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Biohydrogen Production

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lightbulbAbout this topic
Biohydrogen production refers to the generation of hydrogen gas through biological processes, primarily involving microorganisms such as bacteria and algae. This process typically occurs through fermentation or photosynthesis, utilizing organic substrates or light energy, and is studied for its potential as a sustainable and renewable energy source.
lightbulbAbout this topic
Biohydrogen production refers to the generation of hydrogen gas through biological processes, primarily involving microorganisms such as bacteria and algae. This process typically occurs through fermentation or photosynthesis, utilizing organic substrates or light energy, and is studied for its potential as a sustainable and renewable energy source.

Key research themes

1. How can process optimization and microbial consortia improve fermentative biohydrogen production efficiency?

This theme investigates strategies to enhance biohydrogen yields and production rates in fermentative biological systems. It focuses on microbial community compositions (pure cultures vs. co-cultures), metabolic pathway management, and operational conditions such as substrate type, pretreatment, pH, temperature, and bioreactor configurations. The fermentative approach remains a frontrunner for practical biohydrogen production due to its capability to process diverse organic wastes under mild conditions, yet often suffers from limitations like low yield and inhibition by by-products. Understanding microbial synergies and optimizing process parameters aim to overcome these bottlenecks for scalable, efficient biohydrogen generation.

Key finding: This review analyzed 195 studies on fermentative biohydrogen production by pure bacterial cultures, revealing that co-cultures consistently outperform mono-cultures in hydrogen yield and production rate due to synergistic... Read more
Key finding: This paper highlights fermentative biohydrogen production’s advantages such as rapid hydrogen production under mild conditions and organic waste valorization, while addressing factors influencing yield including inoculum... Read more
Key finding: Experimental batch tests detailed how pretreatment methods (NaOH and KOH) selectively induce either acetate-butyrate or acetate-ethanol metabolic pathways during glucose fermentation, with associated differences in hydrogen... Read more
Key finding: This review consolidates findings that dark fermentation of food waste yields higher biohydrogen production potential compared to other wastes due to high carbohydrate content and biodegradability. It analyzes effects of... Read more
Key finding: Focusing on dark fermentation of various industrial wastewaters rich in carbohydrates, this review identifies the importance of pretreatment to suppress methanogens and enhance hydrogen-producing bacteria. It synthesizes... Read more

2. What are the roles and challenges of lignocellulosic and algal biomass pretreatment in sustainable biohydrogen production?

This research theme addresses the critical necessity of pretreating complex biomass sources—such as lignocellulosic residues and microalgal biomass—to improve biohydrogen yields by enhancing substrate accessibility and reducing inhibitory compounds. Pretreatment methods range from physical (thermal, microwave, sonication), chemical (acid, alkali), to biological approaches. The theme encompasses decoding the trade-offs between pretreatment efficacy, energy input, cost, and environmental sustainability. It further explores the integration of pretreatment with downstream fermentation or photobiological processes, aiming at scalability and life cycle sustainability of biomass-to-biohydrogen conversion.

Key finding: This paper systematically reviews various biomass pretreatment methods critical for improving enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent biohydrogen yields, particularly focusing on lignocellulosic and algal biomass. It identifies... Read more
Key finding: This comprehensive review highlights the technological challenges in converting the heterogeneous and crystalline structure of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars for biohydrogen production. It assesses various... Read more
Key finding: The review critically compares physical, thermal, chemical, and biological pretreatment methods for disintegrating food waste to enhance biohydrogen yields, emphasizing that pretreatment improves hydrolysis rates and... Read more
Key finding: This review explores microalgae derived from wastewater as a substrate for biohydrogen production, underscoring the necessity of pretreatment to increase carbohydrate availability and enhance hydrolysis. It analyzes reactor... Read more
Key finding: This paper details the biochemical and molecular bases of hydrogen production in microalgae, highlighting biophotolysis and photobiological pathways. It discusses challenges related to oxygen sensitivity, low light transfer... Read more

3. What are the techno-economic and sustainability considerations constraining the commercialization of biohydrogen production?

This theme examines the economic viability, technological hurdles, life cycle impacts, and policy frameworks influencing the practical deployment of biohydrogen production technologies. It encompasses cost analyses for various biological production routes, scalability challenges including reactor design and feedstock logistics, and the interplay of energy efficiency with greenhouse gas mitigation. The theme also reviews advances in metabolic engineering, process integration, and renewable feedstock utilization as pathways to improve sustainability and competitiveness vis-à-vis fossil fuel-derived hydrogen.

Key finding: This mini-review synthesizes metabolic pathways for microalgal biohydrogen production and couples these with techno-economic cost estimations. It reports production costs from $1.42 to $7.61 per kg hydrogen depending on the... Read more
Key finding: The review contextualizes biohydrogen within the sustainable energy economy, emphasizing its high energy density and zero-carbon combustion. It critically assesses current biological and thermochemical production methods,... Read more
Key finding: This comprehensive review evaluates advances in biohydrogen production from industrial wastewater, noting maximum hydrogen yields of up to 7.1 mol H2/mol glucose via sequential dark/photo fermentation with costs of... Read more
Key finding: This analysis underscores hydrogen’s potential as a clean energy vector and surveys real wastewater types conducive for biohydrogen generation, particularly carbohydrate-rich effluents. It delineates prevailing reactor... Read more
Key finding: This review focuses on thermophilic bacterial biohydrogen production, presenting metabolic pathways, enzyme systems, and substrate options including agricultural residues. It finds thermophilic processes yield higher hydrogen... Read more

All papers in Biohydrogen Production

A study was undertaken to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of sago wastewater (SWW) from various sago industries in Salem and Namakkal districts of India. Besides, different SWW (raw wastewater, aerobic wastewater, treated... more
The world needs new energy sources that are durable for long time and which not affect the environment negatively. Biogas fulfills those demands. The biogas process is however not completely optimized. Several of the substrates used today... more
The aim of the present work was the simultaneous treatment of urban wastewater using microalgae and the energetic valorization of the obtained biomass. Chlorella vulgaris (Cv) Scenedesmus obliquus (Sc) and a naturally occurring algal... more
Batch production of biohydrogen from cassava wastewater were investigated using (i) anaerobic seed sludge, (ii) a mixed culture of anaerobic seed sludge and Rhodospirillum rubrum, and (iii) a two-step batch culture of anaerobic seed... more
This work aims at optimization of biohydrogen production(BHP) from agro waste water. To determine the physicochemical properties of the cassava waste water the sample was subjected to analysis using standard methods. Broth medium was made... more
The conversion of biomass into biohydrogen is an intriguing area of research due to its potential as a sustainable energy source. Microorganisms can transform various biomass types-such as lignocellulosic materials, organic waste, sugars,... more
Anaerobic digestion (AD) process couples the privilege of biowaste reduction and bioenergy production. Hereby, enhancing AD of potato processing wastewater (PPW) in one-stage vs. two-stage AD process using graphite rods, 50, 100 and 200... more
Enhancements in biohydrogen production at furfural concentrations of up to1 g/L. Furfural threshold concentration of 61 g/L was established. A food-to microorganisms ratio of 4 gCOD/gVSS was optimal. Hydrogen yields correlated linearly... more
In this study, the capability of a rot fungus isolated from cattle rumen was investigated as a means of biodegrading field grass. Coprinopsis cinerea, which is classified as an obligate aerobic organism, was isolated under semi-aerobic... more
The objective of this research was to develop an alkali pretreatment process prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) of napier grass for improving solubilization of the lignocellulosic biomass and subsequent enhancement in biogas productivity.... more
The production of H 2 by biological means, although still far from being a commercially viable proposition, offers great promise for the future. Purification of the biogas obtained may lead to the production of highly concentrated H 2... more
The development of a low-cost device used for anaerobic biodegradability testing is described, together with its experimental validation. The equipment is based on manometric measurements of the biogas produced during the fermentation of... more
Biological production of hydrogen can be carried out by photoautotrophic or photoheterotrophic organisms. Here, the photosystems of both processes are described. The main drawback of the photoautotrophic hydrogen production process is... more
Biomass can be a sustainable choice for bioenergy production worldwide. Biohydrogen production using fermentative conversion of biomass has gained great interest during the last decade. Besides being an efficient transportation fuel,... more
In this study, the biohydrogen production ability of isolated strains with sago industrial effluent in anaerobic batch fermentation was investigated. The bacteria responsible for the biohydrogen were isolated and identified as Clostridium... more
Sago industrial effluent is highly organic and acidic in nature and generates pungent odour. As it is highly rich in organic compound starch that acts as the substrate hosting various bacterial communities, it plays an important role in... more
The present study demonstrated the production of biohydrogen from the cassava industry wastewater and the formation of organic acids. The biohydrogen production was carried out with Clostridium sartagoforme NASGE 01, an anaerobic... more
Aims: This research aims to investigate the potential of biohythane (biohydrogen and biomethane) production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) in a two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) system. Methodology and results: A two-stage AD system... more
The effects of steam and sulfuric acid pretreatment on anaerobic digestion (AD) of whiskey byproducts (including draff, thin and thick stillage) were investigated in order to improve the digestion performance under both mesophilic and... more
UCC Library and UCC researchers have made this item openly available. Please let us know how this has helped you. Thanks! Title Can acid pre-treatment enhance biohydrogen and biomethane production from grass silage in single-stage and... more
Anaerobic digestion has been proven as sustainable process technology for organic waste conversion into renewable bio-energy. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of mono-digestion process for different types of food waste... more
Global research is moving forward in developing hydrogen as a renewable energy source in order to alleviate concerns related to carbon dioxide emissions and depleting fossil fuels resources. Biohydrogen has the potential to replace... more
In present a large variety of effluents is available which is the result of exhaustive use of fresh water forms and human activities. The energy generation from carbohydrate rich effluents is a very fruitful approach in the present era... more
The present study describes a novel method in which petha wastewater (PWW) and rice straw (RS) were pretreated symbiotically to improve the quality of both wastes. This pretreatment helped in lignocellulosic degradation of RS, which can... more
Biological production of hydrogen can be carried out by photoautotrophic or photoheterotrophic organisms. Here, the photosystems of both processes are described. The main drawback of the photoautotrophic hydrogen production process is... more
Ontario A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Engineering Science degree in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
h i g h l i g h t s Enhancements in biohydrogen production at furfural concentrations of up to1 g/L. Furfural threshold concentration of 61 g/L was established. A food-to microorganisms ratio of 4 gCOD/gVSS was optimal. Hydrogen yields... more
Biosynthesis is a promising green method to produce hydrogen fuel. Different approaches have been used in this regard to enhance hydrogen yield, however, there is still a need to explore further. The current research is an effort to... more
This study presents the use of a machine learning method from the artificial intelligence area, such as the support vector machines, applied to the construction of data-based classification models for diagnosing undesired scenarios in the... more
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will... more
In this paper, the improving roles and mechanisms of grass hydrogen fermentation by biochar combined with zero-valent iron nanoparticles (Fe 0 NPs) were investigated. The experimental results revealed that biochar (600 mg/L) combined with... more
Hydrogen-producing bacterial strains were isolated from granular sludge from a UASB reactor that treats brewery wastewater. Most of the isolated strains were related to the Enterobacter genus through a phylogenetic analysis of the 16S... more
h i g h l i g h t s Sugarcane molasses was suitable for thermophilic hydrogen production. Inocula, support material and OLR influenced hydrogen production. Thermoanaerobacterium, Clostridium sensu stricto and Thermotuga were selected.
The present study evaluated the influence of organic loading rate in biohydrogen production from dairy wastewater in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor inoculated by natural fermentation of the wastewater used during the operational... more
The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of ultrasonic factors (acoustic power and sonication time) and substrate mixture (tomato waste and cow manure) on the degradability of lignocellulosic structures, removal of... more
Lignocellulosic biomass including agricultural and forestry residues such as willow sawdust could be used as feedstock for anaerobic digestion (AD). Hydrolysis has been shown to be the rate-limiting step in the case of AD of such... more
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus has proven itself to be an excellent candidate for biological hydrogen (H 2) production, but still it has major drawbacks like sensitivity to high osmotic pressure and low volumetric H 2 productivity,... more
A study was performed regarding the production of methane by an AnSBBR treating wastewater coming from a biohydrogen production process using vinasse (sugar cane stillage). The reactor operated with recirculation of liquid phase in... more
Methane reforming of carbon dioxide over Rh(2wt.%)/CeO 2 was studied by using a microactivity reference unit reactor at 500-680C and a micromeritics autochem pyrex reactor at 200 to 800C with existence of a mass spectrophotometer.... more
Anaerobic acidification of eight organic streams (cheese whey, sugarcane molasses, organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW), glycerol, soapy slurry, winery wastewater, olive mill effluent, and landfill leachate) was evaluated in... more
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Glycerol is an inevitable by-product from biodiesel synthesis process and could be a promising feedstock for fermentative hydrogen production. In this study, the feasibility of using crude glycerol from biodiesel industry for biohydrogen... more
In the present work, a continuous process was developed for the production of advanced biobased hydrogen enriched methane, from crude glycerol in a two-stage reactor system. In the first step, biohydrogen production was studied, using... more
The effect of temperature, initial pH and glucose concentration on fermentative hydrogen production by mixed cultures was investigated in batch tests, and the optimization of fermentative hydrogen production process was conducted by... more
Global research is moving forward in developing hydrogen as a renewable energy source in order to alleviate concerns related to carbon dioxide emissions and depleting fossil fuels resources. Biohydrogen has the potential to replace... more
This paper reports on the optimum conditions for simultaneous hydrogen and butyric acid production from microalgae (Chlorella sp.) using enriched anaerobic mixed cultures as inoculum. The fermentation was objectively carried out under... more
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