Key research themes
1. How do natural products and their bioactive substances contribute to drug discovery and therapeutic development?
This research theme investigates the role of natural products (NPs), including plant secondary metabolites and compounds from other biological sources, as reservoirs of bioactive substances that have historically and currently driven drug discovery. It focuses on the chemical diversity, structural complexity, and biological specificity of these naturally-derived compounds as lead compounds or templates for new pharmaceuticals. The research explores methods of identification, extraction, structural elucidation, and optimization (e.g., structure-activity relationships) to develop effective therapeutic agents against a range of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, chronic inflammatory disorders, and metabolic syndromes. Understanding these aspects aids in leveraging nature’s diversity for novel medicines and overcoming challenges such as multidrug resistance and drug toxicity.
2. What are the methodologies and challenges for isolating, quantifying, and evaluating bioactive compounds from natural sources?
This theme focuses on the extraction, isolation, purification, and analytical techniques used to identify, characterize, and assess the potency and total bioactivity of natural compounds. It includes bioactivity-guided fractionation, chromatographic separation, spectroscopic analysis, and in vitro bioassays. The research also addresses challenges such as preserving synergistic interactions, quantifying retention/loss of activity during purification, and establishing structure-activity relationships. Methodological advances are critical for transitioning from crude extracts to defined bioactive compounds suitable for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical applications.
3. What are the health benefits and toxicological considerations of bioactive compounds derived from plants and natural sources?
This theme encompasses research on the physiological effects, therapeutic benefits, and safety concerns of bioactive natural products when consumed as functional foods, herbal medicines, or pharmaceutical candidates. It covers antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, and metabolic modulating activities, alongside discussion of toxicity profiles, potential adverse effects, and dosage considerations. Understanding the dual nature of bioactive compounds—therapeutic versus toxic—is crucial for safe and effective application in human health.