Blue Ocean Strategy

The organizations participating in the Regional Policy Dialog in Latin America and the Caribbean: Challenges and Opportunities for Water-Based Adaptation to Climate Change have contributed to coproduce this document. As such, the content included does not necessarily reflect the official position of these organizations. Moreover, the views expressed through the content of this document represent an effort by the editors and authors to synthesize the most relevant aspects of the debate generated during the Regional Dialog process.

Information Technology or AI, a combination of computer science, logic, biology, psychology, and philosophy, is set to dominate our future, revolutionizing social progress, labor productivity, and cost reduction. It is essential for AI database integration and the next generation of computing, supporting Intelligent Information Systems and distributed cooperative labor. AI and IT integration are enhancing efficiency, creativity, and digital capabilities, with applications in customer service, healthcare, personalized medicine, and driverless cars. The paper tends to review the developments and trends in information technology using artificial intelligence (AI) as weapons to rebuild the future world. With qualitative analysis of previous research studies, the paper tries to explain the role of AI in present information flow as well as for future. And after studying the selective papers it efficiently explains the advantage of AI in both human and environmental way. AI has the potential to significantly impact our lives, but fundamental questions remain unanswered about its extent, scope, and timeline. Current tools are insufficient to predict future AI achievements or fully comprehend its capabilities. To determine the readiness level for different technologies with AI, criteria are defined based on historical evolution. AI has revolutionized the IT industry, improving efficiency, productivity, and quality. However, concerns arise about the potential impact on the workforce, with concerns about job redundancy and potential unjust outcomes in critical areas like employment, finance, and law enforcement.

In the preceding two decades, blue entrepreneurship has emerged as a pivotal proposition for Europe's coastal fishing communities, as these communities have sought to diversify and reinvigorate their local economies. The present paper seeks to shed light on the driving forces and obstacles to the development of blue entrepreneurship in fishing communities through an innovative entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. The results of a qualitative survey, conducted through a questionnaire addressed to representatives of 80 stakeholders (private companies, local authorities, development companies, Local Action Groups for Fisheries (FLAGs), organizations, NGOs, academic and research institutions) based in and around coastal fishing communities, are explored in order to identify the driving forces and barriers to the development of blue entrepreneurship. The research was conducted by selecting stakeholders from five distinct coastal regions of Greece. These regions are dependent on fishing and have local Community-Led Local Development (CLLD)/LEADER programs that were funded by the Operational Program Fisheries and Maritime Affairs 2014-2020 during the 2014-2020 programming period. Subsequently, adopting existing models through an entrepreneurial ecosystem approach, the driving forces and obstacles highlight the weaknesses of Greek blue entrepreneurial ecosystems in coastal fishing communities, focusing on the existing blue framework conditions and the existing blue systemic conditions. Finally, the primary conclusions of the research are emphasized, and policy proposals are advanced to encourage the establishment of blue entrepreneurial ecosystems in Greek coastal fishing areas.

The organizations participating in the Regional Policy Dialog in Latin America and the Caribbean: Challenges and Opportunities for Water-Based Adaptation to Climate Change have contributed to coproduce this document. As such, the content included does not necessarily reflect the official position of these organizations. Moreover, the views expressed through the content of this document represent an effort by the editors and authors to synthesize the most relevant aspects of the debate generated during the Regional Dialog process.

Video games rarely simulate shooting sports accurately. In this paper, we introduce three mobile applications that try to convey the essence of target shooting and biathlon to the players. We look at the applications from the perspectives of game design, implementation, and marketing. Our analysis provides a basis for developing games that take a real-world sport and help the player to appreciate the nuances of the sport, and maybe even to try it out in reality.

Report by the European Academies' Science Advisory Council (EASAC) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission EASAC policy report 28 January 2016 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you).

BackgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-CIG) have been marketed as a safer alternative habit to tobacco smoking. We have developed a group of research protocols to evaluate the effects of e-CIG on human health, called ClearStream. No studies have adequately evaluated the effects of e-CIG use on the release of chemicals to the environment. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the chemicals released on a closed environment from the use of e-CIG (ClearStream-AIR). MethodsA60m 3 closed-room was used for the experiment. Two sessions were organized, the first using 5 smokers and the second using 5 users of e-CIG. Both sessions lasted5h .B etween sessions, the room was cleaned and ventilated for65h .S mokers used cigarettes containing0.6mgof nicotine while e-CIG users used commercially available liquid (FlavourArt) with nicotine concentration of11mg/ml .W e measured total organic carbon (TOC), toluene, xylene, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), nicotine, acrolein, ...

To fulfill the Blue Economy's promise of sustainable and just ocean use, its scientific foundation must more fully integrate the social sciences. Drawing on insights from real-world scientific networking initiatives, we identify three key contributions of the social sciences and propose a strategy to redefine the Blue Economy. This strategy anchors knowledge in societal challenges and emphasizes cocreation, the science-policy interface, knowledge integration, and the values of accountability and care.

In this study, a buckler crab, Cryptopodia angulata, reported for the first time from Majali, Karwar, West coast of India. This species rarely occurs in the Indian coastal waters and this is the first report from the Karwar coast. External characters have been photographed and examined.

Carbon dioxide is one of the major GHGs and a driver in the domain of climate change. In the drive to mitigate and adapt with the issue of climate change, carbon trading has become a vital policy instrument in majority of the countries in the World. It is also a pivotal element of the UNFCCC's (United Nation of Parties of Copenhagen Climate Change Conference) approach to tackle climate change. National or regional carbon trading schemes are now operational in many counties through a well-defined structural policy, specific for the country. Yet the trading is still in a volatile stage. Many schools think that this concept is not very realistic to combat climate change, while others consider this a strict regulation to put cap/limit on the emitters. Unfortunately, the subject is characterized by jargon, abstract concepts, mathematical formulae, and technical detail, making it hard for most people to understand its implications and evaluate its merits and demerits. This paper is a first order analysis to unravel some of this complexity by imparting thrust on three basic componentscap and trade, carbon offsets and carbon tradingwhich underpin the trade in carbon quotas. The case study of the highly urbanized city of Kolkata and Indian Sundarban mangrove ecosystem has been discussed in details with CO2e of dominant trees to analyze the probable credit that can be received from the producer communities of these two sites that are significantly different in terms of anthropogenic footprints and ecological features.

The estuaries of Indian Sundarbans are the hotspots of several categories of ornamental fishes that are primarily distributed as a function of salinity. Carried out a survey during November 2019 to January (postmonsoon period) at 10 stations distributed in the western and central sectors of Indian Sundarbans. Recorded 19 ornamental fish species during our survey, which exhibited significant distribution pattern based on the salinity of the ambient aquatic phase. It is interesting to note that the stations in the western sector of Indian Sundarbans namely, Harinbari (Stn. 1), Chemaguri (Stn. 2), Sagar South (Stn. 3), Lothian island (Stn. 4) and Prentice island (Stn. 5) showed the presence of all types of fishes, where as in the estuarine water surrounding the stations of central Indian Sundarbans namely, Canning (Stn. 6), Sajnekhali (Stn.7), Chotomollakhali (Stn. 8), Satjelia (Stn. 9) and Pakhiralaya (Stn. 10) most of the species are absent. The hypersalinity of the estuarine water might pose an adverse impact on the ornamental fish diversity in this sector of Indian Sundarbans.

The Ipomoea pes-caprae along with water samples were collected from two different sites of east coast of India, namely Marina Beach, Chennai in South India and Digha, West Bengal in North east India during 2018 to 2022. In both water and biological samples, a rising trend is observed except during 2020, which is due to COVID-19 lockdown phase when all the industrial operations, fishing activities, tourism activities were temporarily shut down. The overall results prove the eco-restoration of coastal water quality during COVID-19 lockdown phase.The potential of I. pes-capraeto bioaccumulate heavy metals in their vegetative parts have two importance's, viz. (i) the species can act as an indicator of heavy metal pollution, and (ii) the species can act as an agent of bioremediation. Hence, it is the need of the hour to lower the levels of heavy metals in coastal water through mass scale plantation of potential floral species as it is not only eco-friendly, but also cost-effective.

Two aquatic indicators, namely, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and pH of the aquatic phase were monitored in 18 stations distributed in the western, central, and eastern sectors of Indian Sundarbans during May 2022. A significant spatial variation of these two parameters were observed, which is in accordance with the earlier works. The lowering of pH in all the 18 stations confirms the evidence of acidification in the estuaries of Indian Sundarbans, which may have severe implications on the molluscan community of the estuary that may disrupt the ecological balance evolved in this fragile mangrove ecosystem through the passage of evolution. However, the pace of acidification has found to be of much higher magnitude in the western and central sectors, compared to the eastern Indian Sundarbans. The abundance of halophytes in the eastern sector is the key factor behind the retarding pace of acidification.

Digital transformation has become a critical aspect for organizations in adapting to the evolving business landscape. This paper explores the effects of digital transformation on organizational culture. It discusses how the integration of digital technologies influences the values, beliefs and behaviors within an organization. The analysis encompasses the challenges and opportunities that arise as organizations navigate through this transformation process. By examining existing literature, this study aims to provide insights into how organizational culture can be shaped and influenced by digital transformation initiatives. Ultimately it highlights the importance of aligning digital strategies with cultural change efforts to drive successful transformation outcomes.

The climate crisis poses a grave threat to numerous small island developing states (SIDS), intensifying risks from extreme weather events and sea level rise (SLR). This vulnerability heightens the dangers of coastal erosion, chronic water quality degradation, and dwindling coastal resources, demanding global attention. The resultant loss of ecological persistence, functional services, and ecosystem resilience jeopardizes protection against wave action and SLR, endangering coastal habitats' economic value, food security, infrastructure, and livelihoods. Implementing integrated strategies is imperative. A thorough discussion of available strategies and best management practices for coastal ecosystem restoration is presented in the context of SIDS needs, threats, and major constraints. Solutions must encompass enhanced green infrastructure restoration (coral reefs, seagrass meadows, mangroves/wetlands, urban shorelines), sustainable development practices, circular economy principles, and the adoption of ecological restoration policies. This requires securing creative and sustainable funding, promoting green job creation, and fostering local stakeholder engagement. Tailored to each island's reality, solutions must overcome numerous socio-economic, logistical, and political obstacles. Despite challenges, timely opportunities exist for coastal habitat restoration and climate change adaptation policies. Integrated strategies spanning disciplines and stakeholders necessitate significant political will.

This paper focuses on how AI and ML have changed decisions in retailing, healthcare, financing, and manufacturing careers. They demonstrate how AI is used in supply chain management to support the decision-making process by making forecasts, processing data, and optimizing operations, leading to higher efficiency, decreased costs, and increased customer satisfaction. Thus, the research incorporates quantitative and qualitative approaches, such as surveys and interviews with key stakeholders, and employs statistical and content analysis methods. Significant outcomes include a 20% enhancement of forecasting precision reduction while the operational cost decreases by 21 percent. Nonetheless, the research also discovers an essential issue that employs complex challenges that embrace high-cost implementation, resistance from the workforce, allowance of data privacy, and bias besides algorithms. Some are ethical concerns, and the importance of their regulation is noted. While adopting the decision theory and systems thinking perspectives, this research paper highlights the necessity of effectively and adequately implementing AI into an organization permanently to achieve more benefits. The following are realizable out-ofthe-box solutions that the study suggests, including audiences for employees, data protection for compliance, and conscientization of fairness in AI algorithms. Future directions include situations where these applications are to be broadened to weigh on ethical issues and to encourage optimal technological fairness that will, in turn, ensure sustainable business improvement and innovation.

The briefing note calls attention to three types of ocean inequities faced by Small Island Developing States (SIDS): economic, environmental and governance inequities. Collectively, SIDS are disproportionately reliant on ocean resources for their economic development and to sustain livelihoods, and the potential value of the ocean to these small economies could by huge. But larger and wealthier nations are better placed to exploit these opportunities, for example by subsidising large-scale fisheries and making large investments in marine biotechnology. These economic inequities mean that SIDS are not able to generate their 'fair share' of revenues from ocean-related resources. At the same time, SIDS face higher ocean-related risks than other nations: they have much higher exposure and vulnerability to ocean and coastal stressors such as marine pollution and climate change. Combined with limited funding opportunities and the challenges of being heard in complex ocean governance negotiations, SIDS' ability to develop sustainable ocean-based economies on an equitable basis is undermined. This paper describes some of the most challenging ocean inequities faced by SIDS, as well as successes in 'turning the tide'-where SIDS have already challenged unfair structures and practices and developed their own solutions. Recommendations for development partners to enhance ocean equities and deliver for SIDS and for oceans include ensuring equity issues are at the centre of the international agenda on the blue economy, supporting SIDS to diversify their ocean economies and expand access to new technologies, and supporting SIDS on negotiations and the implementation of international agreements. For the private sector and impact investors, there is an opportunity to help SIDS generate value through sustainable and equitable use of their ocean resources.

Two aquatic indicators, namely, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and pH of the aquatic phase were monitored in 18 stations distributed in the western, central, and eastern sectors of Indian Sundarbans during May 2022. A significant spatial variation of these two parameters were observed, which is in accordance with the earlier works. The lowering of pH in all the 18 stations confirms the evidence of acidification in the estuaries of Indian Sundarbans, which may have severe implications on the molluscan community of the estuary that may disrupt the ecological balance evolved in this fragile mangrove ecosystem through the passage of evolution. However, the pace of acidification has found to be of much higher magnitude in the western and central sectors, compared to the eastern Indian Sundarbans. The abundance of halophytes in the eastern sector is the key factor behind the retarding pace of acidification.

Mangrove forests are known for their unique ability to store organic carbon, about three to five times more than terrestrial forests. The underlying soil substratum of mangrove trees holds a considerable quantum of organic carbon, thus justifying the efficacy of mangrove soil as a vital sink of carbon. However, the soil pH gradually dipped with the increase of anthropogenic footprints in the mangrove forests. We present the decadal variation of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and Soil pH at four stations, namely Kakdwip (Stn. 1) and Sagar South (Stn. 2) in the western sector and Sajnekhali (Stn. 3) and Harinbhanga (Stn. 4) in the eastern sector of Indian Sundarbans based on field survey between 2012 and 2022. The stations in the western sector are exposed to anthropogenic influences of different degrees due to unplanned urban development and the proliferation of shrimp farms coupled with the construction of fish landing stations at the cost of mangroves. The SOC values increased by 47.17% and 14.29% at Kakdwip and Sagar South, respectively. The Surface soil pH values decreased by 1.82% and 0.84% at Kakdwip and Sagar South, respectively, which is a clear footprint of soil acidification. In the eastern sector with luxuriant mangrove vegetation, the SOC values increased by 10.26% and 5.03% at Sajnekhali and Harinbhanga, respectively, during our survey period after a decadal interval. The surface soil pH values exhibited a relatively lesser degree of decrease by 0.49% and 0.24% at Sajnekhali and Harinbhanga, respectively. The high mangrove diversity and density and fewer anthropogenic footprints in the eastern sector may be the reason for the minimum deviation in the values of SOC and soil pH in this region. The western sector, with an extremely low density of mangroves, showed considerable variations in the soil parameters. This may have far-reaching negative consequences on the biotic community in the western Indian Sundarbans as mangroves serve as bio-buffers against acidification in the tropical estuarine ecosystem by shifting the soil pH towards neutrality.

The Lower Gangetic Delta, encompassing the mangrove dominated Sundarban region, is one of the world's largest river deltas, formed by the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers. Spanning 9,630 km² across the Indian part, it houses the Indian Sundarban Biosphere Reserve. This reserve, divided into western, central, and eastern sectors, experiences varying salinity levels that significantly impact biodiversity. Salinity influences mangrove growth and fish populations, exemplified by the critically endangered mangrove species, Heritiera fomes. Mangroves in Sundarban delta play a crucial role in carbon dynamics due to their high carbon storage potential. The chapter emphasizes optimizing the ambient aquatic salinity to enhance carbon sequestration by mangroves. Porteresia coarctata, a saltmarsh grass, thrives in diverse salinity ranges, aiding ecological succession on new land masses. Mangrove associates like Suaeda and Salicornia are resilient to high salinity, suitable for halophyte farming, and can convert underutilized lands into productive carbon sinks, offering ecological and financial benefits, including carbon credits. However, the Sundarban mangroves face threats from deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overharvesting. Natural events and human activities, such as greenhouse gas emissions and overexploitation of natural resources, exacerbate these threats, endangering the ecosystem's stability, vital for coastal protection and carbon storage.

Evaluating risks is essential for ensuring security preparedness from the perspective of technology and information security management. The proposed project aims to develop an IT security system grounded in risk analysis to create a cybersecurity decision support model. In this study, a public retail corporation with over 60 subsidiaries and an on-premises and cloud-based information technology ecosystem was examined. The proposed model focuses on reducing the security threats to the retail industry by acquiring the optimal security system. In this model, the risk was analyzed using the eight steps of the OCTAVE Allegro method. Based on the OCTAVE Allegro method, the proposed model yielded effective results in reducing security threats and demonstrated a correlation between risk and the importance of cybersecurity compliance evaluations in addressing these threats. Furthermore, this study contributed to strategic policymakers by providing recommendations for decision support in cyber security. The recommendations were designed to determine the most effective steps in the process of developing the security system of information technology. In addition, the risk analysis and evaluation of cybersecurity compliance in this research can assist businesses in formulating policies that will develop capable and efficient information technology security systems.

Information Technology or AI, a combination of computer science, logic, biology, psychology, and philosophy, is set to dominate our future, revolutionizing social progress, labor productivity, and cost reduction. It is essential for AI database integration and the next generation of computing, supporting Intelligent Information Systems and distributed cooperative labor. AI and IT integration are enhancing efficiency, creativity, and digital capabilities, with applications in customer service, healthcare, personalized medicine, and driverless cars. The paper tends to review the developments and trends in information technology using artificial intelligence (AI) as weapons to rebuild the future world. With qualitative analysis of previous research studies, the paper tries to explain the role of AI in present information flow as well as for future. And after studying the selective papers it efficiently explains the advantage of AI in both human and environmental way. AI has the potential to significantly impact our lives, but fundamental questions remain unanswered about its extent, scope, and timeline. Current tools are insufficient to predict future AI achievements or fully comprehend its capabilities. To determine the readiness level for different technologies with AI, criteria are defined based on historical evolution. AI has revolutionized the IT industry, improving efficiency, productivity, and quality. However, concerns arise about the potential impact on the workforce, with concerns about job redundancy and potential unjust outcomes in critical areas like employment, finance, and law enforcement.

We analyzed the surface water temperature in three sectors of Indian Sundarbans, which is a mangrove dominated deltaic complex in the lower Gangetic region. The long term data of 30 years reveals an increasing trend in all the three sectors, but the average rate of increase is relatively low in the western sector (4.47%) compared to the central (4.55%) and eastern (4.92%) sectors. The forecast method applied over these data sets exhibit an increase of 6.40%, 7.36% and 7.65% in the western, central and eastern sectors respectively after a period of 30 years (during 2043). The possible implications of such increase are discussed at the local and regional levels.

This study assessed the impact of performance management on employee productivity in Nigerian Public Sector Entities (PSEs). It aimed to examine the effect of performance planning, capacity-building initiatives, performance review and evaluation mechanisms, and performance reward systems on employee productivity. The study adopted a quantitative survey design. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from a sample of 224 participants out of approximate 546 Human Resource Management and Administrative Officers of fiften (15) selected public sector entities (PSEs) in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression. The analyses were facilitated with the aid of Jamovi statistical software (Version 2.3.8). The findings revealed that performance planning (PP) had a positive and significant effect on employee productivity. Capacity-building (CB) initiatives yielded a negative and insignificant effect; while performance review and evaluation (PER) and performance reward systems (PRS) showed positive but statistically insignificant effects. These results highlight the importance of robust performance planning mechanisms in driving productivity, while also indicating the need for improved implementation of other performance management components. The study recommends that performance planning should be enhanced by aligning individual goals with organisational objectives and involving employees in the planning process. It also calls for more targeted and job-relevant capacity-building programmes, improved design and delivery of performance evaluations, and the development of tangible, meritbased reward systems. The study highlights the importance of effective performance management practices in enhancing employee productivity in the Nigerian public service, and concluded that a more integrated and employee-inclusive performance management approach is essential for improving productivity and overall service delivery within Nigerian PSEs.

In the Anthropocene, the world's oceans have come under unprecedented human pressure. Countries have responded to this pressure by organizing themselves internationally around the idea of sustainable ocean governance. However, the geopolitical context in which sustainable ocean governance has taken shape in recent decades has begun to shift. After two centuries marked by British and American maritime hegemony, several other states are now asserting their maritime presence, raising the question of whether an increasingly multipolar environment will bring the relatively stable international maritime order to an end. In this paper we collect, organize, and analyze evidence from academic literature that reports and investigates a shift in geopolitics at sea. Based on the results of this literature review we explore how the international maritime order is changing and discuss what this geopolitical shift means for sustainable ocean governance.

Although the Mediterranean Sea covers only about 1% of the world's ocean surface, it hosts nearly 10%of global marine biodiversity. As a semi-enclosed basin, it is highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures and climate impacs. At the same time, is one of the most intensively used seas on the planet , with dense maritime traffic , commercial fishing, tourism, and urban development concentrated along its coasts.

What's needed in poor countries, and who should pay Climate change is forcing vulnerable communities in poor countries to adapt to unprecedented climate stress. Rich countries, primarily responsible for creating the problem, must stop harming, by fast cutting their greenhouse-gas emissions, and start helping, by providing finance for adaptation. In developing countries Oxfam estimates that adaptation will cost at least $50bn each year, and far more if global emissions are not cut rapidly. Urgent work is necessary to gain a more accurate picture of the costs to the poor. According to Oxfam's new Adaptation Financing Index, the USA, European Union, Japan, Canada, and Australia should contribute over 95 per cent of the finance needed. This finance must not be counted towards meeting the UN-agreed target of 0.7 per cent for aid. Rich countries are planning multi-billion dollar adaptation measures at home, but to date they have delivered just $48m to international funds for least-developed country adaptation, and have counted it as aid: an unacceptable inequity in global responses to climate change. Summary 'If the rainy season starts late, crops fail and people suffer. Children eat leaves. In that situation, only God can help us.' Kasko Ajikara, farmer and father, Gadabedji village, Niger 'We basically have three choices -mitigation, adaptation, and suffering. We're going to do some of each. The question is what the mix is going to be. The more mitigation we do, the less adaptation will be required, and the less suffering there will be.' John Holdren, President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.T 1 There is a deep injustice in the impacts of climate change. Rich countries have caused the problem with many decades of greenhouse-gas emissions (and in the process have grown richer). But poor countries will be worst affected, facing greater droughts, floods, hunger, and disease. The impacts are already hitting vulnerable communities, where people are starting to adapt their lives to this reality. In South Africa, less frequent and less reliable rains are forcing farmers to sell their cattle and plant fastermaturing crops. In Bangladesh, villagers are creating floating vegetable gardens to protect their livelihoods from flooding. In Viet Nam, communities are helping to plant dense mangroves along the coast to diffuse tropicalstorm waves. Climate change is a challenge to current models of economic growth: all countries will have to find low-carbon paths to development, in order to keep global temperatures to less than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. But given their historic role in causing the problem, rich countries now have two extraordinarily clear obligations: to stop harming, by massively cutting their greenhouse-gas emissions, and to start helping, by providing compensatory finance so that poor countries can adapt, before they suffer the full impacts of climate change.

The idea of an endpoint in relation to comics may initially seem paradoxical. After all, the medium has experienced an astonishing renaissance in recent decades, both in its diversity and cultural significance. Nevertheless, there are numerous ruptures and transformations that have prompted us to examine the question of endpoints within the tradition of pictorial storytelling that has accompanied us since the 19th century. This issue now explores the diverse dimensions of the ›end‹ in comics. Our authors have approached these questions from various disciplinary angles—exploring endings as narrative devices, visual metaphors, cultural transitions, and conceptual frameworks—offering concrete insights into how comics represent and negotiate finality.

Evaluating risks is essential for ensuring security preparedness from the perspective of technology and information security management. The proposed project aims to develop an IT security system grounded in risk analysis to create a cybersecurity decision support model. In this study, a public retail corporation with over 60 subsidiaries and an on-premises and cloud-based information technology ecosystem was examined. The proposed model focuses on reducing the security threats to the retail industry by acquiring the optimal security system. In this model, the risk was analyzed using the eight steps of the OCTAVE Allegro method. Based on the OCTAVE Allegro method, the proposed model yielded effective results in reducing security threats and demonstrated a correlation between risk and the importance of cybersecurity compliance evaluations in addressing these threats. Furthermore, this study contributed to strategic policymakers by providing recommendations for decision support in cyber security. The recommendations were designed to determine the most effective steps in the process of developing the security system of information technology. In addition, the risk analysis and evaluation of cybersecurity compliance in this research can assist businesses in formulating policies that will develop capable and efficient information technology security systems.

Social Sustainability (SS) refers to a society's ability to maintain and improve the well-being of its current and future generations. It focuses on inclusivity, equality, human rights, and community development. The core elements of social sustainability include access to resources, participation in decision-making, and the development of social cohesion. It is critical to have a solid method of monitoring the progress of Social sustainability to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Identification of monitoring frameworks suitable for SS Tools for measuring Social Sustainability, such as Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups: These tools are vital for capturing qualitative insights and fostering community participation. Social Indicators such as Employment Rates and Social Inclusion provide measurable benchmarks for SS progress. Social sustainability has gained prominence in recent years due to its recognition as an essential aspect of sustainable development. While environmental and economic sustainability are often prioritized, social sustainability is crucial for building resilient and inclusive communities. The relationship between Social Sustainability (SS), Gender Inequality (GI), Social Capital (SC), and climate change (CC) is complex and intertwined. Utilizing Artificial Intelligence to achieve social sustainability requires addressing gender inequalities that weaken social capital while leveraging AI to create more equitable and inclusive communities.

This study evaluates the impact of aquatic salinity on the Above Ground Biomass (AGB) of five dominant mangrove species namely Sonneratia apetala, Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Avicennia officinalis, and Excoecaria agallocha. The research was conducted across 24 stations in Indian Sundarbans with varying salinity profiles during 2024 to better understand the relationship between ambient aquatic salinity and mangrove biomass in terms of AGB values. Species-specific models were developed to analyse the response of AGB to salinity of the surrounding estuarine water, offering detailed insights into the tolerance and adaptability of each species under changing environmental conditions. The findings reveal that increased salinity adversely affects the AGB of all selected mangrove species, irrespective of their salinity tolerance. Thus, the research highlights the potential vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems to salinity changes caused by climate change, sea-level rise, and anthropogenic activities. Understanding these relationships is crucial for managing and conserving mangrove forests, which play a vital role in carbon sequestration, coastal protection, and supporting biodiversity. The study underscores the importance of strategic conservation efforts tailored to the salinity preferences of specific mangrove species to ensure their sustainability and ecological functionality.

Hospitals must be able to understand the needs, wants, and expectations of customers and create value in providing services to patients. The purpose of this study is to identify various measures of potential value innovation in hospitals using a systematic review approach. A systematic review was from online journal databases that provide free journal articles in PDF format, such as: Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Pubmed indexed by Scopus. From 1402 articles identified in the search phase, 11 articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. The article revealed that value Innovation began to emerge from a strategy called Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS). BOS is a way how a company's strategy can create an irrefutable market space that makes competition irrelevant. Value innovation is the art of making the competition irrelevant by creating new value for customers and organizations, which can be in the form of new technologies, products or processes. Hospital innovation is the result of medical industry competition and is a necessary requirement for hospitals to maintain sustainable development. There are several dimensions for Value Innovation in general, including actors,

Buku “Strategi Kontemporer Bisnis” berisikan materi manajemen strategi kontemporer yang sedang berkembang saat ini.  Buku ini pembahasannya dimulai dari bab satu yang berisi deskripsi keberhasilan dan kegagalan strategi, dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan evaluasi dari teori manajemen srategi. Kemudian pada bab dua, dilanjutkan dengan konsep dasar strategi mulai dari pembahasan arti strategi, hingga pembentukan visi, misi dan tujuan, serta diakhiri perspektif tentang strategi. Pada bab tiga akan dibahasan proses analisis lingkungan eksternal dan internal dan diakhiri dengan berbagai macam alat yang dapat digunakan dalam pengembangan strategi. Pada bab empat pembahasan akan masuk pada lingkup global dimana bisnis saat ini tidak terlepas dari persaiangan global. Bab lima akan dibahas konsep inovasi, penekanan pada nilai startegis dan bagaimana strategi dapat disesuaikan dengan kondisi lingkungan terkini. Bab enam pembahasan akan masuk etika bisni dan strategi bisnis digital yang semakin berkembang pasca pandemic Covid-19. Bab tujuh akan dibahas berbagai pengukuran kinerja strategis. Dilanjutkan bab delapan yang berisi tentang tantangan bisnis kedepan. Untuk bab Sembilan hingga sebelas akan dibahas ringkas konsep strategi samudera biru.

Boracay Island, known for its stunning beaches and tourism, faces challenges in sustainable development due to rapid growth and environmental pressures. This paper presents a Blue Economy Framework designed for Boracay, integrating sustainable development principles with Pope Francis' Laudato Si. The framework seeks to balance economic growth, environmental protection, and community well-being. The study uses stakeholder mapping to engage local communities, government units, businesses, and NGOs. A SWOT analysis reveals strengths such as robust stakeholder involvement and local interest, while identifying weaknesses like limited stakeholder influence and resource constraints. Opportunities include international funding and technological advances, while threats involve climate change and economic instability. A Balanced Scorecard is developed to translate strategic objectives into actionable goals in financial sustainability, community engagement, environmental management, and innovation. The framework includes community involvement, education, research, and effective governance, considering both external factors like climate change and internal factors such as local policies and resource availability, with a focus on faith and values. The paper highlights Boracay's efforts, including environmental workshops and regulations, and examines the role of research and technology in sustainability. It discusses financing through grants, investments, and public-private partnerships. Recommendations stress enhancing stakeholder engagement, investing in education and training, promoting ecotourism, and strengthening policy frameworks. The action plan addresses waste management, water quality, and coastal zone management. This study demonstrates Boracay's commitment to the blue economy and offers a model for other regions seeking to balance development with environmental stewardship.

In rapidly changing and developing world, the importance given for the concept of innovation appeared as an inevitable factor for the firms to obtain sustainable competitive advantage started to increase and has become an issue of a particular concern in agenda of company executives. The concept of innovation appears as a factor that should be discussed as a whole and on which many ideas have been put forward and interpretations have been made. The basic purpose of this study was to discuss the innovation as management emphasizing the importance of innovation in term of businesses. In the study, it is tried to specify whether the companies analyzed in the sample scale determined in Istanbul province had interests related to actualizing innovation and management applications or not. By the help of the hypothesis established in accordance with the purpose of the research, reliability and validity were tested using correlation and regression analysis with SPSS 17 software. Consequently, it was revealed that it is compulsory for entities to adapt and practice innovative and management approaches in order for them to achieve successful results at this process when innovation has become such necessary and important. In particular, innovation directly affects the firm's financial and growth performance in various ways.

The present paper examines the innovative Supply Chain Management (SCM) strategies of Cisco Systems, Inc., a global technology leader, renowned for its adaptable and efficient supply chain practices. Leveraging Configure-To-Order (CTO) and Build-To-Stock (BTS) models, Cisco optimizes supplier, manufacturing, and logistics coordination while integrating lean manufacturing, outsourcing, and sustainability initiatives. A comprehensive SWOT analysis reveals several strengths of Cisco, including its extensive product range, commitment to ethical sourcing, and innovative practices in the circular economy. Cisco’s achievements in operational efficiency, resilience to supply chain disruptions, and adherence to international sustainability standards underscore its robust SCM performance. Additionally, this study employs the Blue Ocean Strategy framework to evaluate Cisco’s market positioning in a highly competitive and saturated environment. By embracing value innovation which is an approach that seeks both differentiation and low cost, Cisco is shifting its focus from traditional market competition to the creation of new, less crowded market spaces like AI, Blockchain, IoT, and 5G. The research employs a case study analysis and SWOT evaluation, to identify key SCM enablers and bottlenecks. Findings emphasize the transformative impact of digital integration, such as IoT, Blockchain, and AI, in enhancing transparency and agility within Cisco's supply chain. Moreover, advanced recycling technologies and digital twin applications are proposed to further Cisco’s commitment to the circular economy. While Cisco
demonstrates robust SCM performance, limitations include vulnerability to supply chain disruptions and high dependency on external partners. Practical implications suggest that adopting renewable energy, employing Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and integrating advanced technologies can address these challenges, driving sustainability and operational excellence. Socially, Cisco’s ethical sourcing and waste-reduction efforts reinforce its corporate social responsibility and stakeholder trust. This research contributes to SCM literature by showcasing Cisco's innovative practices as a benchmark for global supply chain optimization, highlighting strategies that balance efficiency, resilience, and sustainability in an increasingly complex technological landscape. Future implications suggest broader industry adoption of Cisco’s advanced SCM methodologies to foster global sustainable development.

From disappearing coral reefs and ocean acidification to floating great garbage patches, the Pacific Ocean is an ever-present reminder of the Anthropocene. In Oceanic Becoming, Rob Wilson demonstrates that in the midst of the planetary crises the Pacific now faces, it must be understood as interconnected to the other oceans. Wilson frames this interconnection as “Oceania,” reconceiving the world oceans as tied to sites of urban dwelling and life sustenance—from Boston to Brisbane—that are increasingly threatened by late capitalism. Confronting these threats, Wilson argues, requires a project he theorizes as “worlding”—a process of world-making and world-remaking across Oceania that would create new forms of belonging and connection at local, regional, and transnational levels. Wilson shows how Oceania is not just a site of peril but one charged with emergent literary and social formations that can provide the basis for new solidarities, futures, and ecologies.

This study evaluates the impact of aquatic salinity on the Above Ground Biomass (AGB) of five dominant mangrove species namely Sonneratia apetala, Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Avicennia officinalis, and Excoecaria agallocha. The research was conducted across 24 stations in Indian Sundarbans with varying salinity profiles during 2024 to better understand the relationship between ambient aquatic salinity and mangrove biomass in terms of AGB values. Species-specific models were developed to analyse the response of AGB to salinity of the surrounding estuarine water, offering detailed insights into the tolerance and adaptability of each species under changing environmental conditions. The findings reveal that increased salinity adversely affects the AGB of all selected mangrove species, irrespective of their salinity tolerance. Thus, the research highlights the potential vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems to salinity changes caused by climate change, sea-level rise, and anthropogenic activities. Understanding these relationships is crucial for managing and conserving mangrove forests, which play a vital role in carbon sequestration, coastal protection, and supporting biodiversity. The study underscores the importance of strategic conservation efforts tailored to the salinity preferences of specific mangrove species to ensure their sustainability and ecological functionality.

This presentation looks at the strategic question: where do we go from here? Where here is a situation where the fidelity of interoperability is too low. It suggests the answer is going to be in developing the ring forms(s).

Presentation Structure:

BORO situation: setting up the strategic question

Framing – then leveraging – the challenge

a human information evolution perspective: a narrow framework

a biological information evolution perspective: a wider framework

a digital information transmission perspective: visualising interoperability

an information evolution population analysis

Innovation

innovation and diffusion (adoption): a frame for human information evolution

post-digitalisation – evolved-digital

Adding form explicitly to the framing

some of our form challenges

Summary

This literature review examines the transformation of established strategic management tools through artificial intelligence (AI) integration, focusing on nine fundamental methodologies: SWOT Analysis, BCG Matrix, Porter’s Five Forces, OKRs, Blue Ocean Strategy, Balanced Scorecard, Hoshin Kanri, Agile Strategies, and Digital Transformation. While these frameworks have proven their value over decades, the emergence of AI technologies presents unprecedented opportunities for enhancement. This review synthesizes current research on how AI capabilities—including machine learning, natural language processing, and predictive analytics—can augment these traditional frameworks to improve their effectiveness and adaptability in the modern business landscape. The analysis reveals several key themes: (1) AI’s potential to process vast amounts of data for more comprehensive environmental scanning in SWOT and Porter’s analyses, (2) the use of predictive modeling to dynamically update BCG Matrix classifications and Blue Ocean opportunities, (3) real - time monitoring and adjustment of OKRs and Balanced Scorecard metrics through AI - driven dashboards, and (4) the integration of AI decision support systems in Hoshin Kanri and Agile methodologies. The review also identifies critical gaps in current research, particularly regarding the ethical implications of AI - enhanced strategic decision - making and the need for human oversight in strategic planning processes, contributing to both academic literature and practical application by providing a structured framework for the understanding of how AI can enhance rather than replace traditional strategic tools while highlighting areas requiring further research and development. The findings suggest that successfully integrating AI into these frameworks requires a balanced approach that leverages technological capabilities while preserving the human-centric aspects of strategic decision-making.

The organizations participating in the Regional Policy Dialog in Latin America and the Caribbean: Challenges and Opportunities for Water-Based Adaptation to Climate Change have contributed to coproduce this document. As such, the content included does not necessarily reflect the official position of these organizations. Moreover, the views expressed through the content of this document represent an effort by the editors and authors to synthesize the most relevant aspects of the debate generated during the Regional Dialog process.

Il presente studio esamina il modello della Blue Economy, elaborato da Gunter Pauli, come evoluzione della Green Economy, ponendo particolare attenzione al suo ruolo nella gestione sostenibile delle risorse marine e nella transizione ecologica.
L'analisi si sviluppa a partire da un confronto tra i modelli economici tradizionali, la Green Economy e la Circular Economy, per poi focalizzarsi sulle attività economiche legate agli oceani, ai mari e alle risorse idriche, con un approfondimento su settori chiave quali il turismo, i trasporti marittimi e la ristorazione. Viene inoltre esaminato il quadro normativo e istituzionale, con un focus sulle politiche europee e nazionali che incentivano la crescita sostenibile, tra cui il Green Deal Europeo e il Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR).
Infine, lo studio mette in luce le opportunità e le sfide della Blue Economy, evidenziando le sue potenzialità nell’innovazione tecnologica e nel raggiungimento degli obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile, con particolare riferimento al contesto italiano ed europeo.

In this study, volatile oil of seeds of Cassia tora (L.) was extracted with microwave-assisted extraction<br> methodology followed by Gas chromatography mass spectrometric analysis that led to the identification of 35<br> constituents representing a total of 73.35% of the total oil composition. Results revealed that the plant was rich in<br> fatty acids where major ingredients were: linoleic acid (26.71%), palmitic acid (25.28%), indole (2.56%) and<br> oleamide (2.08%). Moreover, many oil constituents were well-known aroma imparting compounds with<br> bioactive properties.<br>