Augmented Reality Technology

Статтю присвячено одній з актуальних проблем модернізації освітнього середовища  інтеграції дітей з особливими освітніми потребами в освітній простір закладу загальної середньої освіти. Основна увага зосереджується на теоретико-методичних засадах застосування технологій альтернативної та додаткової комунікації – Picture Exchange Communication System. На основі аналізу наукової літератури встановлено зростання дослідницького інтересу до впливу карток PECS на соціально-комунікативні навички у дітей з розладами аутистичного спектру, відповідно і на поведінку, гру та соціальне функціонування, а також особливості навчання та консультування вчителів у вищезазначеному фокусі проблематики.
В основній частині статті представлено опрацювання наукової літератури та методичні аспекти проблематики. Зокрема, розкрито сутність поняття та мету методики Picture Exchange Communication System. Окрему увагу приділено аналізу особливостей та алгоритму застосування, окреслено переваги та недоліки комунікативної системи. Висвітлено тематику індивідуальних та групових занять з використанням карток в освітньому середовищі, які можна умовно структурувати на напрямами: освітній процес, повсякденне життя, почуття, природні явища соціальна взаємодія. Представлено низку авторських розробок дидактичних ігор «У нашому дворі», «Екстрені служби», «Смачний десерт», «Магазин іграшок» у ракурсі методики Picture Exchange Communication System. Також зазначено, що за допомогою технологій та дидактичних ігор педагогічні працівники  можуть  підвищити  мотивацію  щодо розвитку комунікативно-мовленнєвих навичок дітей з мовленнєвими порушеннями. У контексті розвідки звернено увагу на технологічний розвиток, який уможливлює розробку карток в середовищах та графічних редакторах.
Зроблено узагальнюючі  висновки  щодо  вивчення  цього  питання  й  наведено перспективи подальшого дослідження особливостей психологічного аспекту формування мовленнєвої компетентності у дітей з особливими освітніми потребами у закладах загальної середньої освіти. Надано бібліографічний список.

Mobile-based Augmented Reality (AR) has grown rapidly in various sectors including an education field. This technology has supported in facilitating users to perform daily tasks such as tools in teaching and learning. However, in teaching and learning activities still practise a traditional method by using books that have caused students feel bored and cannot focus in the activities. Therefore, with the advent of ‘BelajarBacaanSolat’ using Augmented Reality (AR-BBS) application these students can utilize this to improve students' level of understanding as well as attract them to stay focus in the learning. The objective of this project was to help the primary school students to study an Islamic subject namely Kelas al-Quran dan Fardu Ain (KAFA). In addition, this project can also benefit to KAFA teachers in teaching student more effectively. This research focus on the topic of “BacaanSolat” in prayer. The framework proposed in this research contains three items including entity,...

In the early days of navigation, humans relied on visual landmarks such as mountains, coastlines, and structures to determine their location and direction. With the arrival of tools like compasses and sextants, navigation became more precise, enhancing navigation and positioning. In the modern era, outdoor navigation relies heavily on global satellite-based positioning systems such as GPS, allowing individuals to navigate around the globe, locate points of interest, and assist robots in positioning themselves in both known and unknown environments.

While indoor positioning systems have been in development for decades, their adoption has accelerated in recent years in complex environments like airports, supermarkets, and warehouses. These systems are employed for tasks such as resource tracking, automated order picking, and guiding users through complex building layouts. Unlike traditional positioning systems, which rely on a fixed set of techniques, indoor positioning or navigation systems often use diverse technologies and hardware, usually requiring proprietary software or intricate calibration to function. This reliance on proprietary solutions creates several challenges. Users are often required to install software for each specific location or building, fragmenting the user experience and raising concerns about privacy and data ownership. For building owners, the high costs and complexity of developing and deploying these systems limit broader adoption. Moreover, closed systems hinder interoperability, making it difficult to integrate or share data across different platforms.

These challenges extend beyond positioning systems and reflect general issues with user data, where closed applications restrict seamless data exchange from one platform to another. One promising solution involves creating open frameworks that enable seamless data interoperability, giving users greater control over their information while reducing dependence on systems owned and managed by a single organisation. Although regulatory initiatives within the European Union are gradually enabling data interoperability, significant obstacles remain, particularly
in domains where data does not rely on existing standardisations, such as is the case with indoor positioning systems.

This research focuses on enabling seamless data and knowledge exchange between positioning systems, both indoor and outdoor. It addresses the limitations of current approaches by proposing a framework that facilitates the integration, discovery, and management of location data in a way that prioritises user control and interoperability. Central to this research is the development of improved vocabularies that enhance machine understanding of location data, providing a foundation for seamless communication between systems. Additionally, it explores techniques for enabling positioning systems to discover one another without prior coordination, thereby reducing the dependency on pre-established connections and broadening their use and reuse in other use cases. The research also introduces strategies for managing user data effectively, ensuring privacy and flexibility while supporting seamless exchange across systems. These contributions collectively advance the
development of an open, interoperable ecosystem for both indoor and outdoor positioning systems, addressing key limitations of current approaches and paving the way for a future where location data can be stored, shared, and accessed effortlessly across a wide range of use cases and technologies.

Fiducial markers are visual objects that can be placed in the field of view of an imaging sensor to determine its position and orientation, and subsequently the scale and position of other objects within the same field of view. They are used in a wide variety of applications ranging from medical applications to augmented reality (AR) solutions where they are applied to determine the location of an AR headset. Despite the wide range of different marker types with their advantages for specific use cases, there exists no standard to decide which marker to best use in which situation. This leads to proprietary AR solutions that rely on a predefined set of marker and pose detection algorithms, preventing interoperability between AR applications. We propose the FidMark fiducial marker ontology, classifying and describing the different markers available for computer vision and augmented reality along with their spatial position and orientation. Our proposed ontology also describes the procedures required to perform pose estimation, and marker detection to allow the description of algorithms used to perform these procedures. With FidMark we aim to enable future AR solutions to semantically describe markers within an environment so that third-party applications can utilise this information.

Discovering smart devices in the physical world often requires some type of indoor positioning system. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons are a well-established technique to create scalable lowcost positioning systems for indoor navigation, tracking and location awareness. While various BLE specifications aim to provide a generic way to uniquely identify a beacon and optionally detect its location, they are either deployment specific or do not broadcast enough information to be used without a proprietary database containing the locations of installed beacons. We present a novel BLE advertising solution and semantic ontology extension called SemBeacon that is backwards compatible with existing specifications such as iBeacon, Eddystone and AltBeacon. With the help of a prototype application, we demonstrate how SemBeacon enables the creation of real-time positioning systems that can describe their location as well as the environment in which they are located. In contrast to Eddystone-URL beacons which were originally used in Google's Physical Web project to broadcast web pages of physical objects, SemBeacon is a specification for broadcasting semantic data about the environment and positioning systems that are available within a beacon's proximity using linked data.

ملخص:
الصناعة الأشولية هى صناعة "الفأس اليدوية"، وهى أهم صناعات العصر الحجرى القديم الأسفل عامة وأوسعها إنتشارا فى مواقع العالم القديم. يقسم الباحثون هذه الصناعة إلى ثلاث مراحل حضارية وتقنية هى الأشولية السفلى والوسطى والعليا، وقد تمثلت هذه المراحل الثلاث فى مواقع شبه الجزيرة العربية حيث تتمتع هذه المنطقة بغنى نسبى فى مواقع هذا العصر, خاصة فى المنطقة الجنوبية الغربية منها، إلا أن عموم مواقعها تنتمى لمرحلة الأشولية الوسطى، وقد إرتبطت المواقع الأشولية برواسب البحيرات القديمة ومصارف الأودية الجافة ومدرجاتها بالإضافة للمواقع الساحلية. نجد أن غالبية المواقع الأشولية من شبه الجزيرة العربية هى مواقع سطحية ولذلك إعتمد التتابع الزمنى لمواقع العصر الحجرى القديم الأسفل  بشبه الجزيرة على التصنيفات النوعية والتقنية للأدوات نظراً لندرة التتابعات الطبقية بها وعدم وجود تأريخات زمنية موثوقة يمكن الإعتماد عليها بالطرق القائمة على النظائر المشعة.

Abstract:
Acheulian is "the Handaxe Industry". It is the most widespread Industry of the Lower Paleolithic. It is divided culturally and technically  into three stages: Lower, Middle and Upper Acheulian. All of them are presented in Arabia as this region is relatively rich in the sites of this era, especially in the southwestern region. However, Arabian Acheulian is considered Middle Acheulian in general. The Arabian sites are associated with the deposits of ancient lakes, dry wadi banks and terraces as well as coastal plains. The majority of the Arabian Acheulian sites are superficial, therefore the chronological sequence for this area relied on technical and typological classifications of the tools in the absence of reliable dates based on radiometric methods and the lack of stratified sites.

In an age where digital footprints outlast their creators, the question of posthumous digital identity has become impossible to ignore. Social media, once a fleeting chronicle of life, has evolved into a lasting archive—documenting thoughts, milestones, and intimate moments. People share more than ever, leaving behind volumes of digital memories that persist beyond their lifetimes. But what happens when AI steps into this space?
This research explores the delicate intersection of artificial intelligence, grief, and digital legacy. While AI presents groundbreaking possibilities—interactive memorials, voice-preserving algorithms, and ethically designed remembrance tools—it also poses unsettling risks. The rise of deepfakes, unauthorized digital recreations, and the commodification of personal data raises urgent ethical questions.
Through an interdisciplinary lens—spanning technology, psychology, and digital ethics—Zheyn examines how AI can be designed to protect, rather than exploit human memory. The study proposes responsible AI frameworks that emphasize consent, dignity, and emotional sensitivity, ensuring that remembrance remains sacred rather than manipulated.
As society edges closer to a future where technology can simulate those we have lost, the decisions we make today will shape whether grief becomes a commercial product or remains a deeply personal experience. This research urges the AI industry to redefine its role—not as an architect of artificial presence, but as a custodian of authentic memory.

This technology has supported in facilitating users to perform daily tasks such as tools in teaching and learning. However, in teaching and learning activities still practise a traditional method by using books that have caused students feel bored and cannot focus in the activities. Therefore, with the advent of 'BelajarBacaanSolat' using Augmented Reality (AR-BBS) application these students can utilize this to improve students' level of understanding as well as attract them to stay focus in the learning. The objective of this project was to help the primary school students to study an Islamic subject namely Kelas al-Quran dan Fardu Ain (KAFA). In addition, this project can also benefit to KAFA teachers in teaching student more effectively. This research focus on the topic of "BacaanSolat" in prayer. The framework proposed in this research contains three items including entity, platform and content. In conclusion, this project can help student especially KAFA student learn more efficiently. It is believed that this application can help the students to improve their skills and attract to learn KAFA effectively.

This study explores the impact of augmented reality (AR) on tourist destination satisfaction (DS) in Sri Lanka's heritage tourism, focusing on historical sites in Polonnaruwa. The research aims to improve the visitor experience and address inadequate funding for site rebuild, focusing on the mediating role of immersive experience and perceived value. Furthermore, the researcher surveyed 256 visitors to cultural and historical destinations as part of a quantitative research approach using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 and Smart PLS 4. The results show that AR and DS are significantly and positively related, with perceived value and immersive experience as mediators. According to the study, historical landmarks should include AR technology, and tourist staff members should get AR training. Moreover, future studies could investigate the long-term impacts of AR on visitors' attitudes, loyalty, and behaviour, as well as the cultural characteristics that influence how AR perceives heritage tourism.

This research explores the design-to-production computational framework of a Timber Dowel System, emphasizing an integrated computational workflow informed by fabrication and assembly feedback. This workflow incorporates contextual and fabricability parameters, enabling a parametric framework optimized for performance, adaptability, and scalability. The initial design process utilized a modular plug-and-play approach, employing manually controlled surfaces and poly-surfaces to explore flexible geometries and structural configurations. Two full-scale prototypes were developed using AR-guided assembly and robotic milling, addressing production challenges such as dowel placement precision, material limitations, and assembly feasibility. Feedback from these prototypes informed refinements in the computational framework, translating into practical parameters to improve structural integrity and procedural efficiency. A horizontal orientation was prioritized due to its standalone stability, while multiple extensions of the initial basket prototype were analysed to evaluate and study the system performance under varied geometric configurations. By integrating community-driven requirements and contextual considerations, this research lays the groundwork for a multi-criteria framework that supports informed design variation and facilitates collaborative co-production workflows.

The coins minted by the Banu Tarf in ʽAththar are considered among the most significant Islamic coins minted in the Arabian Peninsula. They are also important historical sources that aid archaeological and historical researchers in writing the history of this family, about which information is scarce in historical sources. The dinar of Prince Al-Qasim bin Ali bin Tarf, minted in ʽAththar in the year 310 AH/ 922AD, and preserved in the collection of Mr. Muhammad bin Omar Netto in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is the most important coin of the Banu Tarf minted in ʽAththar. It is unique and has no known counterparts to date. This dinar has contributed to uncovering the beginning of the Banu Tarf's rule over the Mikhlaf ʽAththar. It was studied through descriptive and analytical methods based on available information, leading to many significant findings. These findings are substantial additions to the history of the Banu Tarf family in Mikhlaf ʽAththar, the history of the Jazan region, and the history of the Arabian Peninsula in the Islamic eras

Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have revolutionized several sectors, including military training. From the early experiments in the 1960s, when flight simulators used rudimentary virtual reality bases to train pilots, to today's advanced immersive systems, the technology has continued to evolve. During the Cold War, the use of simulators to train troops in the aviation and missile defense sectors increased significantly, ensuring safe and replicable training without putting human lives or material resources at risk. The U.S. Navy's "TOPGUN" program, established in 1969 and managed by the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School, represents an iconic example of the use of advanced simulation to refine the skills of combat pilots. Over the years, the introduction of more sophisticated viewers (HUD – Head-Up Display) and interactive software has allowed the creation of increasingly realistic and dynamic environments. In recent decades, advances in artificial intelligence and graphics processing have further enhanced simulation capabilities, enabling an unprecedented level of immersion and customization. For example, exercises based on specific geopolitical scenarios, such as tensions in the South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific, have helped prepare military forces for complex and multifaceted strategic dynamics. The historical evolution of these military technologies shows how technological innovation has always been closely linked to the strategic needs of the armed forces. During the World War I, rudimentary military training included the use of scale models and theoretical scenarios to plan operations and study troop movements. In the World War II, with technological advances, mechanical devices were introduced, such as the first shooting simulators and pilot training systems. These tools, although limited by modern standards, represented a significant step forward in training troops, providing a more practical and scientific approach. In the 1950s and 1960s, the introduction of the first computers allowed the development of rudimentary digital simulators, used primarily in aviation and ballistic missile management. However, it was the introduction of computer graphics in the 1970s and 1980s that further revolutionized the sector. Technologies such as those developed in the "SIMNET" project, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and supervised by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), allowed the creation of distributed simulations in which multiple units could operate in a shared virtual environment. This made it possible to simulate complex and dynamic environments with greater precision, significantly improving the tactical and operational preparedness of the armed forces, which successfully tested the new technology during Operation Desert Storm in 1992, during the first Gulf War, as part of the nascent Network-centric Warfare. Since the 2000s, DARPA has continued its research in the metaverse with the "ULTRA-Vis" project (Urban, Leader, Tactical, Response, Awareness-Vision).
Today, VR and AR are essential tools for the armed forces, capable of revolutionizing military preparation in increasingly complex and dynamic operational environments. Their ability to improve effectiveness, safety and preparation makes these technologies essential in a world characterized by rapidly evolving global challenges. Through incredibly realistic simulations (wargames), soldiers can prepare to face critical scenarios without exposing themselves to the risks of training in the field. This article delves into the impact of VR and AR in the military, examining not only the practical benefits but also the technological challenges, social implications, psychological impact and ethical issues related to their use.

يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة اهمية دور أدارة علاقات العاملين في تعزيز الالتزام التنظيمي. وتمثلت مشكلة البحث في تساؤل مهم وهو(هل هنالك علاقة ارتباط وتاثير بين أدارة علاقات العاملين والالتزام التنظيمي) ولتفسير العلاقة بين متغيرات البحث الرئيسية تم صياغة فرضيتين رئيستين للأرتباط والتأثير واشتقت منها فرضيات فرعية .
ولاجل تحقيق اهداف البحث استخدم المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في استقصاء آراء عدد من الموظفبن العاملين في الجامعة المستنصرية ، اذ شملت العينة (75) موظف من مجموع المجتمع الكلي البالغ (133) موظف من العاملين استخدمت طريقة العينة القصدية العمدية جرى استطلاع آراهم بموجب استمارة استبيان محكمة ، ولتحليل البيانات تم استخدام البرنامج الاحصائي SPSS وبرنامج EXCEL  ومن الاساليب الاحصائية المستخدمة هي (معامل الارتباط سبيرمان ومعامل الانحدار الخطي البسيط) .
وتوصل البحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات اهمها هنالك مستوى عال من أدارة علاقات العاملين في تعزيز الالتزام التنظيمي في الجامعة المبحوثة ، ووجود علاقة ارتباط معنوية وذات تأثير طردي بين أدارة علاقات العاملين والالتزام التنظيمي .

There is a great change and development in the adventure of artworks whose first examples are based on cave walls. Every change that takes place in works of art is the result of development. This change also allows for hybridity in artworks. Although hybridity may sound like a negative connotation, it is seen that with the change caused by hybridity, much stronger and more impressive results have emerged in the field of art, and hybridity has been a source of inspiration for many artists. The technical hybridity encountered in the field of art can be attributed to multiple factors. Some of these appear as materials used in the production of works of art, events, facts, ideas, interactions and technological developments that occurred during the period when the art was created. In this research, the importance of hybridity in the field of art and how hybridity is used in artworks made in Art and Crafts and Art Nouveau movements, which are modern art movements, are mentioned. While reflecting the period of the artists on their works, it has been tried to emphasize how they provide hybridization in the work. It has been tried to explain how hybridity emerged in works of art in times when technology was not as effective as it is today, how hybrid works affected future art lovers and how they set an example for other hybrid works.

The main purpose of graphic design, which is a visual communication design, is to convey a message to the receiver
in the most accurate way. The poster is among the most sympathetic elements of graphic design. Poster designs, which
have a lot of functions such as promoting a product, giving results as effective as the designs day by day. With the
innovations added to the display methods of the poster designs hung on the walls, billboards, and exhibition halls for
years, it has had the opportunity to present the value it carries from the past to the present more effectively. Recently,
augmented reality technology appears as a poster display method, which is frequently encountered in artistic activities
as in many other fields. The augmented reality method adds sound and movement to our lives in works that are
prepared in two-dimensional static works such as exhibitions and presentations and makes the works within the scope
of exhibiting more effective and remarkable works. The main purpose of the research is to descriptively investigate
while using the augmented reality technology in the exhibition method, how this method increases the effect in poster
works and which ways and methods are used by the artists. Within the scope of the research, the Artivive augmented
reality application example, AMC movie poster, Into the Storm movie poster, Printworks London poster were
examined, and it was found that poster designs were presented more effectively and remarkably with augmented
reality technology.
Keywords: Poster, Graphic Design, Augmented Reality, Exhibition.

Hybrid works in art have many examples from past to present. Hybridization in poster art has been in question since the first years when  posters  started  to  appear.  Hybridization  in  designs  can  occur  in  terms  of  both  method  and  technique.  In  present  study,  it  is mentioned  how  graphic  design  has  removed  the  boundaries  between  itself  and  many  disciplines  since  the  use  of  technology  in  the field of art and how it allows hybrid studies. As it is known, the main purpose of graphic design is to convey an existing idea to the other  party  in  the  simplest  way. For this reason,  graphic  design, which  updates  itself  over  time,  has  added  motion  and  sound  to  its work area and shows itself with effective designs. While technically designs consist of two-dimensional studies for years, they can also be designed in three-dimensional or even four-dimensional forms with hybrid methods. While poster designs are prepared as flat and  static,  they  update  themselves  with  kinetic  typography  and  motion  images.  Moreover,  with  hybrid  presentations  such  as augmented reality and virtual reality in current works, designs interact more with people. It is seen that the artists who can think from a  hybrid  point  of  view  attract  more  attention  and  interaction  with  the  hybridity  reflected  in  their  designs,  and  they  also  reach  the intended result in a catchy manner.
Keywords: Graphic Design, Hybrid, Poster, Digital Hybridity, Augmented Reality.

Graphic design is a very comprehensive and versatile field of study. The increasing number of products as a result of the
developing technology has dragged people into the search for the market. The appearance of the same or similar products in a wide
variety of ways has made it necessary for designers to introduce different ways of advertisement over time. Trademarks and
companies existing in the current communication conditions want their products to be distinguished from the other products and to
be reflected as different. The quality results of different disciplines such as motion graphic, collage, desktop publishing used in the
creation of today's design are very important. The aim of the present research is to examine the effect of hybrid media in the design
process of press advertisement used in brand and product promotion that developed with the industrial revolution and how press
advertisements have changed with hybridity. Within the scope of the study, hybrid media techniques used by graphic designers
while creating advertisements are discussed and related hybrid media examples are described. As a result, it is found that hybrid
media techniques used in press advertisements, which are among the graphic design elements, make the design works much more
remarkable. Hybrid techniques used in design create a positive connection between the consumer and the advertised product in
press advertisements as in every other field.
Key Words: Graphic design, Hybrid, Press advertisement

Purpose: Technological advances have been central to the development of societies in this century. Various countries have increasingly embraced technological innovations to enhance life experiences in different dimensions. However, consumers' widespread adoption of these technologies is crucial for their ongoing success and further expansion. This research explores the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) of augmented reality technology, considering the moderating role of consumer inertia in the advancement and promotion of sports.
Methodology: This research, designed in an applied-descriptive manner, utilized the non-random sampling method, and the data collected through online questionnaires were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. Although the concept of consumer inertia is not initially incorporated into the framework of the technology acceptance model, evidence suggests that this factor plays a significant role as a key predictor of resistance to adopting new products. This resistance can be more critical than other predictive factors, such as expected performance, required effort, social influences, and facilitating conditions.
Findings: This research has revealed that gaining a deeper understanding of these critical factors and establishing the necessary infrastructure to support them will significantly increase the likelihood of success and the potential benefits of augmented reality technology in sports.
Originality: This research innovatively incorporates consumer inertia into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology framework for augmented reality technology in sports. By highlighting the significance of consumer inertia as a critical predictor of resistance to new products, it addresses potential barriers to adoption. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners to enhance technology acceptance in the sports industry.

Introduction. Despite the widespread use of virtual reality technologies in entertainment and the emergence
of a variety of educational products, these technologies have not yet become part of the Russian educational
space. The use of such technologies is still insufficiently studied both from the psychological, pedagogical,
methodological side, and the product side. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the structure
of expectations of the Russian pedagogical community from educational products developed on the basis of
virtual and augmented reality technologies.
Materials and methods. The article presents the program stages of testing educational software for virtual
and augmented reality by the NTI VR/AR Center of Far Eastern Federal University from October 2020 to
May 2021. The study involved more than 1,000 schools as testers from 51 Russian regions; 23 educational
programs were tested. 445 feedback forms from teachers were analyzed using a Google form. Methods of
mathematical statistics: descriptive (percentages, graphical representation of data).
The results of the study. The following expectations of the pedagogical community from the educational
software in virtual and augmented reality have been identified: compliance with the curriculum and the Federal
Educational Standards; ease in use; achievements of new educational results; high student engagement and
interactivity; transfer of monotonous methodological functions from the teacher to the software; preservation
of meaningful methodological functions for the teacher. According to the respondents, the main advantages
of VR are students’ positive attitude (46%), utility (42%), user-friendliness (33%), pedagogical potential (32%),
and thorough methodology (19%).
Conclusion. The results of the study will be useful both for the developers of the educational content and
for the teachers who start implementing VR/AR technologies in the educational process. It is important to
create methodological materials with the software and to improve technical literacy among schoolteachers.
It is expected that the recommendations received by the development companies during the implementation
of the testing program of the NTI Center will serve as a powerful impetus to the development of the market
of educational services in the field of new technologies.

One's cognitive perception of the environs is in direct relationship with their subjective mental image of the surroundings. Various elements influence the perception and legibility of the environment before human mind. Among these elements are the light and color of the environs. The question is which light or color spectrum is capable of heightening the legibility and spatial perception of the given environment for users. Considering that, the aim of the present study is first to examine the effect of lights and colors on the legibility rate of interior spaces, and then, to identify the reasons users have chosen them. To this end, authors have used augmented reality technology to simulate a variety of environments based on different light and color parameters. A group of 120 students from the Faculty of Art and Architecture of Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, collaborated with the authors to carry out the study. For the purpose of the experiment, the interior of the faculty building was simulated using 3D software and was put through experience and evaluation by using augmented reality technology. Eventually, the students were asked to select those environments they deemed as featuring more perception and legibility than others. The participants' spatial perception was tested by assigning the type of the environment as the dependent variable. Color, light, and gender were examined as the independent variables. Chi-square test was used to determine the difference between the frequencies of the environments selected by the participants. Results showed that neutral color was more attractive than the other two color spaces. There was no significant difference between three color spaces in terms of guidance and invitation. Generally, the participants preferred neutral color over the other two colors. In other words, neutral color was better perceived than the other two because of its greater attractiveness.

Introduction: Nowadays, new technologies as an integral part of the educational set-up have created unique opportunities for teachers to apply various educational methods to better learn their students.the purpose of this study is the effect of the flipping classroom on the nature of science and on the academic achievemen. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group and its Statistical community is all 10th grade female students of Tabriz city in the academic year of 1396-97. The sample size consisted of 43 students of 10th grade selected by multistage cluster sampling method in which 23 of them were in the examination group and 20 of them were in the controlled group.data gathering tools in this researchincluded a questionnaire on the nature of science and an academic achievement test made by the teacher in biology course..In the end, the test of the nature of science and the test of academic achievementin the course of biology was tak...

The intellectual movement in Baghdad began to grow and develop rapidly since its inception in 145 AH/762 AD due to the attention of the Abbasid caliphs and their interest in the intellectual movement and its leaders. Councils of knowledge and thought spread there, scholars began to move there from all parts of the Islamic world, and students of knowledge began to flock to it from all Islamic regions. To draw inspiration from the thoughts of its scholars and sheiks. Damascus was among the Islamic cities that provided the city of Baghdad with scholars and sheiks who contributed to developing the reality of the intellectual movement there. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, through his book The History of Baghdad, made a great effort to provide information about the scholars of Damascus and specify their scientific contributions in proportion to their importance. These figures were an essential source and aid in determining the level to which Damascus scholars contributed to pushing the intellectual movement in Baghdad.

Purpose:Learning the neuroanatomical structures is di cult in traditional medical education. Knowledge and visual materials in neuroanatomy books or atlases are static and limited with two dimensions. The limitation of cadaver and plastic models has been solved by the development of three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models using digital visualization technologies. Medical students are better able to understand the spatial topography of a large number of neuroanatomical structures that are condensed into a small region when they make use of 3D visualization technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). Our study will open a new window to classical neuroanatomy education. We aimed to evaluate how much 3D neuroanatomical models based on VR application affect the success and motivation of medical school students in neuroanatomy courses. Methods:Four exams were given to the second-year medical faculty students before the classical theoretical course (1), after the theoretical course (2), after the VR training and application (3), and six months later to evaluate the long-term effects of the training (4). Results:Success averages were evaluated out of 10; It was found 3.38 in the students who participated in the evaluation after the traditional theoretical training, and 4.55 in the group who received VR training. In the long-term evaluation after six months, this average was found to be higher in the group that received VR training. Conclusion:Our study lls an important gap in the literature in terms of demonstrating the positive effects of VR-based neuroanatomy training on memory in the long term.

There have been many studies about personality role in students’ studies in recent years. However, these studies do not provide a comprehensive model. In addition, statistical researchers have just attended the relationship between each individual’s personality and his academic performance without considering the impact of people around him on his educationalachievements. In this research, a social simulation has been propounded which shows the impact of an individual’s personality and other people around him in his academic performance using multi-agent systems. Each individual in the simulation has five personality factors which came from the theory of “big five personality”. The simulation is prepared as a tool with a user interface to set parameters and see the result of each simulation. The parameters have been considered by experts to be replaced during the test phase. Data used for simulation was taken with the help of the “big five personality” questionnaire distributed amon...

Augmented Reality (AR) environments are physical environments with virtual objects superimposed through AR-enabled devices. These virtual objects can range from simple aesthetic objects like pictures to superimposed contextual information about physical items. In most modern AR applications, the augmented spaces exist only for the user who created the environment or for proprietary applications that enable multiuser collaboration in the same environment. However, there is a lack of solutions that enable interoperable collaboration in these personal AR spaces, allowing users to share and contribute to an AR space. We propose a solution that enables users to create their personal AR space that can then be discovered by other users who are in physical proximity to this space, enabling them to view or contribute to the augmented space. In addition, we discuss a solution that utilises the same technique to create AR spaces that are bound to a specific room and can be discovered by users who are in close vicinity to these rooms.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of instructional design principles applied to learning and retention in multimedia learning environments. This is an experimental study with pre-test and post test design. Statistical population consisted of all students majoring at Educational Sciences at Boukan Payame Noor University (N=540). The sample included 180 students (110 male and 70 femal), assigned by simple random sampling to experimental (n=90, 55m, 35f) and control (n=90, 35m, 35f) groups. Instruments: learning and retention were measured by pre test and post test on Statistics. The formal validity of measures was confirmed by academics with relevant expertise in measurement and statistics. Compliance to instructional design principles was measured by software based on Van Merrienboer and Kester's (2005) 14 instructional design principles was measured. Data were collected by a questionnaire developed by the researcher. Results showed that the application...

This paper explores the use of augmented reality (AR) to improve memory recall and learning experiences in human anatomy and physiology. In particular, the opportunity to assess new computer technologies to improve learning environments may allow for an improvement in self-efficacy and a reduction in test anxiety. Twenty-two undergraduates participated in one of two study groups, the Microsoft HoloLens group (HLNS) or the traditional projector-based Microsoft Power Point group (PPT). Each group completed a five-minute, three-subject anatomy identification and brain physiology memory test. After a three-minute time delay, participants completed a fill-in-the-blank anatomy identification test and brain physiology question test, followed by questionnaires for systems self-efficacy and test anxiety. Results indicated the PPT group significantly outperformed the HLNS group in the brain lobe identification portion of the exam and had reported higher mean test anxiety scores (though not high enough to be considered unhealthy levels). However, the HLNS group showed a significantly higher preference to the learning experience compared to the PPT group based on the systems self-efficacy questionnaire. This pilot study demonstrates an opportunity for the HLNS to use used in learning environments to improve the psychological aspects of studying and test taking.

Gears are power transmission devices in between input and output of machines, these power transmitting elements are very compact, and they transfer power with minimum loss. Due to the nature of their different speed ratios they are used for different applications like high speed marine engines, automobiles etc. Different materials are used for preparation or fabrication of gears like metals (steel or brass), plastics (nylon or polycarbonate). In this project spur gear is designed by CAD software and fabricated by using 3D printer, for 3D printing materials require like plastics or ceramics but for this project plastic material is used that is polylactic acid (PLA). By using 3D printer spur gear is produced within a small period with better dimensional accuracy than conventional method like milling etc.

Background and Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of threedimensional computer-based simulation learning and thinking space-retention concepts in geometry lessons in third grade students in Tehran. Given the role of objection of educational abstract concepts on learning, the need for research in this field is important. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with experiment and control group. The study population was in third grade students in 2015-2016 school year. The sampling method was available sampling and 36 students were selected. To collect information and data, the pretest and posttest learning and retention was used. The data obtained were analyzed using Spss software and analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the use of three-dimensional simulation in learning and retention of third grade students (F = 23/105) are significantly more efficient than conventional methods. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the use of software simulation geometry is proposed with reading the book. Accordingly, it is recommended that students with software simulated three-dimensional in the sense of touch to create deep and meaningful learning.

EDCBMJ 2017; 9(6): 431-438 Background and Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of three-dimensional computer-based simulation learning and thinking space-retention concepts in geometry lessons in third grade students in Tehran. Given the role of objection of educational abstract concepts on learning, the need for research in this field is important.

Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with experiment and control group. The study population was in third grade students in 2015-2016 school year. The sampling method was available sampling and 36 students were selected. To collect information and data, the pretest and posttest learning and retention was used. The data obtained were analyzed using Spss software and analysis of covariance.

Along with the advancement of robot technology, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine robot automation is becoming more popular. While some Computer Numerical Control engine process independently with a part catcher, a perpendicular granting center requires an extraneous individual to keep the engine processing. Collective and Mechanical robots be the main options for robotize perpendicular Computer Numerical Control grating machines. This study aims to specifically investigate and find the most effective type of robot to be used as a machine capable of maintaining the Haas VF-2 perpendicular crushing center. The method used in this study is the Overal Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) model approach with five different actions, starting with scope, unit setting, evaluation, fee calculation, and integration of the evaluation to present the value of each cell. The purpose of the model used in this study is to determine which robot is more effective for use in industry. As the result, ...

This paper discusses two key issues related to targets in Augmented Reality (AR): 1. TARGET TYPE AND QUALITY: The type and quality of AR targets are important factors for ensuring that they are recognizable in the real space to provide a quality visual response. 2.TARGET SCALING: The scale of targets must be appropriate for the purpose of AR. The paper provides concrete examples from the author's work on demonstrating architectural projects with AR.

The rapid growth and widespread adoption of augmented reality (AR) opened new possibilities for seamless integration into various aspects of human life. In this context, educators increasingly explored the potential of AR to enhance learning experiences. This research focused on leveraging AR technology to address a specific problem encountered by preschoolers in their language learning journey. The problem at hand was that preschoolers often encountered difficulties in blending consonant-vowel and consonant-vowel (CV+CV) sounds to form words in the Malay language. While they could easily sound out individual consonants and vowels, they struggled with combining these sounds to create new words, hindering their reading and language development. To tackle this challenge, the proposed solution involved the development of an AR prototype aimed at making learning Malay language syllables engaging and enjoyable for preschoolers. The research’s output allowed children to practice forming s...

Pateikiami eksperimentai, kurie tiria vidutinės vienos tiesios linijos (testinė linija) orientacijos suvokimą, esant artimoms linijoms su šiek tiek kitokia orientacija (indukcinė linija). Rasta, jog suvokta testinės linijos segmento orientacija yra paveikiama link indukcinės linijos orientacijos tuomet, kai atstumas, tarp abiejų linijų yra mažesnis nei 0.1 laipsnio. Kai šis atstumas yra tarp 0.1 ir 0.8 laipsnio, testinės linijos segmentas yra paveikiamas nuo indukcinės linijos orientacijos, o kai atstumas – daugiau nei 0.8 laipsnio, testinės linijos segmento orientacija lieka nepakitusi.

This paper shows a Sign Language Teaching Model (SLTM) called: Multi-language Cycle for Sign Language Understanding (MuCy). It serves as complementary pedagogical resource for Sign Language (SL) teaching. A pilot lesson with the Rainbow Colors was conducted at the Association of Parents of Deaf Children of Salamanca in order to determine the Percentage of Development of the Sign Language Communication Skill (SLCS) and others within a Collaborative Learning Environment with Mixed-Reality (CLEMR).

Learning about wild animals traditionally relies on static books and posters, lacking interactivity and engagement. This paper presents the development of BESALIR-an augmented reality (AR) mobile application using Vuforia to teach elementary students about wild animals. The app name BESALIR is an abbreviation of the Indonesian phrase "Belajar Satwa Liar" meaning Learning Wild Animals. The Multimedia Development Life Cycle methodology guided the design and implementation. Virtual 3D models of animals overlaid on image target markers provided enhanced visualization. Animation and sounds immersed students in the experience. Information pop-ups provided details on each animal species when markers were detected. Quizzes reinforced knowledge retention. Black Box Testing validated requirements during iterative prototyping. Initial user studies indicated increased engagement versus conventional materials. The results demonstrate the potential of AR technology to transform static content into interactive and stimulating educational experiences. BESALIR serves as a practical use case and template for developing engaging AR learning applications.

It is no longer obvious that the share of knowledge work in production environments is increasing. However, this is not the only reason why more attention needs to be paid to the human factor in production. It is therefore increasingly important to provide workers in a production environment with the best possible support for their knowledge tasks by using modern information and communication technologies. In particular, the technical innovations in terms of augmented and mixed reality offer a great potential to be implemented in relevant applications in connection with the ongoing digitization or digital transformation of production. Against this background, this paper shows how current knowledge-based work processes in production environments can be best supported by augmented and mixed reality technologies. For this purpose, the paper reviews the state of the art of augmented and mixed reality technologies and then outlines in two concrete industrial use cases from the manufacturing domain how human work can be digitally augmented to facilitate knowledge-intensive production tasks.

Background: The outcomes of the implementation of augmented reality (AR) in anatomical education have not been reviewed so far. We performed a narrative review of the literature concerning these outcomes. Methods: We searched in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, ERIC, CINAHL plus and Web of Science for papers with the aim to explore the outcomes of the implementation of AR in anatomical education. From each paper, we extracted the following data: authors, year of publication, type of study (comparative or not), number of participants, level of outcome according to Kirkpatrick hierarchy, acceptability of AR, impact on examinations performance, ability to facilitate understanding of spatial organization of structures and to motivate students to learn anatomy. Results: Seven papers were eligible for analysis. There were five comparative and two non-comparative studies. Three studies evaluated only students' perceptions about AR, while four papers assessed their examinations performance after the application of AR. Generally, AR was proved a highly acceptable and enjoyable anatomy teaching tool. It had remarkable efficacy in terms of helping students understand three-dimensional organization of structures and achieve satisfactory examinations results. Conclusions: Although the research concerning the implementation of AR in anatomical education is relatively limited, there are promising results regarding the teaching potential of AR. These results could encourage anatomy educators to include this tool in their teaching methods. Randomized controlled studies are needed to prove if AR could effectively replace or supplement other anatomy pedagogy methods.

У статті розглядаються особливості використання логоритміки для корекції мовленнєвих порушень у дітей дошкільного віку, оскільки дошкільний вік – важливий період у cтановленні оcобиcтоcті дитини. Без формування артикуляційного та граматично правильного мовлення повноцінний оcобиcтіcний розвиток дитини та її адаптація в навколишньому cвіті неможливі. Cвоєчаcне оволодіння дітьми дошкільного віку темпом, ритмом, інтонацією, літературно-нормативною вимовою, тембром та іншими проcодемами мовлення є необхідною передумовою й умовою вирішення завдань вcебічного пcихічного розвитку дошкільників, заcвоєння ними рідномовних і загальнолюдcьких цінноcтей у cензитивному періоді. Окрему категорію cтановлять хвороби, які cупроводжуютьcя порушенням мовлення, що тягне за cобою і відcтавання в розвитку. Визначено, що процеc cоціалізації дітей з оcобливими потребами є дуже актуальним у теоретичному і практичному аспектах та потребує розв'язання багатьох завдань для ефективної адаптації оcіб з оcобл...

Immersive technologies, namely virtual and augmented reality, are witnessing a growth in popularity, especially in creative fields, like videogames and film businesses. These technologies can also be effectively applied in other industrial sectors and their use can foster value creation and enhance efficiency and effectiveness, in a managerial perspective. The applications of augmented reality are analysed within the industrial field of logistics, according to three directives: training, operations and transport. A qualitative analysis is carried on to identify potential uses in this (and related) fields and a managerial perspective are proposed, identifying specific KPIs and heuristics for the three aforementioned areas. Results from the literature, field analysis and classification through KPIs point to effective utilisations of AR in logistics, both for training new (and often temporary) resources and in specific and core operations, like picking in warehouses and transport of goods.

One of the most prominent technologies in the Industry 4.0's arsenal, when it comes to manufacturing and logistics operations, is Augmented Reality (AR). AR takes the capabilities of computer-generated display, sound, text and effects to enhance the user's real-world experience and support workers in their everyday tasks such as assembly, order picking and maintenance. This paper, after a short review of AR in manufacturing and logistics, showcases the introduction of a real-life AR-Smart Glasses application in support of one of the most repetitive, prone to error, and expensive warehouse logistics processes, i.e. order picking. The implementation of the AR system takes place in actual production settings and is integrated in the picking process of a distribution centre operated by a large Telecommunications Service Provider. This paper describes the functionalities of the developed AR system and highlights functional details and lessons learnt from its pilot implementation.

Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design by using a control group. The population consisted of all male students in the academic year 2014-2015 in University of Medical Sciences and by using the sampling method, 32 students were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Test groups were trained in five session, 60-minute using innovative method and traditional method was used for the control group. Abedi creativity test was used to collect data and learn self-made test. Statistical test was used to data analysis, in descriptive and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) and software spss version 20.

Мета. З’ясувати стан розвитку інваріантних сукцесивно-симультанних (послідовно-цілісних) стратегій сприйняття й обробки нформації у дітей з аутизмом для подальшого забезпечення найбільш точного вибору способу їхньої підготовки до оволодіння письмом. Методи та процедура. Досліджння виконано за допомогою комплексу загальнонаукових, нейропсихологічних, нейропсихолінгвістичних методів та методу статистичного розрахунку за критеріями Стьюдента для оцінки достовірності відмінностей між відсотками в малих вибірках. Вибірку склали діти з діагнозом аутизм без порушень слухового та зорового аналізаторів, з первинно збереженим інтелектом, з максимально можливим розвитком усного мовлення і які мали значні труднощі в процесі підготовки до оволодіння навичкою письма. Результати. На засадах вчення про багатофункціональність кори головного мозку і сукцесивно-симультанний характер забезпечення різних видів діяльності розроблено діагностичну методику, система завдань якої спрямовувалася на дослідженн...

This paper examines the potentials of augmented reality (AR) technology in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics. Specifically, we provide an overview of the technology's various value propositions and its ability to support companies' business processes. Although the emergence of Industry 4.0 has renewed the interest in AR, and how it can address several issues challenging existing business models, rigorous studies investigating the potentials of AR for SCM and logistics activities are scant. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic literature review to compile existing literature, identify current research gaps, and systematize AR research in SCM and logistics activities. In total, forty-three (43) papers were thoroughly analyzed. The findings of this study reveal that AR can add value in five main areas, namely warehousing, manufacturing, sales and outdoor logistics, planning and design and human resource management. Moreover, we discuss organizations' challenges when deploying AR in SCM and logistics and propose exploratory research opportunities for further investigation. In this paper, we highlight numerous practical implications of AR in SCM and recommend that organizations consider AR as a potential solution for enhancing business processes, improving operational efficiencies, and increasing overall competitiveness. This study represents one of the first attempts to synthesize AR's literature from an SCM and logistics perspective.

Order picking is one of the most important process steps in logistics. Because of their flexibility, human beings cannot be replaced by machines. But if workers, in order, picking systems are equipped with a head-mounted display, Augmented Reality can improve the information visualization. In this paper, the development of such a system-called Pick-by-Vision-is presented. The system is evaluated in a user study performed in a real storage environment. Important logistics figures as well as the subjective strain were measured. The results show that a Pick-by-Vision system can considerably improve industrial order picking processes.

Order picking is one of the most important process steps in logistics. Because of their flexibility, human beings cannot be replaced by machines. But if workers, in order, picking systems are equipped with a head‐mounted display, Augmented Reality can improve the information visualization. In this paper, the development of such a system—called Pick‐by‐Vision—is presented. The system is evaluated in a user study performed in a real storage environment. Important logistics figures as well as the subjective strain were measured. The results show that a Pick‐by‐Vision system can considerably improve industrial order picking processes.

The fourth industrial revolution is affecting the workforce at strategical, tactical, and operational levels and it is leading to the development of new careers with precise and specific skills and competence. The implementation of enabling technologies in the industrial context involves new types of interactions between operators and machines, interactions that transform the industrial workforce and have significant implications for the nature of the work. The incoming generation of Smart Operators 4.0 is characterised by intelligent and qualified operators who perform the work with the support of machines, interact with collaborative robots and advanced systems, use technologies such as wearable devices and augmented and virtual reality. The correct interaction between the workforce and the various enabling technologies of the 4.0 paradigm represents a crucial aspect of the success of the smart factory. However, this interaction is affected by the variability of human behaviour and its reliability, which can strongly influence the quality, safety, and productivity standards. For this reason, this paper aims to provide a clear and complete analysis of the different types of smart operators and the impact of 4.0 enabling technologies on the performance of operators, evaluating the stakeholders involved, the type of interaction, the changes required for operators in terms of added and removed work, and the new performance achieved by workers.