Birthing Customs

Quality care throughout pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum period inclined the chances to decrease maternal mortality and morbidity rate mostly for women with complex needs. Midwives often required doing as an obstetrician, nurse and administrator meeting the needs of the pregnant women. The care of mother receives during pregnancy, intrapartum and early postnatal period plays a vital role in safeguarding women remain to be healthy and well-nourished through rendering good obstetrical services with a skilled and competent midwife. The research aimed to study the level of satisfaction of mothers on the health services provided by Midwives in the different Birthing Centers in Tabuk City A descriptive research design was used in the study. Frequency and percentage were applied in summarizing the profile variables of the respondents. Moreover, ANOVA and Chi square were used on the relationship of clients on the level of the satisfaction when grouped according to their profile variables. With the analysis of findings of this study it was concluded that there were significant differences on the level of satisfaction of mothers in terms of maternal health services on postnatal when grouped according to ethnic origin.

Quality care throughout pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum period inclined the chances to decrease maternal mortality and morbidity rate mostly for women with complex needs. Midwives often required doing as an obstetrician, nurse and administrator meeting the needs of the pregnant women. The care of mother receives during pregnancy, intrapartum and early postnatal period plays a vital role in safeguarding women remain to be healthy and well-nourished through rendering good obstetrical services with a skilled and competent midwife. The research aimed to study the level of satisfaction of mothers on the health services provided by Midwives in the different Birthing Centers in Tabuk City A descriptive research design was used in the study. Frequency and percentage were applied in summarizing the profile variables of the respondents. Moreover, ANOVA and Chi square were used on the relationship of clients on the level of the satisfaction when grouped according to their profile variables. With the analysis of findings of this study it was concluded that there were significant differences on the level of satisfaction of mothers in terms of maternal health services on postnatal when grouped according to ethnic origin.

One out of every 16 newborn dies in rural poor communities of Uttar Pradesh. Survival of newborns is influenced much by care provided by the family. This qualitative study identifies factors influencing newborn care in rural poor socially backward communities of Agra. Interviews and group discussions were conducted with mothers and grandmothers of newborns belonging to low socioeconomic status and traditional birth attendants (TBAs). Aspects enquired were birth preparedness, intra and postpartum care. Available responses were semi quantified. Home deliveries were common and conducted mostly by mother-in-laws (MILs) or TBAs who felt incompetent to handle complicated labour. Birth preparedness was uncommon. Nearly all newborns were left wet and naked on the floor until the placenta was delivered and bathed immediately after birth. Very few birth attendants washed their hands with soap prior to delivery. Of these, none let their hands air dry after washing. An unsterilized cord tie and new blade dipped in hot water before use was used to tie and cut the cord. No application was applied on cord stump. Majority of newborns were neither initiated breast feeding timely nor were they exclusively breast-fed. Behaviourial influencers included-i) MIL's advice, ii) traditional beliefs or iii) following a practice because it was the done thing in the community. Barriers that emerged were-i) fear that if traditions are not followed the baby may be harmed, ii) families did not perceive any disadvantage of their current practice, iii) relating neonatal death to fate and iv) low maternal self-efficacy in practicing recommended behaviours because the MIL took final decision regarding newborn care. There is a need to engage collective dialogue with MILs and TBAs and assert the positive role they can play in promoting context responsive newborn care.

Welcoming a new member to the community, such as a baby, happened in a frame of various rites and rules in the traditional societies before. In the Korean society, the conception of a baby is connected to beliefs even today, for instance based on the conception dreams they make suppositions regarding the child’s gender, personality and future. Back then, the mother had to follow strict rules during the months of the pregnancy, and they had to offer sacrifices for the god of birth on the day of the labor. At the same time, giving birth means pain and blood, which was considered quite unclean, so different measured had to be taken. For example, they hung a straw string on the main gate, thanks to that the neighbors and relatives got the news of the arrival of the baby. In the modernized 21st century, the majority of those old traditions, superstitions and practices had already faded away, the habits in relations with the pregnancy and childbirth changed. The modern medicine took the place of the old beliefs, and the families are willing to pay high amount of money to different institutions so they can have the mother and the baby in a safe place. However, there are some interesting point we can highlight, since they still remained even in the days of the new lifestyle, like eating seaweed soup, which occurs as a birthday dish as well. Also, they still rely on the conception dreams seen by the future mom or grandmother. That can be an indicator for a still unknown pregnancy.

Although nowadays South Korea is facing the problem of the too low birth rate, before the
mid-20th century, an average Korean woman gave birth 6-7 times in her lifetime. An
offspring was a very precious member of a family, so no wonder the Korean traditional
society has so many rites and beliefs to help the conception of a baby (gijasok 기자속 祈子俗
). The examination of these customs will lead us to the quite unusual topic of the cult for male
and female reproductive organs (gijaam 기자암 祈子岩). Visiting these auspicious places, the
rites performed and the prayers said there were important responsibilities for the women who
eager to get pregnant and bring a new life, preferably a baby boy to the community. This
papers aims to discuss the fertility rites of the traditional Korean society.

One out of every 16 newborn dies in rural poor communities of Uttar Pradesh. Survival of newborns is influenced much by care provided by the family. This qualitative study identifies factors influencing newborn care in rural poor socially backward communities of Agra. Interviews and group discussions were conducted with mothers and grandmothers of newborns belonging to low socioeconomic status and traditional birth attendants (TBAs). Aspects enquired were birth preparedness, intra and postpartum care. Available responses were semi quantified. Home deliveries were common and conducted mostly by mother-in-laws (MILs) or TBAs who felt incompetent to handle complicated labour. Birth preparedness was uncommon. Nearly all newborns were left wet and naked on the floor until the placenta was delivered and bathed immediately after birth. Very few birth attendants washed their hands with soap prior to delivery. Of these, none let their hands air dry after washing. An unsterilized cord tie and new blade dipped in hot water before use was used to tie and cut the cord. No application was applied on cord stump. Majority of newborns were neither initiated breast feeding timely nor were they exclusively breast-fed. Behaviourial influencers included –i) MIL's advice, ii) traditional beliefs or iii) following a practice because it was the done thing in the community. Barriers that emerged were –i) fear that if traditions are not followed the baby may be harmed, ii) families did not perceive any disadvantage of their current practice, iii) relating neonatal death to fate and iv) low maternal self-efficacy in practicing recommended behaviours because the MIL took final decision regarding newborn care. There is a need to engage collective dialogue with MILs and TBAs and assert the positive role they can play in promoting context responsive newborn care.