Architecture and Design

SARI Sampah merupakan benda-benda hasil dari kegiatan manusia yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Kehadiran sampah merupakan salah satu persoalan yang selalu dihadapi oleh masyarakat dan instansi pengelola kebersihan, karena itu diperlukan sistem pengelolaan persampahan yang baik. Permasalahan sampah yang yang terdapat di Kabupaten Bandung Barat adalah tidak semua wilayah kecamatan dilayani oleh pemerintah Kabupaten dari 15 kecamata. Dari 15 kecamatan yang ada baru 5 kecamatan yang dilayani oleh UPTD Kebersihan. Penelitian ini pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk menemukan wilayah perkotaan kecamatan yang perlu dilayanai oleh sistem pelayanan persampahan di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Ruang lingkup penelitian meliputi tinjauan sistem pengelolaan persampahan eksisiting, tinjauan internal Kabupaten Bandung Barat meliputi kebijakan dan Rencana Tata Ruang terkait Fisik dan Guna Lahan, Ekonomi, Soial dan Kependudukan, kemudian sarana dan prasarana. Sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Dist...

Lauretta Vinciarelli (1943–2011) is perhaps best known for her evocative watercolor paintings and her decade-long creative partnership with Donald Judd. This essay by Jolanda Devalle instead foregrounds Vinciarelli’s contributions as an architect, theorist, and educator, through a close reading of the ‘Puglia Project’ (1975–77), a proposal developed with fellow IAUS architect Leonardo Foderà. Drawing on Vinciarelli’s own reflections, a recent interview with Foderà by the author, and original drawings courtesy of Judd Foundation, the essay offers a revealing cross-section of her architectural thinking—her engagement with typology, her concept of “spatial fabric,” and her analytical approach to design—all of which invite renewed critical attention today.

This research investigates the economic impact of green building certification on residential projects in Pune, India. As urbanization intensifies in Pune, there is a growing demand for sustainable housing, driven by both market forces and regulatory pressures. Green building certification systems, such as IGBC (Indian Green Building Council) and GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment), aim to promote sustainable construction practices through rigorous environmental standards. This study examines the initial construction costs, long-term operational savings, and overall financial viability of green-certified residential projects compared to conventional buildings. The findings indicate that while green-certified projects incur higher initial costs due to sustainable materials and technologies, these investments lead to substantial longterm savings. Enhanced energy efficiency, water conservation, and improved indoor environmental quality contribute to reduced operational costs. Furthermore, green-certified properties experience higher market demand, potentially leading to increased property values and faster sales. The research highlights the economic benefits of green buildings, including lower utility bills, enhanced marketability, and improved occupant satisfaction. Despite the clear advantages, several barriers impede the widespread adoption of green building practices in Pune. High upfront costs, lack of awareness, and technical expertise, along with regulatory and market challenges, are significant obstacles. Addressing these barriers through policy interventions, financial incentives, and educational initiatives is crucial to promote sustainable urban development. This study underscores the importance of green building certification in enhancing the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of residential projects in Pune. It provides valuable insights for developers, policymakers, and stakeholders, advocating for a balanced approach that considers both the initial costs and long-term benefits of green building practices. By fostering sustainable construction, Pune can achieve its urban development goals while mitigating environmental impact and enhancing the quality of life for its residents.

This study focuses on assessing the water demand and supply scenario in the command area of the Upper Pravara Dam located in Maharashtra, utilizing the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. The catchment area was chosen to evaluate domestic water needs and availability. The assessment provides insights into both current and projected domestic water requirements, using the WEAP system as a planning framework. To conduct this evaluation, various datasets were used, including population figures from Census 2011 and UIDAI, dam-related information, per capita water usage, canal distribution, irrigated and culturable command areas, and other relevant records obtained from the Upper Pravara Canal Division. These inputs were critical in estimating future water demand and shaping effective planning strategies. The analysis was carried out for two towns within the region Sangamner and Akole. According to model projections, domestic water demand in the year 2020 was around 2.97 million cubic meters (Mm³) for Sangamner and 0.58 Mm³ for Akole. By the year 2050, these figures are expected to rise to 6.03 Mm³ and 1.17 Mm³, respectively. The findings confirm that the WEAP model serves as a practical tool for long-term water resource planning in the Upper Pravara basin, helping to forecast and manage water requirements over the next three decades.

The waste of energy consumption of our world's is considered most important problems of our life, and seek knowledge in all fields to reduce this consumption and negative effects. In architectural design, they search how to reduce thermal loads in interior spaces of buildings rather than using of mechanical systems that can achieve the appropriate thermal environment in spaces of these buildings without cause high energy consumption. In Egypt is considered to be in hot climates, which requires alternative ways to reduce energy consumption to achieve the thermal environment inside the buildings. The residential sector in Egypt is the highest among various buildings sectors of energy consumption, which makes studying and applying of various environmental treatments by using either of passive cooling or using smart systems or any other solutions by the designer can see to reduce thermal loads into the buildings like new urban communities design. The research suggests the application of some smart systems in facades of residential buildings, thus contributing to the rationalization of energy consumption and control of internal thermal environment into spaces. The research uses one of simulation programs in the residential model currently built in Egypt like (Design Builder) which is building the residential model three-dimensional and select one of the internal spaces to be addressed, testing and studying of thermal building behavior by proposing different alternatives for appropriate treatments and make a comparison between them and choose the best alternative to reach the goal of research by using these systems in reducing annual cooling loads and providing thermal comfort. Finally the research is setting after experimental methodology to put conclusions and recommendations .

Абдуллаев Э. «Творческие экспериментальные методы, использования цветомузыкального контента» / Горизонты художественного образования и искусства XXI века. (Архитектура, дизайн, изобразительное и декоративное искусство, искусство реставрации). Коллективная монография по материалам международной научной конференции.- М.: РГХПУ им. С.Г.Строганова, 2025. с.481-492, 525 С.

Ever growing population of Mumbai has put additional pressure on existing infrastructure in terms of huge demand for portable water as well as treatment of city's waste water. Study aimed at review of city's wastewater in order to understand the reality of treatment quality of wastewater, it's reusability in terms of offsetting growing water demands of domestic, industrial and agricultural fields in and around the city. Literature review and case study method was used in order to get primary as well as secondary data for achieving data regarding overall functioning and water balance of the city. Because of lot of irregularities, current wastewater management systems are asking for paradigm shift from current centralized wastewater treatment systems to decentralized wastewater treatment systems. Conventional treatment systems treat wastewater as a 'waste' yet there is some reuse potential. Concept of collecting water and wastewater separately for better treatment, increased reuse potential, savings upon energy and better nutrient recovery can be used in order to move towards more ecologically and economically sound waste water management systems. To demonstrate this idea documentary and discourse analysis is used. The paper starts by providing general overview about water scarcity and security in India and then proceeds to provide comparative analysis between centralized and decentralized treatment systems used in the city in order to identify it's water reuse potential. Second, legislative and policy framework used in the city for wastewater treatment and management which is then followed by outline of the current situation and reflections on system dynamics in City. Third, the paper ends with a discussion on practical implications, policy options and conclusion. The presented study gives conceptual model based on Net Zero concept which can be helpful in making of sustainable future cities.

This study focuses on examination of variability in the depth to water below ground level (bgl) from 1996 to 2016 in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India in changing climate. Spatial variability of groundwater depth was mapped and classified as shallow, normal, deep and moderate using GIS modeling. Groundwater decline rates during successive decades were examined and critical areas with a significant fall in groundwater levels (GWL) were detected. Present study also focuses on examination of block-wise variability of GWL. Ground water level shows significant variability during 1996-2016 at confidence level 95%. The long term ground water level fluctuation indicates that water levels in major parts of the study area have declined drastically. The depth to ground water in major parts of the study area ranges between 6 and 15 m bgl except in Parner and Shrirampur blocks. Furthermore, depth to water level is >15 mbgl over Sangamner block during the drought year 2004. Present study reports a significant decadal increase of about 0.7 m in water leval decline over the study area. Groundwater depletion over the study area has been observed with decrease in groundwater recharge and increase in temperature and urbanization. Groundwater depletion shows coherent variability with temperature. Our results report a significant decrease of about 0.61 cm/year in ground water recharge as a result of decrease in precipitation and a decadal increase of about 0.1 • C in temperature over the study area. Evapotranspiration (ET) shows yearly increasing trend of about 9.6 mm over the study area. Results reported in this study highlight the importance of sustainable groundwater resource management over the study area.

دور المعمارى كمصمم للمبانى هو إيجاد الحلول التى تحقق التوازن بين أداء المبنى لوظيفته مع الأخذ فى الإعتبار تحسين أداء إستهلاك الطاقة وخفض إنبعاثات ثانى أكسيد الكربون فى المبانى وكان الهدف الرئيسى من الورقة البحثية هو تحسين أداء الطاقة للغرف الفندقية فى مدينة أسوان والتحقق من تخفيض إنبعاثات غاز ثانى أكسيد الكربون بإختيار مواد العزل الحرارى  المناسبة  للغلاف الخارجى وإختيار نوع الزجاج المخفض للإنبعاث low-e المستخدم فى الفتحات فى مدينة أسوان وكان ذلك عن طريق إستخدام المحاكاه ببرنامج ال Design Builder 5.5 energy+  وأشارة النتائج إلى أن إستخدام عزل سمك 6 سم فى الحوائط  والأسقف وإستخدام الزجاج  الثلاثى المخفض للإنبعاث 3مم ذو معامل إنتقالية حرارية u vale  (0.982) يعمل على تخفيض نسب إنبعاثات غاز ثانى أكسيد الكربون ويعمل على تحسين كفاءة إستخدام الطاقة فى الغرف الفندقية فى مدينة أسوان  بنسب أكثر من 30% عن حالة الأساس .

Natural water bodies like river, canal and lakes play an important role in the establishment of a balance between nature and social life for the sustainable development of cities. The identities and distinctive characteristics of many cities are closely tied to their rivers, and the many ways their residents interact with their waters. The rivers surrounding the cities are an advantage to it and essential for the survival of the city as these provide drainage system, drinking water, different kinds of fishes and also waterways for travelling.
The Ichamoti River is a transboundary river which flows through India and Bangladesh and also forms the boundary between the two countries. In Pabna district of Bangladesh has lost her potential for extensive use over the last couple of decades due to various interventions like cross-dam at off-take and closing of the river at downstream for irrigation, heavy siltation and encroachments, urban waste disposal, agricultural pollutants, and many other factors. Restoration of the river is vital for the reestablishment of all functions like hydrological, ecological, biological, hydro morphological, hydraulic, economic and social etc. The direct involvement of the community and Architects through designing can play a great role in protecting rivers and creating relational reciprocity
between the cities and rivers.
Landscape plays a vital role in the design process. The methodology for landscaping in the Pabna town near the Ichamoti River involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and geological conditions. Context responsive landscape design; site planning; storm water management; environmental restoration; parks and recreation
planning; visual resource management and green infrastructure planning and provision have been addressed in the design process. Since the Ichamoti River is running through a natural setting, full attention and focus of design work are given to Nature-Based Solution (NBS). Architectural interventions in the Restoration of Ichamoti River project are considered in the urban and rural scenario, focusing on public outdoor spaces and social interaction spaces, including Landscape design with the consideration of
the river bank and ecology.

MAT 201-734-SL Mathématiques appliquées à l'architecture 2 Ismaël Bussière Hiver 2025 Date de remise : 27 février Total : 25 points Consignes à respecter  Pour effectuer ce devoir, vous devez répondre aux questions avec le tableur Excel et remettre votre fichier sur Léa avant le début du cours.  Vous devez débuter votre feuille de calculs en indiquant vos noms.  Affichage des résultats : vous devez arrondir tous vos résultats au centième. Un client a comme projet d'amorcer les travaux de construction d'un chalet sur le bord d'un lac. Les mesures d'arpentage sont prises à des intervalles de 5 m. Les coordonnées des points sont en pieds. La phase 1 consiste à :  arpenter le terrain;  excaver un trou de 28 ' par 32' par 6 ' de profondeur;  couler en béton les fondations du chalet d'une hauteur de 8 ' et d'une épaisseur de 9 ' ' et le plancher du sous-sol d'une épaisseur de 6 ' ' ; et  gazonner le terrain. (Le remplissage de terre du contour des fondations est inclus.) Voici les prix des éléments à effectuer.

This article presents the development of a parametric and algorithmic design course at a School of Architecture and Design with a strong tradition rooted in the 'Designer Author' paradigm inherited from the Beaux Arts. It analyzes current and contextual themes of the course while conducting an overview of its evolution since its inception. The article also addresses the paradigm shift implications of parametric and algorithmic design within the contexts of architectural and industrial design. Teaching methodologies are examined, and student work results are analyzed. Lastly, the discussion encompasses aspects related to algorithmic model development and the debate on the importance of process versus product. Among other topics, there is debate surrounding authorship and algorithm development derived from tutorials.

The “Earthrise” photograph, taken on the 1968 Apollo 8 mission, became one of the most significant images of the 20th Century. It triggered a profound shift in environmental awareness and the potential for human unity—inspiring the first Earth Day in 1970. Taking inspiration from these events 50 years later, we initiated Project Earthrise at our 2020 annual conference of inVIVO Planetary Health. This builds on the emergent concept of planetary health, which provides a shared narrative to integrate rich and diverse approaches from all aspects of society towards shared solutions to global challenges. The acute catastrophe of the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn greater attention to many other interconnected global health, environmental, social, spiritual, and economic problems that have been underappreciated or neglected for decades. This is accelerating opportunities for greater collaborative action, as many groups now focus on the necessity of a “Great Transition”. While ambitious integr...

The paper deals with the modernization and adaptation to the new features of existing objects in the urban fabric. In the twenty-first century the digital design tools, which are interfaced with the production of computer technology, have opened the new opportunities that not only are shaping the architectural objects, but also interferencing in the buildings’ structures. The selected objects are examined, which have been implemented in the European cities centers, and the new design approaches, which are taken to induce the new strong interactive effects, are indicated. The analyzed objects are: the Extention of German Historical Museum (1997–2004) in Berlin, the Weltstadthaus (2003–2005) in Cologne, the King Cross Station (2005–2012) in London, the Palazzo Unione Militare (2010–2013) in Rome, the headquarters of the Pathé Foundation (2006–2014) in Paris. Each of the enumerated examples shows a diverse approach to designing, and what combines them is the use of the digital tools es...

The paper is focusing on constructing nonlinear shaping of structural envelope in architecture of the digital avant-garde. Digital technologies create new opportunities by allowing construction of complex forms which until recently were difficult to design and build. The first part of the paper presents a concrete structure combined with a system of spatial structure used in constructing complex geometries envelope of The Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre in Baku (2013). The second part presents how to build c u r v i l i n e a r s u r f a c e s w i t h s h o t c r e t e t e c h n o l o g y – The EMP in Seattle (2000), The City of Culture in Santiago de Compostela (2010) and The Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw (2014) will be presented. This study highlights issues of constructing curvilinear building envelops and shows new relationships between geometry and material which are different than before.

ваним та дозволяє враховувати дійсний стан досліджуваної машини, а режими випробувань не порушують фізику процесів старіння і зношування конструктивних вузлів та матеріалів. Бібл. 6, рис. 5. Ключові слова: електрична машина, надійність, температура, вібраційні фактори. Разработана структура диагностического комплекса для испытаний электрических машин на надежность, обеспечивающего необходимые режимы роботы при варьировании температурных и вибрационных факторов. Предложенный комплекс является унифицированным и позволяет учитывать действительное состояние исследуемой машины, а режимы испытаний не нарушают физики процессов старения и износа конструктивных узлов и материалов. Библ. 6, рис. 5.

В процесі багаторічної експлуатації матеріал трубопроводу істотно змінює свої фізико-механічні властивості. Розроблено методику моделювання роботи матеріалу трубопроводу у експлуатаційних середовищах. Створено програмне забезпечення, яке дозволяє, крім стандартних можливостей запису вимірюваних величин у файл та одночасної побудови графічних залежностей в режимі реального часу, регулювати частоту вимірів в залежності від швидкості зміни вимірюваного параметра.Created method of modeling material pipeline in operational environments and software, which allows, in addition to standard features recording measured values in a file of graphic and simultaneous dependencies in real time, adjust the frequency of measurements depending on the rate of change of the measured parameter

كريم وايت شيل هو مستحضر تجميلي مستوحى من الفوائد الطبيعية لمكونات أعماق البحار، التي تهدف إلى تعزيز نضارة البشرة وتحسين ملمسها. يقدم هذا البحث دراسة شاملة حول تأثيرات الكريم على صحة الجلد، مستعرضًا تركيبته الفريدة الممزوجة بعناصر مثل خلاصة اللؤلؤ البحري والمعادن البحرية. تتناول الورقة خصائص الكريم، فعاليته، ومدى توافقه مع أنواع البشرة المختلفة، مع تسليط الضوء على نتائجه المثبتة سريريًا.

Beauty as a physical matter has always been discussed and debated in various designs, and most interior and exterior designers seek to create a unique space from a different environment. This study was conducted to extract and categorize the aesthetics values in the cultural buildings of contemporary Iranian architecture based on fuzzy Delphi. For this purpose, the governing components in the aesthetics variables were extracted through document analysis and library studies of articles and books, and then a questionnaire was used to examine the contribution of each component. From the point of view of the space users, screening was done in the components of the relationship between form and structure in culturally significant buildings. The results indicate that in the environmental dimension, the highest degree of membership is related to the component of performance following the form, and the lowest is related to safety. In the decoration dimension, the highest degree of membership is related to visible details and the lowest degree of membership is related to the Connection method. In the formal dimension, the structure component is a structure and the least related to structural signs and symbols, and the least is related to spatial arrangement. In terms of signs and symbols, Platonic forms and least related to the way of using materials. In the coordination dimension, the balance component, and the lowest is related to resistance variable.

Внаслідок великого ослаблення поля при тропосферному поширенні радіохвиль та виникнення спотворень сигналів необхідно забезпечувати значну ефективно ізотропну випромінювану потужність (ЕІВП). Це можливо забезпечити шляхом збільшення коефіцієнта підсилення антени та потужності передавача. Для отримання необхідної ЕІВП розглянуто можливість використання параболічної антени та розроблення багатоелементного опромінювача, який представляє собою решітку із двох груп лінійних симетричних вібраторів – опромінювачів. Антена з такими опромінювачами та певною кількістю малопотужних підсилювачів може забезпечити необхідну ЕІВП. Але це передбачає специфічне технічне рішення для опромінювачів.Due to the weakening of the field in the tropospheric propagation and occurrence of distortion signals necessary to provide substantial effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP). This may be achieved by the antenna gain and transmit power. To obtain the necessary EIRP, consider using a parabolic antenna and ...

An exploratory study on the suitability of the machine crushed animal bones as partial or full replacement for normal coarse aggregates in concrete works has been carried out. Physical and mechanical properties of machine crushed animal bones and locally available normal aggregate have been determined and compared. A large number of concrete cubes of size 150×150×50 mm with different percentages by weight of normal aggregate to crushed animal bones as coarse aggregate in the order 100:0, 75:25, 65:35, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 were cast, tested and their physical and mechanical properties were determined. Compressive strength tests showed that approximately 50% of the crushed animal bones in replacement for normal aggregate were quite satisfactory with no compromise in compressive strength requirements for concrete mix ratio 1:1.5:3. The study has been carried out at 25%, 35%, 50%, 75%, and 100% replacement levels of normal aggregate by crushed animal bone (CAB) aggregate by weight and...

This Paper explores the intellectual landscape of tacit knowledge research through a comprehensive web-based literature survey. A total of 4,216 publications from the Web of Science (WoS) database, spanning from 2003 to 2023, were analyzed using bibliometric techniques, including co-citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence, and network visualization. The study employed the search string "tacit knowledge" to identify relevant research, which was downloaded in .text format and processed using VOS viewer software. The analysis revealed key trends, influential authors, prominent journals, and research clusters, highlighting the growing global recognition of tacit knowledge across diverse academic fields. Findings indicate that business economics, engineering, and information and library science contribute significantly to the research domain. The study uncovers the central role of journals like the Journal of Knowledge Management and the global collaboration patterns of top institutions. This research provides valuable insights into the evolution and interdisciplinary nature of tacit knowledge research, offering a foundation for future studies in the field.
Keywords: Tacit Knowledge, Intellectual Structure, Bibliometrics, Network visualization

Explore the journey of Yara Restaurant's outdoor space enhancement in Capitol Hill, DC. This presentation gives you a peek inside Tejjy Inc.'s innovative architectural design solutions leveraging advanced 3D laser scanning and BIM VDC expertise. Discover how challenges like sustainability, safety, and regulatory compliance were met with precision and creative design. The case study highlights business impact and Tejjy’s success story, setting a new standard for restaurant outdoor experiences.

The article considers technologies for ensuring comfortable indoor conditions during hot weather and reducing the negative impact of heat waves on human health. It is established that the most common technologies for ensuring comfortable
conditions require the use of modern high-tech equipment, significant material resources for the purchase and installation of
equipment, and ensuring its operation.
It is proposed to use vertical landscaping with vine-like plants to reduce the intake of excess heat in hot weather, which
in the warm season can cover the walls with a dense layer of foliage and protect them from solar radiation.
The exterior envelope of the buildings, which are oriented to the south, east, and west, is to be decorated. The object of
research is a red ceramic brick building located in Kharkiv, part of the walls of which are densely covered with the deciduous
vine Campsis.
Experimental studies of the temperature of the outer surface of walls of different orientations, with and without vertical
landscaping, were conducted on cloudless hot days in July-August 2023.
The algorithm has been developed for calculating the reduction of excess heat in a room during hot weather as a result
of the use of vertical landscaping.
To determine the temperature of the outer side of the wall, the equation of energy conservation in the form of a heat balance under the conditions of a quasi-stationary process was applied.
Comparison of the results of experimental studies and calculations confirms the possibility of using this calculation algorithm. The effectiveness of the use of vertical greening is confirmed on the example of the selected research object.
Excessive heat entering a room in a house through a 15 m2 wall facing south during a 7-day "heat wave" under the climatic conditions of Kharkiv decreased by 19.7 kWh, or 2.5 times.

The article presents a list of possible design solutions, synthesized on the basis of modern
foreign experience in interior design and analysis of comprehensive studies of the school
environment, taking into account the impact of the environment on learning outcomes.
Key words: interior design, school educational environment, physical environment criteria,
learning outcomes.

I'm thrilled to announce the publication of my latest research article in Urban construction and architecture journal. This article published as a second part of study about “Fourth wave technologies in construction and architecture: from idea to realization” and exact focused on new initiative ranges in this area.

The Industrial Revolution is the restructuring of society under the influence of innovations in technology and technique, which is accompanied by a jump in productivity. To-day, the 4th revolution is taking place, which is rapidly changing the landscape of various areas of life, including architecture and the construction industry. The Industry 4.0 revolution connects technologies used in organizations and people's daily lives. It combines physical and digital technologies. But it doesn’t develop as a daily simple life in architecture and construction industry like many other industries like as automotive, aircraft, electronic etc. Part two of the research is devoted to the idea and explanation of fourth wave technology in construction and architecture.

Les dessins de fondations précisent la forme et la disposition des ouvrages enterrés supportant la construction (semelles, plots, longrines,…). Ils servent : -à établir la cubature des déblais, -à implanter en vue d'effectuer les terrassements. -un plan de fondations (échelle 1/100° ou 1/50°), -des coupes verticales partielles (échelle 1/50° ou 1/20° ou 1/10°).

The implementation of passive defense requirements and considerations will reduce the vulnerability of the country's manpower, buildings, facilities and equipment against unnatural threats (explosion, military attacks, sabotage and security threats) created by the enemy. This causes the continuation of essential activities and reduces the vulnerability of infrastructures, places, facilities and equipment when the threat occurs. Today, the new technology of the Internet of Things has been able to create fundamental changes in human life by connecting the physical world and the digital world to each other and connecting objects with objects and objects with humans. The great impact of new technologies in the prevention and management of crises made us evaluate the impact of the Internet of Things in the prevention of man-made crises in the judiciary. The current research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose, and in terms of qualitative-descriptive nature, it investigated the current situation in the field research method. The statistical population is university professors and executive elites in the Isfahan judiciary and the headquarters of the judiciary. The sample size is18 people who were selected by snowball method. The data collection tool was an in-depth interview and a questionnaire, the content validity method was used to determine its validity, and the Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the test. The software used for data analysis is SPSS 23. The Delphi technique has been used in various stages of the research, including determining the main axes and indicators, designing questionnaire questions, and analyzing data. According to the results of using the Internet of Things in the prevention of man-made crises in the judiciary, based on the twenty-first topic of the National Building Regulations, 65.82 percent of gas facilities safety, 41 electrical and mechanical facilities, respectively. 59.0%, fire 35.32%, security cases 25.58%, shelter 8.28% and water stress 7%.

, (2001). Obtuvo un máster en Diseño y Computación del Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2007), donde actualmente es Presidential Fellow y trabaja en su propuesta doctoral, una investigación socio-técnica orientada a explorar los ámbitos de la representación, performance y agencias en el diseño y fabricación computacionales.

The article highlights the basics of energy-efficiency of renovation of existing office buildings, adaptive reuse of buildings for the office function and energy restoration of listed buildings. The advantages of renovation over the new construction in terms of sustainability and reduction of energy consumption were considered. 
Three different approaches to energy renovation were studied, depending on the location of the buildings and their listing status: existing buildings located outside the historical areas of the cities; existing buildings located in the historical areas of cities; and listed buildings. Principles and methods of energy-efficient renovation of existing office buildings and energy restoration of listed buildings were reviewed. 
As for the listed buildings, during the modernization or restoration aiming the increase of energy efficiency - the material component of the buildings, which determines its authenticity, should be preserved as much as possible.
Regarding the renovation of existing not listed buildings but located in the historical areas - the height, scale, plastic solution, character, finishing materials, etc. must be preserved. It has to be done in order to preserve the identity and the character of the historically inherited environment of a certain area of the city.
A list of passive and active design strategies for energy consumption reduction of office buildings during renovation and energy-efficient restoration was provided. Including following passive strategies: facades and roof insulation; low infiltration values; optimization of the glazing ratio; optimal selection of glazing types; use of solar shading devices; use of daylight; passive heating due to solar radiation in winter; use of natural ventilation; integration of greenery into the building; use of internal structures of the building with high heat capacity; use of "double" glass facades, etc.
The limitations that reduce the possibilities of energy modernization of listed buildings were considered. 
Ukrainian and foreign case-studies of renovation, adaptive reuse and restoration were researched and critically analysed.

A lo largo de la historia en numerosas ocasiones la imaginación de los creadores ha ido por delante de las posibilidades técnicas de cada momento. Muchas de estas nuevas ideas han requerido largos periodos de tiempo para materializarse como realidad construida, hasta que el desarrollo tecnológico e industrial ha alcanzado un desarrollo suficiente. Estas limitaciones técnicas se han acotado paulatinamente desembocando en la situación actual en la que cualquier planteamiento formal puede ser representado y analizado desde un punto de vista estructural, concluyéndose por tanto que ha desaparecido la barrera del análisis y de la representación gráfica en lo que al desarrollo de los proyectos arquitectónicos se refiere. A lo largo del artículo se analiza cómo la formulación del método de los elementos finitos en la década de los 50 y la posterior generalización de los ordenadores personales y de los paquetes de software de dibujo (C.A.D.) y análisis estructural (F.E.M.) en los estudios d...

The “Earthrise” photograph, taken on the 1968 Apollo 8 mission, became one of the most significant images of the 20th Century. It triggered a profound shift in environmental awareness and the potential for human unity—inspiring the first Earth Day in 1970. Taking inspiration from these events 50 years later, we initiated Project Earthrise at our 2020 annual conference of inVIVO Planetary Health. This builds on the emergent concept of planetary health, which provides a shared narrative to integrate rich and diverse approaches from all aspects of society towards shared solutions to global challenges. The acute catastrophe of the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn greater attention to many other interconnected global health, environmental, social, spiritual, and economic problems that have been underappreciated or neglected for decades. This is accelerating opportunities for greater collaborative action, as many groups now focus on the necessity of a “Great Transition”. While ambitious integr...

Sustainability has been a popular topic for surviving some global problems, and a former researcher has discussed culture preservation as a fourth pillar in reaching sustainable development goals. Unfortunately, cultural heritage preservation often goes wrong, making it stuck inside an ancient historical or traditional tourism building. This romantic conception of preservation differs from the sustainability conception that discusses future living strategies. On the other hand, Eko Prawoto, as an architect, artist, and culture practitioner, showed the experience of living with culture through his current house-living projects. He created local sustainability through his knowledge of making new houseliving ornaments. This research discussed the implication and new way of living with the culture as a sustainability strategy in modern house living from an emic perspective. It focused on the ornaments in two house-living projects by Eko Prawoto as a research subject. Tectonic architecture became the background knowledge in this qualitative architectural biography research. This research shows how tectonic architecture created local sustainability through new ornaments in modern house living. This result shared a new perspective and a rule-breaker in such outdated preservation thinking with the government, architects, and modern citizens. It could be developed as essential thinking for the next researcher to discuss tectonic architecture and culture. It is crucial to broaden the knowledge of culture as a modern way of living and explore new creative thinking to see more than just ancient and future boundaries but to make it a new strategy of living.
Keywords: architecture, culture, house living, ornamen

Traditionally, Ordinary Portland cement is used for making the civil structures. Portland cement can be partially replaced by silica fume. Silica fume is non metallic and non hazardous waste of industries. It is suitable for concrete mix and improves properties of concrete i.e. compressive strength etc. The main objective of this research work is to determine the optimum replacement percentages which can be suitably used under the Indian conditions. To fulfill the objective various properties of concrete using silica fume have been evaluated. Further to determine the optimum replacement percentage comparison between the regular concrete and concrete containing silica fume is done .It has been seen that when cement is replaced by silica fume compressive strength increases up to certain percentage (10% replacement of cement by silica fume).But higher replacement of cement by silica fume gives lower strength. The effect of Silica fume on various other properties of Concrete has also be...

Schottky diodes were fabricated on n-type 4H-SiC with Nickel ohmic contacts and Nickel Schottky contacts. An improved and revised fabrication process was developed during this research project. The Schottky diodes were electrically characterized using I-V and C-V measurements to extract electrical parameters which include Schottky barrier height, ideality factor, the diode series resistance, and doping density. Ni/4H-SiC was annealed at 700ºC to create the ohmic contact from Schottky. Schottky barrier height was raised and the ideality factor was reduced. Significant improvement was observed in the ideality factor of Ni/4H-SiC diodes. XRD was performed on Ni/4H-SiC samples to investigate the effects of annealing at the Nickel-SiC interface. Analysis of the XRD results showed Nickel-Silicon bonding at the interface. Electrical characterization of Ni/4H-SiC showed that the devices had a low ideality factor and represented some of the best results obtained in our research lab. The thesis establishes the effect of annealing on the transformation of Ni/4H-SiC to ohmic. The barrier height discrepancy were analyze using thermionic emission theory, Gaussian distribution model, flatband temperature depend coefficient. Also, the ideality factor was analyzed based on To-effect and thermionic field emission theory. Richardson constant obtained using these models were in close agreement with the theoretical value.

Background and objective Passive defense is an important issue such that developed countries have dedicated an important part of their comprehensive and national plans to this matter. In developing countries such as Iran, where urban infrastructure is still under construction, the need to pay attention to passive defense to reduce the damages is more important. The present study aims to locate the optimal places for multipurpose urban shelters based on the principles of passive defense in Isfahan, Iran. Method Ten indicators were selected for locating the optimal places based on four main criteria (demographic, functional, physical and natural/environmental). Their coefficients of importance were determined using the analysis network process (ANP) method. The coefficients were used in the information layers in the GIS software, version 10.5. By overlaying the layers, the optimal areas for constructing urban shelters were identified. Results Two demographic and functional criteria with weights of 0.429 and 0.321, respectively, were the most important criteria and two indicators of "distance from the crowded places" and "distance from the centers prone to enemy attacks" were the most important indicators with weights of 0.303 and 0.126, respectively. The results of the combined analysis (ANP-GIS) showed that the northeastern and southeastern regions were the optimal areas for constructing urban shelters. Conclusion It is necessary to use the principles and operational strategies of non-active defense with emphasis on the principle of neighborhood for the location of urban shelters. The innovation of the present research is in the indicators used and also the scope of the study

Workshop 1. Session 1.2: Segregation and strategies of gating and withdrawal. Abstract: Kurucesme, a village on the Bosphorus, reflects the particular characteristics of its own as well as those of both the Bosphorus and the city of Istanbul. Accommodating different cultural and social layers is the most discriminating feature of the Kurucesme settlement. From a starting point of this stratification, this paper aims to investigate the mechanisms of environment-behavior interaction, particularly place attachment and the dynamics of community change. The study investigates the concepts and processes of people and their relations with the environment, focusing and exploring the neighborhood, community life and the physical environment. The study also reviews the research about place and community attachment. To establish a relation between the theoretical framework with the Kurucesme case, the data collected by in-depth interviews with the various groups of inhabitants and on-site obse...

The mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the High-Strength Concrete (HSC) for M50 grade and 0.31 as the w/b ratio were evaluated experimentally. A total of 31 mixes were cast with various amounts of polycarboxylate ether (PCE) chemical admixture, 0.9% weight of cement, Bio-Admixture (BA) (10 ml, 20 ml, and 30 ml), and Nano Biomass-Silica (NBS) (6%, 12%, and 18%). At 25% blending, the metrics for strength were at their best. When NBS 12% + 0.9% PCE + 20 ml BA mixing was used, the compressive, split, and flexure strength was improved at all ages. Raman bonds at 709 cm −1 expand with ternary mixed bio-concrete, peaking at higher wavenumbers. These changes are caused by the cement paste's changing chemical environment, which includes broken Si-O (Silicon-oxygen) bonds, a rise in CaCO 3 (Calcium carbonate), and a 1690 cm −1 peak for urethane, which is highly present in bio-concrete. The calcite precipitations of bio-admixture mixed ternary admixture blended concrete were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Urethane presented on concrete is highly durable, and resistant to moisture, chemicals, and thermal shock. Several synergistic equations for the growth of compressive strength were derived from experimental findings. The blending of mineral, chemical, and biological admixtures resulted in differences in the strength over the short-or long-term, which the equations could explain. Regression analysis was also used to build two correlation models for compressive strength and split tensile & compressive strength and flexural strength. These models were confirmed by the anticipated errors, which showed an acceptable range.