Arab Americans

Parents inuence children's conduct, emotions, and personality. This study examined parental style and assertiveness in teens with and without learning difculties. The researcher drew 80 student demographics to do this. 40 with learning impairments and 40 without were chosen. T-test and correlation were used to examine the data. The study found a difference in assertiveness between learning disabled and nondisabled teens. The study found a moderate association between authoritative, authoritarian, permissive/indulgent, and negligent parenting and assertiveness. The study recommended that parents of teens be mindful of how parenting style affects their children's assertiveness.

Background/purpose. This study aimed to identify the prevailing parenting styles in the Bekaa region in Lebanon from the parents' perspective and to examine the relationship between these styles and parents' educational level, income level, age, and gender. Materials/methods. A purposeful sample of 637 parents, representing the target population, was selected. Questionnaires were distributed to the parents via students in grades six and seven and were returned within 5-7 days. A quantitative research approach using a descriptive analytical design was adopted in order to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and parenting styles. Parenting styles were assessed using the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and its updated version, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Results. The results indicated that the authoritative parenting style was the most prevalent among parents in the Bekaa region. Spearman correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between parenting styles and parents' income level or gender. However, a negative correlation was found between fathers' educational level and the authoritative parenting style, mothers' educational level and the neglectful parenting style, mothers' age and both the permissive and authoritarian parenting styles, as well as between fathers' age and the permissive parenting style. Additionally, the findings showed that mothers tended to be more authoritarian than fathers. Conclusion. This study explored the relationship between parenting styles and various parental demographic factors, including income, educational level, gender, and age. The findings highlight that parenting style is not uniform across demographic groups, with certain variables playing a more significant role than others.

This descriptive and comparative study aimed to analyze reframing strategies in the Persian translation of Gibran Khalil Gibran’s The Prophet (1923). The study examined the entire book and its three Persian translations: Mostapha Elm (1961), Mahdi Maghsodi (2004), and Hossein Mohyeddin Elahi Ghomshei (2015). Reframing strategies are significant tools used by translators to adapt a text to a different context. To guide this analysis, we applied Baker’s (2007) reframing theory, which includes labeling, outer paratext, inner paratext, and textual choices encompassing translational and contextual strategies. The findings revealed that among the three Persian translations of The Prophet, Elahi Ghomshei’s version employs a rich array of inner and outer paratextual strategies, often Islamizing the text through frequent theological references to classic Persian poets. His translation is also more heavily commented, interpreted, and reframed compared to those of Maghsodi and Elm. Additionally, Elahi Ghomshei’s translation stands out for its temporal and spatial relevance, as it connects the events to the poet’s era and the original Islamic context. In contrast, while Maghsodi’s and Elm’s translations show few signs of such strategies, Elahi Ghomshei’s work offers examples where the content of Persian poems closely aligns with the English text.

Race and cultural diversity in American life and history are among contemporary higher education's most contested and challenging areas of study. It encompasses historical systems of oppression, persistent structural inequalities, and ongoing debates over citizenship, democracy, and national identity. Contemporary scholars demonstrate that although many people perceive race as biological, it is in fact a socially constructed category with profound institutional consequences. This paper examines the historical foundations of race in the United States, its contested meanings, and its continuing impact on American life. It explores systemic discrimination, employment inequality, voting rights, religious pluralism, and immigration. It also situates the American racial experience in a comparative global context, highlights recent political efforts to sanitize history, and underscores the educational implications of teaching race. The paper concludes that race, far from being a relic of the past, remains central to shaping American democracy and identity in the 21st century.

Right now, the face of terror mostly looks like me. (Richard Montoya, "Anthems") The predicament of 9/11 was not only an American national security plight, it brought about a personal dilemma to Arab-Americans. As expressed in the previous lines, in Richard Montoya's satirical piece, similar to the Japanese in 1941 Arab-Americans bare the face of the enemy, even though they themselves are Americans. Arab-Americans are confronted with the double burden of mourning their country's misery on one hand, and defending their Arabic heritage on the other. Although they are Americans by nationality, they still have the Middle Eastern features and roots that categorize them as the enemy. The aim of this paper is not to go through all the harassment that Arab-Americans had to face post 9/11, or those who looked like Arabs or Muslimsin any way. Eric Muller, a professor of law, analyzes the situation and makes a comparison with the Japanese Americans post Pearl Harbor to conclude: 1 The title is derived from Jim Regan's article "Having the Face of the Enemy" posted on The Christian Science Monitor (www.csmonitor.com) on

This chapter traces the attempt of the Palestinian-American poet, Nathalie
Handal to intertwine her vast experiences of exile with her keenness to redefine
her Palestinian’s belonging, highlighting the shared experiences of the globally
displaced and dispersed people that she met in her journeys of identification.
Handal aims at synthesizing the Palestinian culture with other cultures in exile.
The chapter explores Handal’s peaceful way of getting the world to interact with
the Palestinian cause through retelling the life experiences of the Palestinian
people and channeling those experiences to her western readers, thus correcting
the distorted stories which are transformed through the western media. The
chapter also delves into Handal’s pursuit of wholeness through the fragments
that constitute her global identity and it probes how she maps her way home.

"لم تتبق إلا أيام قليلة، على موعد النزال الأكبر، بين دونالد ترامب المرشح الجمهوري - الرئيس الأمريكي الأسبق، ومنافسته الشرسة كمالا هاريس مرشحة الحزب الديمقراطي، على حلبة الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية. وربما لم يكن للصوت العربي والمسلم، في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، أهمية كبرى كتلك التي يحظى بها في هذه الانتخابات، حتى أن بعض المراقبين، يرون أن أصوات المسلمين والعرب في الولايات المتحدة،هي التي قد تحدث الفارق على الساحة الانتخابية، في الخامس من نوفمبر المقبل"

This reflective research paper investigates how personal philosophical inclinations influence a translator's style, focusing on the interplay between individual beliefs and linguistic decisionmaking. Using AI, specifically ChatGPT, as a collaborative tool, the study explores translations of classical and literary texts through various philosophical lenses-primarily existentialism, pragmatism, and idealism. By engaging with these perspectives, the translator examines how underlying worldviews shape lexical choices, tone, and interpretative latitude. The paper further considers the implications of AI in exposing or amplifying philosophical bias, thus highlighting the translator's evolving self-awareness. Ultimately, the research underscores the significance of philosophical self-reflection in enhancing both the authenticity and intentionality of translation practice.

This case will be useful for discussions realtive to junior level leadership and decision making and fundamental international relations. Based on a 2009 experience of an Army Special Forces junior officer who was thrust into the role of "warrior diplomat" included are a question set, readings and extensive endnotes, references and historical background on the nation of Paraguay and it's military.

This reading was developed for the intermediate Decision Making and Implementation course and Leading Organizations Effectively to be placed at the beginning of the skills set portion of the curriculum. The case would be utilized in Southern Command seminars  where the students are introduced to skill sets for leadership. The reading is unique since it is specifically oriented toward SOUTHCOM and presently, the DMI curriculum at the intermediate level has no geographic command relative readings.

The meaning of home differs from one person to another. America hosts many hybrid cultures and one of them is the Arab American identity. These people suffer from many hardships not only because of their religious differences, but also their traditional alienation to American culture. This paper will analyze the Egyptian-American playwright Yussef El Guindi’s play Ten Acrobats in An Amazing Leap of Faith (2018), presenting the fear and anxiety for the unknown culture in an Arab American family who struggle with identity problems and the American lifestyle. The concept of in-betweenness will be analyzed in each character and as Stuart Hall mentioned in his theory, this study will carry out “the eye of the needle of the other before it can construct itself” (1996, p. 89). As for identity framework, each character will be examined in terms of identity, gender and religious perspectives. The hardships of each character throws light on various commentaries in relating to the identity ana...

Il 17 luglio 2023, in occasione del centenario di The Prophet, l’opera più nota e acclamata dello scrittore e artista libanese residente negli Stati Uniti Kahlil Gibran (Ǧubrān Ḫalīl Ǧubrān, 1883-1931), pubblicata a New York per i tipi dell’editore Knopf (odierna Random House) nel settembre del 1923, si è tenuto a Beirut, presso la Lebanese American University (LAU), un convegno internazionale patrocinato dal Center for Lebanese Heritage, sotto la direzione del poeta, critico letterario e giornalista Henri Zoghaib. Diversamente da tutti gli altri interventi, il mio contributo all’evento non era incentrato sul celebrato long-seller, ad oggi tradotto in oltre un centinaio di idiomi in tutto il mondo, bensì sulla scoperta di alcune informazioni finora sconosciute riguardanti l’attività politica del suo autore. Quanto riportato di seguito costituisce una sintesi ragionata in lingua italiana di una sezione del mio paper relativa al coinvolgimento e all’impegno personali di Gibran in una delle vicende più tragiche della storia della sua terra d’origine.

How does the Arab American National Museum, the United States’s
only museum dedicated to Arab American experiences, face up to the challenges
of negotiating and resisting white supremacy culture? Based on a yearlong
ethnographic study of the museum, this essay contends that the Arab
American National Museum is a multilayered site that plays with and subverts
white supremacy culture, specifically through performing a politics of oppositionality
in contrast to the now-removed statue of Orville Hubbard: Dearborn,
Michigan’s racist, longest-serving, former mayor. In so doing, the museum
embodies the position of the trickster relative to the still-existing plinth and the
now-phantom statue, encountering and playing with what the statue gestured
toward: fulfillment of Hubbard’s racist, white supremacist, segregationist promises
to and for the city of Dearborn. In playing with this historical encounter in
the present, the museum gestures toward an alternate future, performing a
progressive politics of the possible.

Both empirical and anecdotal data indicate that the use of provisional ballots in U.S. elections is a mixed bag. On the one hand, providing voters whose eligibility is unclear with an opportunity to cast a provisional ballot might prevent many voters from being disenfranchised. Indeed, the evidence from several states (for example, in California provisional ballots were estimated to be 5.8% of all ballots cast in 2008) indicates that the incidence of disputed eligibility can be quite substantial, and that provisional balloting options are substantively important. On the other hand, those states with provisional balloting systems may be less likely to seek to improve their registration, voter list, and election administration procedures, as provisional ballots provide a "fail-safe" option. We assume that the goal here is to (a) reduce incidences in which voter eligibility is at issue, and (b) provide an opportunity for all eligible voters to participate. In light of these goals, we recommend the best practices identified in the U.S. Election Assistance Commission's 2010 report on provisional voting: improving voter outreach/ communication, adding to staff and poll worker training, encouraging more consistent and comprehensive Election Day management procedures, and strengthening procedures for offering and counting provisional ballots as well as upgrading post-election statistical systems. 1 These recommendations respect differences between and amongst the states, but provide a pathway for achieving consistency within states and improving voting procedures across the board. We also recommend that provisional ballot procedures are consistent within a given state, that younger voters be targeted for outreach, that provisional voting data be integrated into the voter lists and analyzed to inform outreach, and that both Election Day and (especially) post-election procedures for using and counting provisional ballots be strictly defined, understood, and implemented by election administrators. 1 ELECTION ADMINISTRATION COMMISSION, ELECTION ADMINISTRATION AND VOTING SURVEY OVERVIEW REPORT (2010).

The last edition of the Rutgers Law Review published the Article, Profiles in Justice? Police Discretion, Symbolic Assailants, and Stereotyping in which the Authors discussed various aspects about the practice and current debate over racial profiling. As noted in a postscript, that Article was being prepared for publication just as the monstrous and tragic events of September 11, 2001 occurred, and too late to assess or include observations about how those events affect the debate about profiling. Although we are still in the wake of those events, it is clear that the terrorist attacks have reinvigorated the debate over racial profiling. As we contemplate, both as a nation and individually, how the events of that day will change our lives in this country, it has been frequently observed that there are few, if any, areas of life that the terrorist attack did not touch. That includes the practice of "racial profiling," which was the subject of the previous Article. Though to...

الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية لعام 2024 أثارت جدلًا واسعًا حول تأثير الجاليات المختلفة في الولايات المتحدة، خصوصًا العرب والمسلمين، على النتائج النهائية. مع تزايد أعداد الناخبين من أصول عربية ومسلمة، أصبحت هذه الجاليات تلعب دورًا ملحوظًا في تحديد الاتجاه السياسي الأمريكي، وخاصة في "الولايات المتأرجحة" التي تُعتبر نقاطًا حاسمة في السباق الرئاسي. يسعى هذا المقال إلى تحليل مدى تأثير العرب والمسلمين في نجاح دونالد ترامب في انتخابات 2024، مع تسليط الضوء على العوامل التي دفعت بعضهم لدعمه، والآثار المحتملة لدورهم على المدى الطويل.

The Pew Research Center's "JEWISH AMERICANS IN 2020" highlighted the growing number of "Jews of color," "people of color," or "BIPOC" (an acronym for Black, Indigenous, and people of color), and it is challenging the old belief that American Jews are white. Republican Donald Trump's presidency and the violent right-wing, white supremacist protests in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 2017 changed the racial discussion of American Jews. In 2017, Yair Rosenberg, writing in the National Post, asked the perpetual question, "Are Jews white?; Well, Just Ask The White Supremacists."

Dialoghi Mediterranei » "Il fiume ghiacciato" di Mikhail Naimy. L'esordio poetico in lingua russa di uno scrittore arabo » Print istitutoeuroarabo.it/DM/il-fiume-ghiacciato-di-mikhail-naimy-lesordio-poetico-in-lingua-russa-di-uno-scrittorearabo/print/ "Il fiume ghiacciato" di Mikhail Naimy. L'esordio poetico in lingua russa di uno scrittore arabo

This research analyzes how the intersection of race and gender intensifies the suffering of female characters In Shamieh's The Black Eyed. They are doubly victimized at the hands of colonizers because of being women and Arabs in the same time. Colonization and patriarchy dominate and oppress these females in direct and indirect ways. Direct ways depend on acting different forms of violence against them such as marginalization, racism, enslaving their bodies, and employing these bodies to serve colonial agendas. Indirect ways depend on the colonization of these female characters' minds through repressive ideologies to make these women willingly obedient to patriarchal or colonial rule.

This research analyzes how the intersection of race and gender intensifies the suffering of female characters In Shamieh's The Black Eyed. They are doubly victimized at the hands of colonizers because of being women and Arabs in the same time. Colonization and patriarchy dominate and oppress these females in direct and indirect ways. Direct ways depend on acting different forms of violence against them such as marginalization, racism, enslaving their bodies, and employing these bodies to serve colonial agendas. Indirect ways depend on the colonization of these female characters' minds through repressive ideologies to make these women willingly obedient to patriarchal or colonial rule.

The multifaceted and emotional aspects of working with Arab immigrants-a community to which I belong-is something I have learned to navigate more effectively through writing. This medium allows me to articulate the ineffable and share my thoughts more sincerely and deeply.

Family has a crucial role in maintaining the physical, social and mental health of the children. Most of the mental and anxiety problems of children reflect the complex interpersonal situations among family members, especially parents. In other words, anxiety problems of the children are correlated with deficit relationships of family members and improper childrearing styles. The parental child rearing styles leads to positive and negative consequences which affect the children's mental health. Therefore, the present research was aimed to compare the parental childrearing styles and anxiety of children with stuttering and normal population. It was also aimed to study the relationship between parental child rearing styles and anxiety of children. The research sample included 54 boys with stuttering and 54 normal boys who were selected from the children (boys) of Tehran, Iran in the age range of 5 to 8 years in 2013. In order to collect data, Baum-rind Childrearing Styles Inventory and Spence Parental Anxiety Inventory were used. Appropriate descriptive statistical methods and multivariate variance analysis and t test for independent groups were used to test the study hypotheses. Statistical data analyses demonstrated that there was a significant difference between stuttering boys and normal boys in anxiety (t = 7.601, p< 0.01); but there was no significant difference between stuttering boys and normal boys in parental childrearing styles (F = 0.129). There was also not found significant relationship between parental childrearing styles and children anxiety (F = 0.135, p< 0.05). It can be concluded that the influential factors of children's society are parents, school, teachers, peers and media. So, parental childrearing styles are not the only influential factors on anxiety of children, and other factors including genetic, environment and child experiences are effective in anxiety as well. Details are discussed.

In the aftermath of the September 11th terror attacks, we witnessed political elites make adequate use of coded language in order to justify the implementation of an aggressive and punitive foreign policy in the Middle East. Terror attacks are disruptive, catastrophic events that tend to produce feelings of racial resentment and a desire for collective punishment toward an entire group of people. Although the perpetrators of a terror attack do not represent or speak for the majority of a much larger group, the general population of the nation or state that was attacked may not feel this way. Therefore, an entire group of people may suffer the consequences for the very few that orchestrated the attack.

Part of the reason why the general population of a country or state can be easily swayed toward feelings of revenge and a desire for collective punishment is due to the coded language or rhetoric used by political elites. This coded language used by politicians can create and construct labels, which are generalized and subjective words or phrases that can be consciously or unconsciously applied to a larger group by the general population. Rhetoric and labels both have a long history, dating back to colonial times and the age of exploration. Several social theories such as Edward Said’s orientalism, Nobert Elias’s civilizing process/mission, Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead’s symbolic interactionism, Howard Becker’s labeling theory, T.H. Marshall’s citizenship, and Benedict Anderson’s Nation-State and imagined communities can be used to describe the ways in which the West attempted to distinguish itself from Non-Western nations. Likewise, these same theories can help explain the immediate change in the attitudes of the American people and the political elite toward the Muslim and Arab Communities after the September 11th terror attacks.

Using a qualitative content analysis consisting of speeches from former US Presidents George W. Bush and Donald Trump, I intend to show how words and phrases from political personnel were weaponized by American politicians at the expense of the Muslim and Arab Communities.

Muslims across the United States are experiencing an unprecedented increase in discrimination and violence due to a growing fear and hatred towards Islam and Muslims. Many educators have labeled this anti-Islamic phenomenon as &quot;Islamophobia&quot;. Several studies have addressed the existence of &quot;Islamophobia&quot; and discussed its impact on the Muslim community and society at-large. However, few studies focus on helping Muslims transcend their mindset and believe in their ability to challenge prejudice and promote mutual understanding. This two-phase research attempted to fill that gap by first looking at the impact of contact relations and education in reducing Islamophobia and then considering the role of the Imams in that process. The first study surveyed 189 people who visited the Islamic Center of San Diego to evaluate the effectiveness of its educational and outreach program. More than ninety percent of the participants in the first survey indicate that following th...

This paper is a part of an ongoing research that is being done on the history of Arab-American literature .The study, therefore spots light on the important efforts of Arab-American women writers in sharing their brothers" men to create new literary works in host-country. Arab-American woman writers have become prominent figures in the field of Arab-American literature and greatly indebted to Arab American feminism, which has empowered them and enabled the voicing of their concerns through literature.

When we think of Kahlil Gibran's artistry, it is a given to say that we define him through the lens of his much admired poetry above anything else. His timeless literary work, "The Prophet" supersedes even his principle expression as a visual artist; a body of work estimated at well over 700-800 pieces, all of which was refined primarily by his modality within the mediums of watercolour, oil, and graphite. And it is here, we further find another lesser-known facet of Gibran's

contribution to the existing literature. Kruks is a graceful writer and careful analyst, and her book is a pleasure to read. The insights that it offers into Beauvoir's political thought is a tribute to the profound influence that this thinker has had on the intellectual landscape of the contemporary world.

The effectiveness of an indigenous parent training program was examined within selected Pakistani families. For this purpose, 110 parents of adolescents with above-average levels of delinquent tendencies (challenging behaviors), who were screened and chosen from five randomly selected schools in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, participated in the study. The adolescents' parents were randomly placed into either an intervention group or a control group. Members of the intervention group participated in seven sessions of parent training, which aimed to increase behaviors associated with an authoritative parenting style. Findings show that participants in the parent training program displayed an increase in authoritative parenting behaviors and a decrease in authoritarian and neglectful parenting behaviors at both posttest and followup. In addition, their children showed reductions in parentreported challenging behaviors. Declines in challenging behaviors were explained by increases in authoritative parenting behaviors, although not all intervention effects could be explained by such increases. We conclude that, similar to Western countries, the authoritative parenting style is the most effective parenting style for managing adolescents' challenging behaviors in Pakistan.

Objectives The objective of the present meta-analysis was to integrate the available research on associations of parenting styles with self-esteem in children and adolescents. Methods A systematic search in electronic databases (PSYCINFO, ERIC, Google Scholar, and PSYNDEX) and cross referencing identified 116 studies that were included in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results Cross-sectional studies found small to moderate positive associations of authoritative parenting with self-esteem (r = 0.26; 95%-CI [0.24, 0.29]) while authoritarian (r = -0.18; 95%-CI [-0.21, -0.14]) and neglectful parenting (r = -0.18; 95%-CI [-0.23, -0.12]) were related to lower self-esteem in the offspring. A very small positive association of permissive parenting with self-esteem was observed in studies that defined permissiveness by low control and high warmth rather than only by low control (r = 0.07; 95%-CI [0.01, 0.12]). Cross-lagged analyses found evidence for child effects on change in authoritative (r = 0.13; 95%-CI [0.05, 0.21]) and neglectful parenting (r = -0.28; 95%-CI [-0.34, -0.22] but not on effects of parenting styles on change in self-esteem; however very few longitudinal studies were available. Few moderating effects of study characteristics were identified. Conclusions We conclude that correlations between parenting styles and child self-esteem cannot be interpreted as a pure effect of parenting styles and that more longitudinal research is urgently needed for testing potential bidirectional effects.

Since the 20 century there has been a substantive growth of Islamic immigration to the U.S. Middle Eastern Americans are an eclectic group that is diverse both religiously and ethnically. After the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01, grave misconceptions about Islam have caused antiIslamic sentiments to rise which has led to the undue discrimination and harassment of Middle Eastern Americans. The U.S. Patriot Act is a controversial legislation that threatens the First Amendment Rights of Middle Eastern Americans.

The diverse range of parenting styles employ a fundamental role in the development of children by persuading academic performance, cognitive progression, social-emotional development, and behavioral problems. But what strikes us the most is that the study of children amid such varying parenting styles, has been extremely belittled in developing countries. While only a few Indian studies on parenting styles have been found to be influential today, cross-sectional and comparative studies turn out to be the least observed and documented. Hence, the purpose of this study is to reconceptualize the parenting styles so that the distinct categories could be categorized from the continuous measure of one another. By the same token, my study reads the figure of parenting styles in accordance to the parental characteristics and child outcomes. With the parenting style questionnaires being provided to the parents and a separate set of questionnaires being provided to a few of their children, my chief argument in this paper aids to map the relationship between the responses achieved and points of variance observed. This in turn validates these parenting style categories, by comprehending the dimensions of acceptance and rejection, in its entirety.

The Pen Bond (Arrabitah, 1916, 1920-1931) movement revolutionized and highlighed the previously neglected and unrecognized Arabic contribution to world literature. The earliest Arab American authors played a fundamental role in the renovation of the literature from their countries of origin, and such a process has been made possible also thanks to their knowledge of foreign languages and Western literary forms. The following article provides an overview of their main translations, aiming to promote knowledge of the best of world literature for Arabic-speaking readers, of Eastern literature and heritage for the Western public, and of their own works in order to give them an international prominence.

This study takes stock of the North African diaspora's experiences in Western Europe across four distinct generations. It draws on a tailored theoretical framework to deconstruct the interactions of the historical experiences, societal shifts, and identity negotiations these generations have gone through in the process of cultural dissemination. The central question of the paper revolves around understanding the ways digital platforms and social media influence the negotiation and preservation of cultural heritage, as well as looking into how these technological advancements impact the formation of diasporic identities. The primary objective herein is to shed light on the challenges, resistances, and adaptations experienced by the four generations (Pioneering, Integration, Globalization, and Digital Generations) in the face of cultural differences, discrimination, and the unique opportunities afforded by the digital age. Furthermore, the objective is to contribute to the existing body of literature by adopting a holistic approach that synthesizes various aspects of the diasporic experience, shedding light on the ways in which technology shapes the cultural narratives of North African communities, ultimately offering some insights into the broader discourse on cultural resilience, connectivity, and the evolving nature of diasporic communities in the contemporary world.

Thanks, firstly, must go to my supervisors, Jean-Philippe Imbert (D.C.U.) and Prof. Samira Aghacy (L.A.U.) for their constant support and suggestions. It is rare to find mentors who are as kind and generous with their time. They were patient and understanding as mentors and always made sure to answer my questions. Both were enthusiastic and offered suggestions that helped to enrich my studies. This project would never have even started without their encouragement and it is greatly appreciated. I would also like to acknowledge the help given to me by the SALIS Research Committee. Their funding gave me the opportunity to focus my full attentions on this study. I would also like to acknowledge the support of staff members in SALIS who have helped me over the years, particularly the kindness of the ladies in the SALIS office, Caroline and Paula. I would also like to thank the authors and critics involved in this study for taking the time to answer my questions and for their kindness and professionalism. Everything I am today is owed to my family, Sleiman, Leila, Sami, Sawsan and Ranya, who are always a constant source of love and support, a heartfelt thank you to each and every one of them. Thank you to my close friends, Adam Eager, Talal Rasamny and Rabih Amro, for always being there for me throughout it all. Thank you as well to my friends, Nadine Makarem, Haniya Akl, Sahar Arbid, Lyndsey Smith and Zara Blake, for their warmth and hospitality, while in Dublin. A special mention must also go to Emma Eager, Ranya Radwan and Sally Nawfal for their helpful suggestions and technical support. My love and appreciation also goes to my grandfather and uncle, Amine Timany and Afif Baz, for instilling the love of poetry and literature in me and for always believing in me. Also, a big thank you to Bassam, Wajih, Nye, Aya, Amine, Krystle, Karim and of course Rahim for being an awesome family, and to all the unnamed family members and friends who supported and encouraged me throughout my studies. Lastly, thank you to the person who makes Everything in my life worthwhile, my best friend and partner, Mélanie Arbid.

This study examines poetry written by Americans of Arab descent and the manifold ways in which ―national identity construction and belonging in terms of Race, Cultural Politics, and Feminism are portrayed in the discourse of various prominent, contemporary Arab-American poets. Using literary imagology as a methodological tool, the study investigates the various representations of identity/alterity expressed in these works. As such, the primary focus of the study is on the image of the Arab community in post-9/11 America, and the various cultural concerns of the spected community as portrayed in the literature (i.e. from an aesthetic, subjective perspective). Moreover, this study addresses the subsequent tensions and exilic notions encountered in contemporary Arab-American poetic discourse in its attempt to redefine and invalidate the image of being Arab, and by extrapolation, Muslim, in America after the incidents of the 9/11 attacks. This research focuses on sociopolitical readings...

Election administration plays a central role in ensuring the legitimacy of the electoral process and outcomes. Subverting faith and trust in elections undermines the foundations of democracy. Research has shown that technical improvements to electoral administration can improve voter perceptions of elections being fair, but that there are limits to what election administration reforms alone can achieve (Bowler et. al 2015). As we prepare for the 2024 elections and increasingly contested elections and election outcomes, one approach to addressing perceptions of legitimacy and trust is to incorporate election administration into civic learning curriculum and campus-wide initiatives. Furthermore, engaging young people in election administration can serve as an opportunity for developing civic agency and promoting increased informed participation in elections.

Israel's war in Gaza, which is being waged in response to the devastating Hamas attacks of October 7, has prompted a surge of anti-Zionist discourse among many Muslims in the West, including in the US. The American Muslim community has been politically active since 9/11. Muslim activists, clerics and Islamic organizations are among the most prominent Western voices condemning injustices against Muslims worldwide, and the Palestinian cause is often a priority. President Joe Biden's support for Israel in the Gaza war has angered many in the American Muslim community, and they may wish to punish him for that support in the November election. Will American Muslim opposition to Biden's support for Israel have a political impact on the US election?