史料搭建與認識論的對位上，皆需要更深入的組織與探究。
錄像藝術剛引進臺灣的前十到廿年之間，盧明德、郭挹芬、王俊傑、袁廣鳴、 陳永賢等人，都是身兼創作者與研究者。從自身的創作實踐、策展研究到教育推 廣皆積極推進，在臺灣錄像藝術發展初期占有重要分量。時至今日，錄像藝術已成為一種普遍而常見的創作型態，但筆者觀察出一特殊現象，近年關於臺灣錄像 藝術相關研究成果多為學者所進行的分析與論述，形成理論學者與藝術創作者的明顯分家。此外，也因為整體發展歷程的檔案資料缺乏，我們對於臺灣自身錄像藝術的史觀意識理解有限。事實上，對於自身史觀理解上的斷裂，與此論題的文獻檔案過於鬆散、相關檢索系統缺乏具體建置邏輯，而產生研究上的困境息息相關。有鑑於此，本文的研究方法與論述架構將針對「史觀組織」、「研究取樣」 以及「認識論」的三種面向，進行臺灣錄像藝術發展研究困境的探討，並說明三 大面向之間的循環關係，進而提出未來的研究對策，以及具備研究成效與系統架構的「臺灣錄像藝術資料庫」搭建之可能方法。

This paper presents an unsupervised algorithm of colour image segmentation. This method combines the advantages of the approaches based on split and merge and region growing, and the use of the RGB and HSV colour representation models. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by the implementation of the algorithm using three different testing images with homogeneous regions, spatially compact and continuous. It was observed that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other analysed techniques requiring shorter processing time when compared with the other methods.

John Vallier, Ethnomusicology Curator for University of Washington Libraries in Seattle, addresses community-based strategies for ethical management of ethnomusicology collections at his institution. Challenging traditional models of collection management, he argues for a collaborative approach to collection ownership and access that balances the needs of creators and users and emphasizes ongoing communications with an expanded community of cultural stakeholders. To elaborate his points, Vallier discusses two different collections that illustrate the range of materials maintained by modern ethnomusicology archives. For the first, a collection of late nineteenth/early twentieth-century Pacific Northwestern tribal recordings on wax cylinders and discs from anthropologist Melville Jacobs, Vallier shows how consultation with tribal members has impacted his archives’ strategies for digital access to collection materials. For the second, a collection of twenty-first century digital recordings of local music performances at Seattle’s Crocodile Café made by the club’s audio engineer, Vallier shows how outreach to represented performers similarly impacted his archives’ strategies for managing collection access. In both cases, he argues, ceding authority and control over collection materials, pursuing active dialog with groups represented in the recordings, and listening to the needs of both collection-creators and collection-users formed the foundations for an effective community-oriented audio archival practice.

本文從跨文化電影研究學者瑪克絲(Laura U. Marks)對於視觸影像的觀察作為 起點，論述文化在流徙變形的過程中與影像視聽技術交織成的蒙太奇語言，以及異 文化語言/聽覺、「他舌──口音」在視觸影像觀看過程中可能的干擾與跨碼交涉。 當電影成為存在於新媒體、數據資料庫、蒙太奇敘事、與「媒體語言──文化地理」 的雙重離散性之間的一種混雜介面時，「文化跨碼」(cultural inter-coding)如何成 為新媒體作為電影的內部語言，如何與跨文化電影區隔，又如何是一種可以不斷被交 換、轉譯且在語言的翻譯政治下形構了文化交互介面，成為跨文化電影的另一種格 式。接續，本文提陳軟電影、軟蒙太奇兩種影像語法擴延為「軟紀錄片」，論述在面 對全球化語境時，「文化跨碼」如何在雲端檔案混雜的「糾纏區帶」中成為多重檔案 織線，並外展為記憶、翻譯與變形的軟場景/任意空間。

Image classification, which can be defined as identification of objects in a scene captured by a vision system, is one of the important tasks for remote sensing images. For complex SAR images existing segmentation techniques fails to produce accurate results. This paper proposes an image segmentation method based on similarity of representative features, dynamic statistical region merging (DSRM) and fuzzy logic. Segmentation based on representative features produces oversegmented results. The segmented results are refined based on a dynamic statistical region growing method and uses fuzzy logic for calculating membership grades of pixels to classify pixels into appropriate segments Segmentation results on natural images demonstrate that the presented algorithm produces more robust results than existing techniques

This editorial reviews current research about media entrepreneurship and introduces the four papers published in this special issue. These papers move the emerging academic field of media entrepreneurship forward by outlining the relevance of context for enhancing our understanding of entrepreneurial phenomena, by introducing the theoretical concept of 'entrepreneuring as emancipation', by analyzing the institutionalization of media entrepreneurship education, and by categorizing different investment types in corporate entrepreneurship. The editorial concludes by calling for continuing efforts to theory-building to further develop the field.

This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The proposed research has developed an innovative method and smart controller to measure cholesterol levels. In this research, the cholesterol level can be identified under image processing based on the hand skin image processing. For the investigation, several samples of pictures with and without cholesterol were taken. The kinds of samples are based on age classifications, for example: 20-40 and 40 < 60 years old. For accuracy and simple analysis, 26 sample pictures have been evaluated and investigated under the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for all training and testing hand texture to detect cholesterol level. The performance of this model was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient correlation (r). The Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) of variance were employed in this investigation to determine the instrument's accuracy. The result indicated that the RMSE is appropriate as the standard value, r is 0.95 and Clarke EGA analysis: 92% and 88% for both age classifications.

This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The proposed research has developed an innovative method and smart controller to measure cholesterol levels. In this research, the cholesterol level can be identified under image processing based on the hand skin image processing. For the investigation, several samples of pictures with and without cholesterol were taken. The kinds of samples are based on age classifications, for example: 20-40 and 40 < 60 years old. For accuracy and simple analysis, 26 sample pictures have been evaluated and investigated under the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for all training and testing hand texture to detect cholesterol level. The performance of this model was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient correlation (r). The Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) of variance were employed in this investigation to determine the instrument's accuracy. The result indicated that the RMSE is appropriate as the standard value, r is 0.95 and Clarke EGA analysis: 92% and 88% for both age classifications

Half-hour Zoom session given by RD and Alex Garnett COVER SLIDE My name is Richard Dancy, I'm an archivist at Simon Fraser University Archives in Burnaby, British Columbia, and I'll be joined here by my colleague Alex Garnett, Research Data Management and Systems Librarian at SFU Library. In this session we are going to talk about and give a demo of a piece of software called SFU MoveIt that we use in our digital preservation activities. Specifically, It is a tool for packaging digital materials for transfer. Anyone who wants to send digital files to Archives (university staff or private donors) we ask them to use MoveIt to package their files into standardized containers that follow the BagIt specification, which they can then upload to a deposit folder on SFU Vault, which is the university internal file-sharing system. MoveIt is an open-source software, freely available, any one is welcome to download, install, use, or adapt the code for your own purposes, and I'll put the link in the chat after I'm done Alex is the developer of the tool, and he will give a demo of it. I'm more of a user. We wanted to give a bit of context before