Application Sharing

The Semantic Web is intended as a web of machine readable data where every data source can be the data provider for different kinds of applications. However, due to a lack of support it is still cumbersome to work with RDF data in modern, object-oriented programming languages, in particular if the data source is only available through a SPARQL endpoint without further documentation or published schema information. In this setting, it is desirable to have an integrated tool-chain that helps to understand the data source during development and supports the developer in the creation of persistent data objects. To tackle these issues, we introduce LITEQ, a paradigm for integrating RDF data sources into programming languages and strongly typing the data. Additionally, we report on two use cases and show that compared to existing approaches LITEQ performs competitively according to the Halstead metric.

Collaboratories provide an environment where researchers at distant locations work together at tackling important scientific and industrial problems. In this paper we outline the tools and principles used to form the eMinerals collaboratory, and discuss the experience, from within, of working towards establishing the eMinerals project team as a functioning virtual organisation. Much of the emphasis of this paper is on experience with the IT tools. We introduce a new application sharing tool.

This mini-tutorial describes how an end-user would set up and run GroupKit applications. We shall run th Minimalist Brainstormer, a simple brainstorming tool that allows users to enter ideas in an entry box and put them into a shared listbox. By the end of this tutorial, you should be able to run any existing GroupKit application. The first step to running a GroupKit application is installing GroupKit. Follow the instructions in the README file that comes with the GroupKit package to install GroupKit.

This paper analyzes the role of the two communication modes in cooperative work: synchronous and asynchronous. While it is natural and indispensable that both modes be used together, most existing groupware handles only one or the other, which reduces the effectiveness of cooperation. This hypothesis is confirmed by defining an argument model that uses the concept of cooperative effects and using it to analyze a decisionmaking discussion consisting of both synchronous face-toface meetings and asynchronous electronic mail meetings. Several discussion characteristics using both modes are identified and the need for and the requirements for an integrated support system are clarified.

We present two experimental studies examining the effects of videoconferencing and application sharing on task performance. We studied performance on a cognitive reasoning task while subjects were observed via two-way video, one-way video and application sharing. Results demonstrate that performance is impaired when subjects are observed via media compared to when they are not observed. Surprisingly, we found no significant difference in awareness of the observer's presence between the application sharing and the two-way video conditions. This is surprising because application sharing lacks visual feedback of the observer. This finding contradicts social presence theory which claims that media which provides visual feedback of others produce the greatest sense of social presence. Our data also show that media use heightens the perception of task difficulty. We extend social presence theory and argue that these social effects need to be considered in the design and deployment of video and application sharing technologies for use in the workplace.

Corporate mergers, global markets, reduced willingness to relocate, and the increased need to reorganize and respond dynamically -we are entering an era of distributed organizations and groups. New technologies are needed that enable distributed teams to work as though virtually collocated. This case study examines how one such technology, desktop conferencing with application sharing, is used routinely by four groups within a major company. We discuss differing and evolving patterns of use. A range of difficulties arising from impoverished communication are documented. Success factors are identified, focusing on the use of technology facilitation and meeting facilitation. We conclude by describing benefits possible with this merger of communication and application sharing, as well as the challenges of organizational change that may be needed to achieve the benefits.

We present an empirical study in which we investigated group versus individual performance with collaborative information-visualization environments (CIVEs), the effects of system transparency on users' performance, and the effects of different collaborative settings on CIVE usage. Subjects searched for findings with CIVEs, working either alone, in a collocated dyad using a shared electronic whiteboard, or in a remote dyad using application sharing. Groups answered more questions correctly and took less time with the more transparent CIVE than groups using the less transparent CIVE. We interpret our results to mean that groups have better self-corrective abilities when the system is transparent. We present a stage model to explain the collaborative process of using CIVEs, which accounts for task type, collaborative setting, and system transparency.

Digital content providers seek to restrict usage by implementing conditional access. One such scenario is the security aspects of digital video broadcast (DVB-S). There has been a history of attacks on this technology to circumvent any security measures and some techniques have been countered by the deployment of customised/provider specific receivers. However, this leads to less choice and the duplication of equipment at the customer level. Open satellite receivers have been introduced to allow a single user to access several different services from a single piece of receiver equipment. These boxes provide a highly configurable environment with software emulations of conditional access systems that is open to abuse. The internet has allowed communities with in-depth expertise to grow up around open receiver equipment; effectively communicating attack methods as they evolve. A new level of emerging attack is a card sharing by which one legitimate user colludes to provide protected content to a larger group of illegitimate users. In this paper we propose countermeasures to protect DVB-S content against this species of attack by enforcing behavioural contracts and correct usage guidelines within the smart card. 1

In Pair Programming -a software development technique that is part of Extreme Programming (XP) -two developers work side by side, on a single computer, to jointly produce an artifact. It has been reported that Pair Programming can be accounted for the development of higher quality software in half the time it required a single programmer. Pair programmers are meant to be collocated since they require continuous and fluid communication. However, the globalization of the software industry and the growth of open source software development are trends that motivate the need to support Distributed Pair Programming. For distributed pair programming to be effective, its support should facilitate not only actually collaborating in pairs, but also the pairing of distributed colleagues in an opportunistic and flexible manner. In this paper we present the COPPER collaborative editor, developed using the Collaborative Spaces Model, to support pair programming during actual collaboration, and for potential collaboration; awareness on the opportunities for collaboration when a distributed colleague is available or working on a file of common interest. We also present the results of an empirical evaluation of the actual collaboration features of the tool. The evaluation considered three different working conditions: pairs collocated sharing a single computer; distributed pairs using application sharing mode; and distributed pairs using collaboration aware facilities. In all three cases the subjects used the COPPER collaborative editor. The results support our hypothesis that distributed pairs could find the same amount of errors as their collocated counterparts. However, no evidence was found that the pairs that used actual collaboration awareness services had better code comprehension, as we had also hypothesized. Overall, according to comments from evaluation participants', COPPER improves Distributed Pair Programming, in subtle but significant ways, by allowing concurrent work and better maintaining awareness on the concurrent actions of the pair, in contrast to collaboration-transparent applications which do not support these features.

In this thesis we develop and evaluate automated "expert systems" for two applications: (i) gas/oil pipeline inspection using magnetic flux leakage information, (ii) treatment efficacy prediction and medical diagnosis using electroencephalograph (EEG) and clinical information. Both applications share the same methodology and procedure as they employ machine learning methods which learn their decision models using the training data (or past

This paper proposes using virtual reality to enhance the perception of actions by distant users on a shared application. Here, distance may refer either to space (eg in a remote synchronous collaboration) or time (eg during playback of recorded actions). Our approach consists in immersing the application in a virtual inhabited 3D space and mimicking user actions by animating avatars whose motion can be either generated from user actions on the shared application or from motion capture by a computer vision system ...

Gestures in collaborative environments can be conveyed by video, at the cost of high bandwidth and one window interface per user. Virtual actors allow low bit rate gesture transmission and display in a single virtual world for several users. We describe a prototype system for 3D-gesture acquisition in real time using a single camera and gesture restitution by avatars in a 3D televirtuality environment to support application sharing.

Archiving video conferences is an important feature that allows storing conferences for later playback or for any other possible usage. This part of videoconferencing has never been an active area for most conferencing solutions. Many aspects of archiving conferencing solutions, including application sharing as well as document sharing among the participants, are not properly considered. In this paper we discuss IBM Streaming Engine based archiving solution. This recording and archiving facility leverages IBM Sametime collaborative conferencing solution. Apart from the discussion on the archiving facilities, a brief description of IBM Streaming Engine as well as its features is presented.

There are a number of problems associated with current windowing environments, such as the lack of consistency both within and between applications, the poor integration between applications, little or no interoperability, 'hard-wired' and inflexible interfaces, and the enormous cost of producing applications. These problems are examined, and a unified approach that addresses them is presented.

The implications of using peer-to-peer communications within an urban environment are significant for military applications. From a networking perspective, the use of wireless technologies to support collaborative communications may have impacts on bandwidth and spectrum utilization. This paper explores the effects of wireless peer-to-peer (P2P) network behavior on the performance of collaboration support applications. The results achieved during the limited objective experiment conducted by the Naval Postgraduate School demonstrate significant effects of roaming on application-sharing performance and integration with client-server applications. The authors discuss the wireless network operation challenges leading to the solutions for scaling up application-sharing and improving collaborators' self-organizing behavior.

The implications of using mobile wireless communications are significant for emerging peer-to-peer (P2P) collaborative environments. From a networking perspective, the use of wireless technologies to support collaboration may impact bandwidth and spectrum utilization. This paper explores the effects of providing feedback to system users regarding wireless P2P network behavior on the performance of collaboration support applications. We refer to this operational feedback as "network awareness." The underlying premise is that providing feedback on the status of the network will enable users to self-organize their behavior to maintain quality of data sharing. Results achieved during an experiment conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School demonstrate significant effects of roaming on application sharing performance and integration with client-server applications. A solution for improving network aware P2P collaboration, identified in the experiment, is discussed.

Pair programming requires two programmers working together at one computer. However, the trend toward globally distributed organizations makes long-distance collaboration necessary. Sangam is an Eclipse plug-in for Eclipse users to share workspace so that developers may work as if they were using the same computer. In this paper, we will show how this is achieved in Eclipse platform, and discuss our experience of distributed and collocated pair programming during the development of Sangam. 1

In pair programming, two programmers tradition-ally work side-by-side at one computer. However, in globally distributed organizations, long-distance collaboration is frequently necessary. Sangam is an Eclipse plug-in that allows Eclipse users in different locations to share a workspace so that they may work as if they were using the same computer. In this paper, we discuss the San-gam plug-in, and our experience developing it via distributed and collocated pair programming. 1

The development of service robots has recently received considerable attention. Their deployment, however, normally involves a substantial programming effort to develop a particular application. With the incorporation of service robots to daily activities, it is expected that they will require to perform different tasks. Fortunately, many of such applications share common modules such as navigation, localization and human interaction, among others. In this chapter, a general framework to easily develop different applications for service robots is presented. In particular, we have developed a set of general purpose modules for common tasks that can be easily integrated into a distributed, layered architecture, and coordinated by a decision-theoretic planner to perform different tasks. The coordinator is based on a Markov decision process (MDP) whose reward is set according to the task's goal, the states are represented by a set of variables affected by the general modules, and the actions correspond to the execution of the different modules. In order to create a new application the user only needs to define a new MDP whose solution provides an optimal policy that coordinates the different behaviors for performing the task. The effectiveness of our approach is experimentally demonstrated in four different service robot tasks with very promising results. Additionally, several aspects include some novel ideas; in particular in navigation, localization and gesture recognition.

In Present days, multicore systems have become popular as it provides parallelism and hence less delay, but multicore systems provide only hardware parallelism. In order to achieve best result we should use software parallelism also. To achieve software parallelism there are many programming models like OpenMP, MPI etc. In this work we have used OpenMP for dividing Harmonic Progression Series into different threads and running on quad core processor. We have found the optimum number of threads for best result.

We present a method for performing selection tasks based on continuous control of multiple, competing agents who try to determine the user's intentions from their control behaviour without requiring an explicit pointer. The entropy in the selection process decreases in a continuous fashion-we provide experimental evidence of selection from 500 initial targets. The approach allows adaptation over time to best make use of the multimodal communication channel between the human and the system. This general approach is well suited to mobile and wearable applications, shared displays and security conscious settings.

We address the issue 0/ design 0/ architectures and abstractions to implement multimedia scientific manipulation systems in a Concurrent Engineering setting, where experts in a cooperating group communicate and interact to sollJe problems. We propose a model/or the integration of software tools into a multiuser distributed and collaborative environment on the multimedia desktop, and describe a prototype CSCW infrastructure which we hf10lJe used to implement scientific problem sollJing tools. Finally, we briefly describe a prototype CE system built on this infrastructure. SHASTRA presents a unified prototype/or some crucial enabling technologies !o.

Online assessment has always been a challenge to online teaching. Educators have been exploring a variety of methods to perform online assessment. However, it appears that there is not enough work in the field focusing on online synchronous assessment. This paper presents two cases that demonstrate the design and implementation of using web videoconference for synchronous assessment in an educational research methods online course and an instructional video production online course. The purpose of the two cases was to explore whether or with what methods student online learning could be improved through synchronous assessment. Case outcomes were analyzed with nonparametric methods, and the results did show students' improvement in their learning, specifically in their understanding and mastering of factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive knowledge. Methods, procedures, tips and cautions of conducting such videoconference-based synchronous assessment in online courses are discussed.

Online assessment has always been a challenge to online teaching. Educators have been exploring a variety of methods to perform online assessment. However, it appears that there is not enough work in the field focusing on online synchronous assessment. This paper presents two cases that demonstrate the design and implementation of using web videoconference for synchronous assessment in an educational research methods online course and an instructional video production online course. The purpose of the two cases was to explore whether or with what methods student online learning could be improved through synchronous assessment. Case outcomes were analyzed with nonparametric methods, and the results did show students' improvement in their learning, specifically in their understanding and mastering of factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive knowledge. Methods, procedures, tips and cautions of conducting such videoconference-based synchronous assessment in online courses are discussed.

Introduction The Echo file system project had several goals. We explored the use of global naming for all files in a large distributed system; we explored the provision of strong data consistency guarantees in a distributed file system with client caching, and we explored techniques for providing a high availability filestore in a distributed system. The basic technological components needed for a high availability file system are quite well known and understood. A naive designer might think that all he needed to do would be to replicate all the data storage and access paths, arrange for fail-over when a replica breaks and for recovery when a replica is repaired. Then do a competent job of the implementation and everything would be wonderful. The arithmetic looks good: modern disks have mean time to failure of 150,000 hours or better; modern computers have mean time to failure of at least several months. With bugfree software, the entire system would appear to its users to be almost perfectly reliable.System designers have long sought to

This article presents a critique of conventional collaboration transparency systems, also called “application-sharing” systems, which provide the real-time shared use of legacy single-user applications. We find that conventional collaboration transparency systems are inefficient in their use of network resources and lack support for key groupware principles: concurrent work, relaxed WYSIWIS, and group awareness. Next, we present an alternative approach to implementing collaboration transparency that provides many features previously seen only in collaboration-aware applicaitons. Our approach is based on a replicated architecture where selected single-user interface components are dynamically replaced by multiuser versions. The replacement occurs at run-time and is transparent to the single-user application and its developers.. As an instance of this approach, we describe its incorporation into a Java-based collaboration transparency system for serializable, Swing-based Java applicat...

Many computer conferencing systems based on the X Window System have recently emerged. While these systems hold the promise for fostering collaboration among groups of geographically separated individuals, they are, at present, difficult to build because the X programming model does not support conferencing. This paper describes the salient problems that face the designers of X-based shared window systems and provides solutions and implementation principles for addressing the problems. The enumeration of issues and solutions is based on our experiences with XTV-an X-based shared window system we have developed.

John Edward Menges: Concur: An Investigation of Lightweight Migration in Support of Centralized Synchronous Distributed Collaboration. (Under the direction of Kevin Jeffay) Synchronous distributed collaborative systems support simultaneous observation of and interaction with shared objects by multiple, dispersed participants. Centralized architectures for such systems support simple user mental models and are comparatively easy to implement, but they suffer from high latency. Replicated architectures improve latency at the expense of more complex user mental models and implementations. Hybrid and dynamic architectures apply centralized and replicated sub-architectures in an attempt to get the best of both worlds, but in reality they further complicate implementations and user mental models. Concur is an architecture I developed to investigate lightweight migration as an alternative means to attain the best characteristics of centralized and replicated architectures. Previous dynamic architectures improved latency using the migration of heavyweight processes or (object-oriented) objects, which is costly in terms of migration time and runtime requirements. In Concur I have instead organized collaborative applications and supporting infrastructures around migrating entities which are not required to have full process or object semantics. These entities are classified by properties affecting migration, such as their size and their use of external references. In this way I achieved both the simpler user mental models and implementations of centralized systems and the superior latency characteristics of replicated systems. Concur accomplishes this through the fast migration of lightweight entities in a multi-centered centralized system, where a multi-centered system is defined as having single physical center and multiple, independently-migrating and entity-specific logical centers. iii This dissertation also identifies other significant advantages of the Concur architecture. Sub-object, easily-migratable entity classes minimize runtime requirements, facilitating widespread entity distribution. This in turn helps us to achieve the critical mass required for the success of any communication technology. The speed of lightweight entity migration also enables migrations to be triggered based on telegraphed user intentions (user actions that hint at imminent succeeding actions). I have demonstrated that telegraphed intentions are more accurate predictors of future interactions than the recent interaction histories considered in previous systems. Migrating entities based on these telegraphed intentions increases the probability that an entity will be located near a user when he begins to manipulate it.

As personal computing devices become increasingly parallel multiprocessors, the requirements for operating system schedulers change considerably. Future general-purpose machines will need to handle a dynamic, bursty, and interactive mix of parallel programs sharing a ...

Due to the advent of new technologies, devices, and communication tools such as social networking sites, the amount of data produced by mankind is growing rapidly every year. Big data is a collection of large datasets that cannot be processed using traditional computing techniques. MapReduce has been introduced to solve large-data computational problems. It is specifically designed to run on commodity hardware, and it depends on dividing and conquering principles. Nowadays, the focus of researchers has shifted towards Hadoop MapReduce. One of the most outstanding characteristics of MapReduce is data locality-aware scheduling. Data locality-aware scheduler is a further efficient solution to optimize one or a set of performance metrics such as data locality, energy consumption and job completion time. Similar to all situations, time and scheduling are the most important aspects of the MapReduce framework. Therefore, many scheduling algorithms have been proposed in the past decades. Th...

Often collaborative graphical systems lag behind in features with well accepted single-user applications. The frequently used operations of group/ungroup offered by almost every single-user graphical editor have not been considered by the collaborative graphical editing systems. In this paper we present an algorithm for consistency maintenance in collaborative graphical editing dealing not only with simple operations such as create, delete, move, change colour or position, but also with group/ungroup operations. The system relying on this algorithm is customizable, offering three policy modes for dealing with conflict: null-effect based policy, priority based policy and multi-versioning based policy.

Throughout the past decade, the notion of Virtual Reality and its usage technique has influenced research in many application areas including Image Based Rendering, Medical, Military, Virtual health clinic, Simulation, Art, Archaeology, Distributed multimedia information systems, Architecture and more. Real Objects And Movies with Virtual Reality provides an opportunity for readers to clearly understand the notion of Virtual Reality, 3D object modeling and Streaming i postgraduate students, and practitioners, this study aims to gather the recent advances and research findings of various topics in Virtual Reality and its use for different application areas such and movies with VR.

In a competitive environment, companies continuously innovate to offer superior services at lower costs. 'Shared services' have been extensively adopted in practice as one means for improving organisational performance. Shared services is considered most appropriate for support functions, and is widely adopted in Human Resource Management, Finance and Accounting; more recently being employed across the Information Systems function. IS applications and infrastructure are an important enabler and driver of shared services in all functional areas. As computer based corporate information systems have become de facto and the internet pervasive and increasingly the backbone of administrative systems, the technical impediments to sharing have come down dramatically. As this trend continues, CIOs and IT professionals will need a deeper understanding of the shared services phenomenon and its implications. The advent of shared services has consequential implications for the IS academic discipline. Yet, archival analysis of IS the academic literature reveals that shared services, though mentioned in more than 100 articles, has received little in depth attention. This paper is the first attempt to investigate and report on the current status of shared services in the IS literature. The paper presents detailed review of literature from main IS journals and conferences, findings evidencing a lack of focus and definitions and objectives lacking conceptual rigour. The paper concludes with a tentative operational definition, a list of perceived main objectives of shared services, and an agenda for related future research.

This paper proposes using virtual reality to enhance the perception of actions by distant users on a shared application. Here, distance may refer either to space (e.g. in a remote synchronous collaboration) or time (e.g. during playback of recorded actions). Our approach consists in immersing the application in a virtual inhabited 3D space and mimicking user actions by animating avatars. We illustrate this approach with two applications, the one for remote collaboration on a shared application and the other to playback recorded sequences of user actions. We suggest this could be a low cost enhancement for telepresence.

This paper proposes using virtual reality to enhance the perception of actions by distant users on a shared application. Here, distance may refer either to space (eg in a remote synchronous collaboration) or time (eg during playback of recorded actions). Our approach consists in immersing the application in a virtual inhabited 3D space and mimicking user actions by animating avatars whose motion can be either generated from user actions on the shared application or from motion capture by a computer vision system ...

Gestures in collaborative environments can be conveyed by video, at the cost of high bandwidth and one window interface per user. Virtual actors allow low bit rate gesture transmission and display in a single virtual world for several users. We describe a prototype system for 3D-gesture acquisition in real time using a single camera and gesture restitution by avatars in a 3D televirtuality environment to support application sharing.

In Pair Programming-a software development technique that is part of Extreme Programming (XP)-two developers work side by side, on a single computer, to jointly produce an artifact. It has been reported that Pair Programming can be accounted for the development of higher quality software in half the time it required a single programmer. Pair programmers are meant to be collocated since they require continuous and fluid communication. However, the globalization of the software industry and the growth of open source software development are trends that motivate the need to support Distributed Pair Programming. For distributed pair programming to be effective, its support should facilitate not only actually collaborating in pairs, but also the pairing of distributed colleagues in an opportunistic and flexible manner. In this paper we present the COPPER collaborative editor, developed using the Collaborative Spaces Model, to support pair programming during actual collaboration, and for potential collaboration; awareness on the opportunities for collaboration when a distributed colleague is available or working on a file of common interest. We also present the results of an empirical evaluation of the actual collaboration features of the tool. The evaluation considered three different working conditions: pairs collocated sharing a single computer; distributed pairs using application sharing mode; and distributed pairs using collaboration aware facilities. In all three cases the subjects used the COPPER collaborative editor. The results support our hypothesis that distributed pairs could find the same amount of errors as their collocated counterparts. However, no evidence was found that the pairs that used actual collaboration awareness services had better code comprehension, as we had also hypothesized. Overall, according to comments from evaluation participants', COPPER improves Distributed Pair Programming, in subtle but significant ways, by allowing concurrent work and better maintaining awareness on the concurrent actions of the pair, in contrast to collaboration-transparent applications which do not support these features.

The FTSP protocol is used for synchronizing clocks across a set of sensor nodes which are connected to one another over a single-or multi-hop wireless communication channels. In this paper, we investigate the application of model checking technique to verify correctness properties for the FTSP wireless communication protocol. In particular, we consider the FTSP's error-resilient election algorithm and verify the mutual exclusion of the underlying control variables as well as the safety from buffer overflow. We discuss the ...

A detailed market survey in Kenya has assessed the performance of currently available domestic lighting systems, for example, Ž. kerosene 'hurricane' lamps and generally poorly constructed solar lanterns, against end-user expectations. Following this survey, the UK Government's Department for International Development approved a project to design and develop an affordable, reliable and efficient solar lantern, which would provide improved lighting to rural households. This paper provides an overview of the end-user requirements, and corresponding lantern design features. The suitability of three commercially available alternative battery technologies, Ž. viz., nickel y metal-hydride, nickely cadmium, and valve-regulated lead y acid VRLA , for use in this PV application are discussed. Finally, improvements to the VRLA batteries are proposed, which would further enhance their cycle-life and reduce the energy cost per cycle.

Aesthetics of web page refers to how attractive a web page is in which it catches the attention of the user to read through the information. In addition, the visual appearance is important in getting attentions of the users. Moreover, it was found that those screens, which were perceived as aesthetically pleasing, were having a better usability. Usability might be a strong basic in relating to the applicability for learning, and in this study pertaining to Mandarin learning. It was also found that aesthetically pleasing layouts of web page would motivate students in Mandarin learning The Mandarin Learning web pages were manipulated according to the desired aesthetic measurements. GUI aesthetic measuring method was used for this purpose. The Aesthetics-Measurement Application (AMA) accomplished with six aesthetic measures was developed and used. On top of it, questionnaires were distributed to the users to gather information on the students' perceptions on the aesthetic aspects and learning aspects. Respondents for this study were students taking Mandarin course level I at UiTM Terengganu. A significant correlation of the aesthetic aspect was found with its relevance to Mandarin learning. In summary, aesthetics should not be ignored or overlooked in designing effective learning interfaces for educational purposes.

The combination of Data warehousing and data analysis techniques such as OLAP (Online Analytic Processing) and data mining through the Hadoop framework is an innovative way to treat large volumes of data. However, this way poses serious scheduling and combining tasks issues that bring more challenges. In this paper, we propose strategies to answer these questions, namely parallel OLAM (Online Analytic Mining) MapReduce Operators and a Reactive Scheduling Policy. OLAM MapReduce Operators divide jobs into two parts, the first includes all the operators that are used to create an OLAM CUBE and the second includes those who exploit the cube by data mining algorithms. The proposed policy coordinates the workflow generated by these operators, relying on model-based events. Our simulation experience shows that our strategy has a cumulative force that it reduces the execution time of the entire cluster at each request.

The combination of Data warehousing and data analysis techniques such as OLAP (Online Analytic Processing) and data mining through the Hadoop framework is an innovative way to treat large volumes of data. However, this way poses serious scheduling and combining tasks issues that bring more challenges. In this paper, we propose strategies to answer these questions, namely parallel OLAM (Online Analytic Mining) MapReduce Operators and a Reactive Scheduling Policy. OLAM MapReduce Operators divide jobs into two parts, the first includes all the operators that are used to create an OLAM CUBE and the second includes those who exploit the cube by data mining algorithms. The proposed policy coordinates the workflow generated by these operators, relying on model-based events. Our simulation experience shows that our strategy has a cumulative force that it reduces the execution time of the entire cluster at each request.

In the present, the trend of local engineering team work to become global and the trend of developing products in a distributed fashion are of great interest for the industry. The organizational aspects of doing distributed engineering are presented in both trends. Two aspects that are fundamental in the organization of distributed work are the cultural and the technological ones. This paper deals mainly with those aspects and presents some advising on how to overcome the challenges when organizing distributed teams for international engineering projects.

Although pair programming is becoming more prevalent in software development, and a number of reports have been written about it [4] [6], few have addressed the manner in which pairing actually takes place [5]. Even fewer consider the methods employed to manage issues such as role change or the communication of complex issues. Here we contribute by highlighting the way resources designed for individuals are re-appropriated and augmented to facilitate pair collaboration Categories and Subject Descriptors Programming techniques, computing methodologies.

Data center required to guarantee high availability of service to users. Recently, most data center use virtualization technologies to provides high availibility service. The virtualization technology allow a physical server to be virtualized into multiple virtual servers. This virtual server is logically working separately although physically located on the same hardware. When several virtual servers are created and they have heavy workload, server with limited resources must able to manage the use of resource among vitual server. We propose a memory resource sharing among virtual machine in order to achieve high availibility services. A virtual server that has an overload can get memory resources from another virtual server that has less workload and it has memory unused. In addition, the virtual server can also use the Hardware Node RAM unused in case that all virtual servers have heavy workload and exeperince memory exhaust. Thus, high availibility services can be achieved.

Data center required to guarantee high availability of service to users. Recently, most data center use virtualization technologies to provides high availibility service. The virtualization technology allow a physical server to be virtualized into multiple virtual servers. This virtual server is logically working separately although physically located on the same hardware. When several virtual servers are created and they have heavy workload, server with limited resources must able to manage the use of resource among vitual server. We propose a memory resource sharing among virtual machine in order to achieve high availibility services. A virtual server that has an overload can get memory resources from another virtual server that has less workload and it has memory unused. In addition, the virtual server can also use the Hardware Node RAM unused in case that all virtual servers have heavy workload and exeperince memory exhaust. Thus, high availibility services can be achieved.