Alternative Energy and Sustainable Living

Plastic waste is an inorganic waste composed of chemicals that are harmful to the environment because it is not easy to decompose in the soil and requires decades to decompose. Therefore, it needs to do further processing by converting waste plastics into valuable products. This study aims to implement the pyrolysis technology to convert waste plastics into fuel oil which can be used as an energy source for small and medium enterprise. This technology has been applied in Bank Sampah Mekar Jaya 8, one of the recycling bank in Bantul Regency. This system is expected to empower the community for getting added value from waste plastics. The pyrolysis reactor was made with a production capacity of 20 kg. The reactor has a diameter of 600 mm and height of 900 mm with 2 main holes used to feed waste plastics and remove the residue. The system used 2 condensers which has a diameter of 100 mm respectively. The second condenser employed double pipe heat exchanger system which use water as a c...

In Indonesia, plastic waste has become an important problem at this time, because it causes environmental pollution problems. With this, further action is needed regarding the treatment of waste utilization, one of which is by converting waste into liquid fuel. Some types of rubbish that we often encounter are plastic bottles such as plastic cups, plastic bottle caps, children's toys and margarines and others, which is one of the types of PP (polypropylene) waste. The development of current plastic waste treatment technology is to convert plastic waste into fuel oil by utilizing plastic waste to be processed as plastic fuels such as premium fuel, diesel and kerosene. Polypropylene type plastic is the type of plastic that is most widely used in daily life because it has good mechanical properties with low density, heat and moisture resistance, and has good dimensional stability. Some of the technology used to convert plastic waste, among others, by using the method of high temper...

This research work seeks to design and develop an oxyhydrogen generator for HHO gas production. Key parameters considered in this study include electrode area, electrodes spacing, electrode surface conditioning, and electrode configuration as well as the efficiency of the generator. The constructed generator consisted of 26 plates made up of 3 anodes, 3 cathodes and 20 neutral plates with each having dimension of 10cm x 10 cm. The adjacent plates was spaced at a distance of 2 mm. The efficiency of the constructed generator was evaluated using0.01 M-0.03 M strengths of KOH at a constant voltage of 13 V. The Results showed an optimum efficiency of 11.9 % when the HHO generator was run using 0.02 M KOH at 13 V for 1 hour.

Tea processing in key producing countries such as Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Rwanda remains heavily reliant on wood fuel, particularly for withering and drying stages. Wood fuel poses significant sustainability challenges despite its widespread use, including deforestation, low energy efficiency, and rising production costs. In Rwanda, where tea is a major export commodity, the inefficient use of wood fuel in processing factories presents both environmental and economic concerns. This study provides a comparative assessment of wood fuel consumption in three anonymized tea factories designated as Factory A, Factory B, and Factory C located across different regions of Rwanda. Ethical protocols were followed, with factory identities withheld and informed consent obtained. April 2024 and August 2024 were selected as representative months for the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Primary data on wood usage and made tea output were collected, and energy efficiency was calculated in kilograms of made tea per cubic meter of firewood consumed. Fuel costs were standardized using a rate of 28,000 Rwandan Francs (RWF) per sterre (1 m³), as informed by national benchmarks. Results revealed marked disparities in wood fuel efficiency across factories and seasons. Factory A demonstrated the most significant seasonal improvement, reducing wood consumption from 1.63 kg per kilogram of made tea in April to 1.17 kg in August-equating to an increase in fuel efficiency from 338 to 469 kg/m³. In contrast, Factory C showed limited gains, maintaining high fuel usage even in the dry season, leading to increased operational costs. These findings align with prior research emphasizing the variability of energy efficiency across processing sites. This study highlights critical opportunities for enhancing energy efficiency, reducing costs, and advancing environmental sustainability in Rwanda's tea sector. The findings support calls for cleaner energy transitions and investment in efficient biomass technologies.

The escalating demand for sustainable, decentralized power solutions for low-power electronic devices necessitates innovative energy harvesting technologies. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the **Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG)**, a groundbreaking compact device engineered for the efficient conversion of ambient kinetic energy into usable electrical power. The fundamental operational principles, primarily predicated on the **triboelectric effect** and **electrostatic induction**, are meticulously detailed. The critical role of integrated power conditioning circuitry (e.g., bridge rectifiers and capacitors) in producing a stable direct current (DC) output is also addressed. Proposed applications extensively cover self-powered autonomous sensors, versatile wearable electronics, and resilient emergency power systems, underscoring the TENG's transformative potential for fostering decentralized energy ecosystems and substantially reducing reliance on conventional battery chemistries. This investigation positions the TENG as a significant advancement towards a more resilient and environmentally sustainable technological infrastructure.

This paper explores the fundamental principles and conceptual applications of piezoelectric energy harvesting as a viable solution for converting ambient mechanical motion into usable electrical energy. Addressing the growing demand for decentralized and sustainable power sources, particularly for low-power electronic devices, this research details the electromechanical coupling inherent in piezoelectric materials. Conceptual designs for ambient

This research paper presents a comprehensive examination of electromagnetic induction, a fundamental principle of classical electromagnetism, through the lens of a standard laboratory demonstration. Employing a conductive coil, a permanent magnet, and a galvanometer,

Imagine a world where your everyday waste doesn't just disappear into landfills but transforms into valuable energy and fertilizer. That's the power of Anaerobic Digestion (AD), a remarkable biological process at the heart of sustainable waste management and renewable energy generation. This post dives deep into how AD works, explores its incredible impact on our environment and communities, and highlights some amazing local innovations right here in Sandakan, Malaysia: the Micro Biogas Digester, Mini Biogas Digester, and Household Biogas Digester. By turning everything from human waste and kitchen scraps into biogas and nutrient-rich fertilizer, these

Pirolisis adalah sebuah metode daur ulang yang digunakan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dari sampah plastik di Indonesia. Disini, karakteristik dari produk pirolisis sampah plastic jenis Low Density Poli Etilena (LDPE) telah diteliti lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu tinggal (residence time) pada rendemen dan properti produk cair (minyak pirolisis), gas (non-condensable gas), dan padatan (arang). Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan reactor batch skala kecil yang dilengkapi dengan sebuah siklon, kondensor, steam-atomizing burner, dan sistem flare. Pirolisis dilakukan dalam waktu 30, 60, dan 90 menit pada suhu 3500C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu tinggal akan menghasilkan jumlah minyak dan gas yang lebih besar, namun menghasilkan arang yang lebih kecil. Produk minyak tersebut memiliki sifat fisik yang mendekati kerosene dengan nilai kalor  20.019–20.047 BTU/lb, massa jenis 0.7754–0.7802 g/ml, viskositas kinematik 1...

This abstract delves into the captivating synergy between mechanical input and electrical output within the context of **DIY generators**, specifically re-examining the often-misunderstood contribution of **torque** to voltage generation. While conventional understanding correctly attributes induced **voltage** to the principles of **electromagnetic induction**—where conductor velocity through a magnetic field is paramount—this paper posits that torque's influence extends far beyond mere rotational initiation.

Far from being a passive enabler, torque emerges as an **indispensable, active participant** in optimizing generator performance. It doesn't directly conjure voltage, but its resolute force is critical for two pivotal functions: firstly, it acts as the steadfast counter to the resistive forces (**counter-torque**) that inevitably arise when a generator is placed under an electrical load, thereby ensuring the maintenance of consistent and efficient rotational speeds. Secondly, and perhaps more profoundly, the application of robust torque directly facilitates the attainment of higher, sustained rotational velocities, which, in turn, directly and proportionally amplifies the induced voltage.

This nuanced perspective reframes torque as a **foundational determinant** in the practical realization of a DIY generator's electrical potential. Whether harnessing the whimsical whisper of wind, the persistent gush of water, or the sheer grit of human endeavor, a profound comprehension of this dynamic interplay between applied torque and ultimate voltage output is not just academically stimulating but absolutely vital for anyone aspiring to engineer truly effective and reliable self-sufficient power systems. This investigation passionately argues for a more integrated approach to generator design, where the often-overlooked mechanical vigor of torque is celebrated as much as the visible electrical spark.

The article "Hand Crank Generators: Your Guide to a Reliable Power Source" discusses the advantages and applications of hand crank generators. It explains that these devices convert mechanical energy from human effort into electrical energy, providing a sustainable and cost-effective power source, particularly useful during emergencies or in remote locations. Key benefits highlighted include their renewable nature, suitability for emergency preparedness, affordability, portability, and educational value. The article also outlines various uses such as charging devices, emergency lighting, and powering outdoor activities. Features like all-steel motors for durability and super capacitors for consistent power output are also mentioned.

The article "Turning Waste into Wattage: The Potential of Human Waste for Generating Electricity" explores sustainable methods of generating electricity from human waste. It focuses on two primary technologies: anaerobic digestion, which produces biogas (methane and carbon dioxide) that can be used for electricity generation, heating, vehicle fuel, or fuel cells; and microbial fuel cells, which directly generate electricity using bacteria. The article highlights that these technologies offer benefits for both waste management and renewable energy, especially in rural or off-grid areas, promoting resource efficiency and reducing environmental impact.

Plastik merupakan salah satu material yang paling sering digunakan. Dimana konsumsi plastik secara berkelanjutan mengalami kenaikan hingga 4,8 juta ton akibat dari peningkatan produksi dan sampah plastik. Penanganan sampah plastik tersebut dapat diubah menjadi bahan bakar dengan proses pirolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur terhadap yield dan nilai kalor. Pirolisis sampah plastik ini dilakukan dengan bahan plastik LDPE. Proses pirolisis dijalankan di dalam reaktor dengan umpan 50 gram pada variasi temperatur 500, 550, 600 dan 650? C.  Nilai kalor liquid produk hasil pirolisis LDPE mendekati nilai kalor kerosene.  Kata Kunci:  plastik, pirolisis, nilai kalor, yield, temperatur

Limbah plastik menjadi ancaman serius bagi lingkungan tempat kita tinggal. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk meminimalisasi jumlah sampah plastik yang kian hari kian meningkat. Plastik polypropylene merupakan salah satu jenis limbah plastik yang menyumbang angka yang tertinggi. Penelitian tentang pengolahan plastik menjadi minyak dengan proses pirolisis dicanangkan guna mencari parameter terbaik. Salah satu proses yang penting dalam pengolahan plastik menjadi minyak yaitu kondensasi. Dengan metode true experimental sehingga didapat parameter kondensasi efektif guna memaksimalkan pirolisis plastik polypropylene. Plastik polypropylene seberat 250 gram, temperatur pemanasan 400°C, waktu pemanasan 90 menit, arah aliran air pendinginan kondensasi counter flow, serta variasi debit aliran 1 liter/menit, 4 liter/menit, dan 7 liter/menit. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapat semakin tinggi debit aliran air pendinginan pada kondensor tipe double tube, semakin banyak volum minyak hasil pirolisis. Se...

The demand for energy to satisfy human, social and economic needs is increasing. Renewable energy is regarded today as one of the most efficient and effective solutions to environmental challenges, and a catalyst to sustainable development through its impact on human development and economic productivity.Sustainable Development Goal Seven seeks to ensure that by 2030, clean energy is affordable, available and accessible to all. This goal can be achieved through renewable energy technology. However, a large supply of Nigeria's energy is supplied by fossil fuels and biomass (Bamgbopa et al., 2019), with over 80 per cent consumption met by petroleum as at 2017(Akorede et al., 2017). As such, replacing fossil fuelbased energy sources with renewable energy sources, which include bio energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, hydropower, and wind energy, has been regarded as a prerequisite to sustainable development (Owusu&Asumodu-Sarkodie, 2016). Interestingly, the Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) noted that renewable energy resources' contribution to the total energy production in Nigeria was 13% in 2010 and is targeted to increase by 36% by 2030 (ECN, 2013). Nigeria is richly endowed with solar power; hence solar energy is a viable alternative source of energy. Given the high projections for renewable energy in Nigeria, what are the potentials of solar energy in improving energy efficiency in Nigeria and what are the challenges facing the deployment of solar energy technology? Purpose of Research: The study seeks to examine the potential benefits of solar energy towards energy efficiency and the challenges of achieving energy efficiency through renewable energy technologies in Nigeria. Method: The qualitative research method was adopted for the study. Secondary data sources including books, policy documents and peer-reviewed journal articles were examined through critical reading and content analysis. Findings: This study sheds more light on several benefits associated with renewable energy technologies, such as reduction in recurrent fuel and electricity costs, climate change mitigation, lower greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, more employment and investment opportunities, diversification of energy supply and reduction of the dependence on imported fuels, among others Nevertheless, there are limitations toward achieving these goals. A number of barriers hindering the development of renewable energy technology in Nigeria are also identified. These include political and regulatory barriers, financial and economic barriers, technical barriers, socio-cultural barriers, market-related barriers, geographical and ecological barriers. Study implication: Evidently, proactive implementation of relevant aspects of the 2015 National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP) becomes necessary, in view of current realities. Public/private partnerships (PPP) must also be initiated for significant investment in renewable energy technology. Research efforts should advance the pursuit of clean energy resources and technology in Nigeria,

В статье проведена оценка потенциала солнечной энергии для установки фотоэлектрических
панелей на крышах зданий города Душанбе. На основе спутниковых данных и с использованием программного обеспечения ArcGIS выполнен анализ доступного потенциала солнечной энергии на городских крышах. Представленные результаты расчетов технического потенциала могут быть применены при планировании и установке солнечных фотоэлектрических систем. Выяснено, что пригодная
площадь крыш обеспечивает суммарную мощность около 310 МВтₚ, а ожидаемый годовой объём вырабатываемой электроэнергии составляет 447 ГВт·ч, что примерно соответствует 14% от общего
объема потребления электроэнергии города в 2023 году.

The overall objective of this paper is to design an innovative integrated system that utilizes renewable energy, in the form of solar and wind sources, to produce four useful outputs at the same time. Electricity, hydrogen, freshwater, and cooling, all customized to address community demands. The system also has a thermal energy storage solution in the form of paraffine wax, making it more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. The novel feature of this multigeneration system is its sole dependence on renewable energy sources for all the outputs, making it different from other designs and giving a sustainable means of attaining net-zero carbon emissions. An extensive analysis of the system is performed using both energy and energy principles to analyze its performance based on the evaluation of energy and energy efficiencies.

The focus of the study was a bacterio-chemical analysis of hand-dug wells in New Haven, Enugu State Nigeria. Three wells, W1, W2, and W3 were randomly selected for the study. The method adopted for the selection of the wells was a simple random sampling. A total of 180 water samples from the wells were analyzed for metals and enteric bacteria. The enteric bacteria were identified using Gram reaction, lactose fermentation, indole, and catalase, oxidase, Voges-Proskauer procedures. The metal concentrations were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The result of the study showed that the average concentrations of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and lead were within the permitted limits stipulated by WHO and The Federal Republic of Nigeria. Bacteria identified were Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Salmonella . It was concluded that water from the wells in New Haven, Enugu State Nigeria should be treated before they can be used for drinking and other domestic uses.

This paper presents the design of a fixed bed reactor pyrolysis to convert plastic waste type LDPE into condensate oil. The dimensions of the batch type pyrolysis reactor are adapted to household needs and are designed to be easy to operate and transport. From the results at three different pyrolysis temperature variations; 250 oC, 275 oC and 300 oC shows that reactor yields a maximum condensate oil of 45,3wt% at temperature of 300 oC. In addition, the weight of charcoal also decreased along with the increase in operating temperature.

Sustainable energy generation is major need in the current scenario. Electricity demand is drastically increasing with development and modernization. Power generation using gravitational force is a way to fulfil this demand. Galaxy, stars, planets, asteroids, meteors, etc. are the elements of universe with gravitational force being common in them. This paper explains how energy can be produced using the gravitational force of the earth, without using any external fuel. Sprocket, chain and weights are the mechanical components which provide input for the generation of power. Once the weights are attached at a particular distance, weight of the chain increases on one side than that of other, which in turn rotates the chain sprocket assembly continuously. This assembly is connected to the generator and then to the battery which generates electricity without any interruption.

Many people have smartphones or tablet PCs nowadays; therefore, the application world has been enlarging with unpredictable speed. So, it can be used to raise awareness among people about living greener. Application developers have discovered that demand and create some useful and intuitive applications for mobile devices. The market share of smartphones in the U.S. is now reported to be more than 40%. Smartphones are proliferating around the world, and along with them, green apps are rising. Ecoapps can help people make their energy consumption more efficient and lower. Ecologically oriented apps are organized around a number of categories, including transportation, education, energy, consumer information, air and water quality, food, visualizations, and chemicals. In this study, these applications have been detected through Google Play Store and AppStorefor both iOS and Android devices and information gathered about their aim, use, and rates on stores.

Penggunaan bahan bakar saat ini semakin meningkat, juga bertambahnya sampah plastik yang semakin banyak yang berasal dari sampah rumah tangga maupun industri. Perlunya pengolahan sampah plastik untuk mengurangi volume sampah sangat perlu dilakukan. Salah satu jenis sampah plastik yaitu jenis polyprophylene. Sampah plastik jenis polypropylene ini adalah jenis sampah yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar alternative dalam jenis solar, bensin, dan kerosin. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan merancangan alat pengubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar dengan menggunakan metode pirolisis. Jenis metode penelitian ini adalah metode perancangan dan pengambangan dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Perancangan alat dibuat dengan memiliki satu tangki sebagai tempat pemanasan plastik, dan memiliki saluran pendingin untuk mengubah gas yang akan dihasilkan menjadi cair. Tangki reaktor berbahan besi untuk tahan pemanasan 300oC- 500oC. Dalam desain juga memiliki pengukur temperatur suhu maksimal 500oC dan pengukur tekanan maksimal 2,5 bar (0,25 mPa). Saluran digunakan untuk menyalurkan uap panas hasil pirolisis ke dalam filtrat dan dilakukan kondensasi. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam usulan ini adalah bahan bakar minyak.

Urban regions consume approximately 65% of all energy produced and emit 70% of the CO2 to the environment. Buildings, specifically, consume approximately 40% of energy in developed countries and emit nearly 40% of CO2. Most of this energy is used for heating, cooling, and lighting end uses. Since approximately half of building energy use is attributed to residential buildings in the U.S., improving their energy efficiency will help to reduce energy use substantially, as well as benefit households through reduced energy costs. However, little effort has focused on understanding how energy efficiency investments are made, particularly across different socioeconomic groups. Using data for residential buildings in Cedar Falls, Iowa, including energy efficiency investment data for a utility rebate program, assessors data, and U.S. Census data, residential energy efficiency investments are studied in three stages using different subdivisions of the datasets through multistage sampling analysis. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis are used to study household investment behavior in (Stage 1) the overall dataset for the city, (Stage 2) the lowest and highest income census tracts, and (Stage 3) a subset of similar housing units in the lowest and highest income census tracts. Specifically, energy efficiency investments in efficient lighting, air conditioners, furnaces, and insulation are studied. Overall, for residential buildings in this region, efficient lighting was the most invested in technology, followed by air conditioners and furnaces, and finally, insulation. If grouping air conditioners and furnaces together, HVAC systems are the most common investment. Interestingly, air conditioners and furnaces are, by far, the most expensive technology to invest in, compared to most other energy efficient technologies used in homes, yet they are among the most common types of investments. They also appear to be an entry point to investing in energy Overall, for residential buildings in this region, efficient lighting was the most invested in technology, followed by air conditioners and furnaces, and finally, insulation. If grouping air conditioners and furnaces together, HVAC systems are the most common investment. Interestingly, air conditioners and furnaces are, by far, the most expensive technology to invest in, compared to most other energy efficient technologies used in homes, yet they are among the most common types of investments. They also appear to be an entry point to investing in energy. For the study of efficiency investments in housing units in the lowest and highest income tracts, overall, there were more efficiency investments per housing unit and in total in the high-income areas as compared to the lower-income areas. There were also differences in the type of investments. The higher income tract prioritized efficient lighting and HVAC systems as investments, similar to the overall dataset, while the lower-income tract invested most in HVAC systems followed by insulation. Some of this variation in the type of investment may be because the lower-income areas generally include older housing units, which may not be built to the modern energy code requirements. Insulation investments are also generally lower in cost compared to HVAC systems, which may be a more feasible investment for low-income households. Correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results suggest two main findings. First, the cooling capacity of the air conditioners invested is most driven by housing age for the lower-income housing units and correlated most, but to a lesser extent, with housing size for the higher- income housing units. Second is that lower-income household's investment was higher proportional to cooling capacity and efficiency, thus resulting in higher rebate amounts as compared to the higher-income households, which have lower correlations with all variables. In other words, for the housing units that made investments in the lower-income regions, they invested more money in higher efficiency systems, as compared to the higher income regions who made more investments in the characteristics of the air conditioner chosen and the associated rebatewere not significant factors that influenced such investments. This suggests that the policies developed for rebate programs more strongly influence lower-income households, which have less available monetary resources to make investments. Holding age and size of the housing unit constant in the highest and lowest income tracts (Stage 3), correlation analysis for air conditioner investments also shows that lower-income households investment is more strongly associated with efficiency compared to the higher-income households, meaning lower-income households made higher investments to increase the air conditioners efficiency. These findings highlight the importance of policies and incentive programs that focus on low income and high-income housing units and the variations in investment behavior. This research can help to improve these programs through a better understanding of types, quantities, and influential factors impacting varied income levels differently.

Sistem pengubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak adalah proses pengubah plastik dengan cara proses pyrolisis agar menjadi cairan yang nantinya akan menjadi bahan bakar minyak (bbm). Pembuatan alat ini bertujuan untuk mengkonversi limbah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak (bbm), mengetahui proses pengolahan sampah plastik dan mengetahui karakteristik bahan bakar yang dihasilkan oleh sampah plastik. rancang bangun alat pengubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak (bbm) terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu tahap persiapan berupa studi literatur dan membuat daftar bahan-bahan dan peralatan yang dibutuhkan dalam rancang bangun alatpengubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak (bbm). Tahap selanjutnya dilakukan proses fabrikasi alat, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan terhadap hasil rancangan alat pengubah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar minyak (bbm) kemudian melakukan uji fungsional. Dari hasil test labarotorium, minyak plastic yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini mempunya...

In Indonesia, plastic waste has become an important problem at this time, because it causes environmental pollution problems. With this, further action is needed regarding the treatment of waste utilization, one of which is by converting waste into liquid fuel. Some types of rubbish that we often encounter are plastic bottles such as plastic cups, plastic bottle caps, children's toys and margarines and others, which is one of the types of PP (polypropylene) waste. The development of current plastic waste treatment technology is to convert plastic waste into fuel oil by utilizing plastic waste to be processed as plastic fuels such as premium fuel, diesel and kerosene. Polypropylene type plastic is the type of plastic that is most widely used in daily life because it has good mechanical properties with low density, heat and moisture resistance, and has good dimensional stability. Some of the technology used to convert plastic waste, among others, by using the method of high temper...

The most popular of handling plastic waste up to now is with the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Hence the need for an innovation to reduce pollution resulting from plastic waste. One alternative way of handling plastic waste is to convert it into fuel or also called plastic pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the process of chemical decomposition of organic matter by heating without or little oxygen where the raw material will break the chemical structure into a gas phase. In this research, the design of plastic waste pyrolysis tool using thermal cracking method with infrared heating element. The raw materials used are Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Polypropylene’s types plastic and the temperature that used in the reactor are 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C. The control variables are plastic waste mass, operating time, and pressure in the reactor. Of research results obtained in most product volume temperature 350C as much as 68 ml plastic bins for Low Density Polyethylene with %yield of 6....

Plastic is a polymer compound that has a long chain of carbon and has a nonbiodegradable (un biodegradable) nature. Therefore plastic waste is the dominance of the problems in Indonesia occupying the second rank at the world level as a country producing plastic waste that is discharged into the sea. This plastic waste processing machine into fuel oil can be a solution in handling the problem of plastic waste. In the design of the pyrolysis device, it is designed in such a way that it is more efficient, simple and utilizes natural energy as a heat source for converting plastic waste. In the design of pyrolysis tools, the design and explanation of products, concepts, design shapes, and detailed design of this design refers to the method of designing Pahl and Beitz in the design of pyrolysis tools. In the design of pyrolysis tool design, the result is the time to convert 100 kg of plastic for 4.1 hours, the furnace raw material needed to convert 100 kg of plastic requires 40 kg of iron...

The quality of information available to medical practitioners when delivering treatment to patients influences the outcome of service delivery. In the healthcare industry, health information technology has been shown to improve patient safety and treatment quality. The purpose of this research is to identify the facilitators and hurdles to the deployment of an electronic records management system at NDUTH, Okolobiri. For this study, a descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The stratified random sample was taken from the 204 staff members that participated in the survey at NDUTH Okolobiri. Telephone interviews were also conducted with a small number of hospital staff who had deployed the electronic records system. According to the findings, the majority of participants (51.0%) were female, with an average age of 37(SD+9.0) years. The respondents' overall understanding of electronic records management systems was 45.9%. The overall implementation rate was 22.8%. The study's facilitators were leadership support along with the availability of ICT equipment, whereas the barriers were funding, a lack of power, insufficient ICT infrastructures, administrative challenges, poor staff compliance, a lack of government support, and poor maintenance of software and ICT equipment. The findings indicate that www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/csm

With the close of 2020 unprecedented year, a year like no other, Nigerians is still reeling from the impacts of an emerging, rapidly and evolving COVID-19 pandemic, while the spring continue to unfolded. COVID-19 was considered a “deaths of despair” with an opioid crisis and realizing that humanity is in for a long haul with COVID-19, itself may be a game changer. If we expected COVID-19 to be short lived, we have been remarkably, if not catastrophically, disappointed. As many people were already feeling significantly stressed, and where depression was increasing risks of overdoses and suicide. From time immemorial, humankind have suffered the psychological effects of various catastrophes, such as wars, floods, famines, wildfires, earthquakes, windstorms and last but certainly not least, the possibility of outbreaks of potentially deadly infectious diseases. Hence, these zoonosis diseases, result from pathogens being transmitted from animals to humans. To protect ourselves from zoon...

It is estimated that at least 600 million people in Africa lack access to electricity and three out of five people don’t have access to electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Though Africa is rich in a wide range of energy resources including solar, bio, natural gas, oil, coal and Uranium, the continent is far from energy self-sufficiency. Addressing climate change will require deep and quick reductions in fossil fuel use so that the systems developed around producing, transporting, and consuming energy are decarbonized by the middle of the century. In the ongoing age, sustainable power source has taken another swing to limelight on the planet, particularly in developed and emerging nations, as it assumes a noteworthy part both in economy and the general job of the world. Significantly, Nigeria an oil-rich country, comes as no surprise that almost all of her energy consumption comes from non-renewable energy sources as coal, natural gas and oil, and as such it is highly vulnerable to sh...

Hydrogen, a zero-emission fuel and the universal energy vector, can be easily produced from many different energy sources. It is a storable, transportable product that can be used on demand to overcome supply and demand imbalances. As of today, most of the hydrogen produced comes from natural gas; the production process itself is in fact not so pollution free. As the world is looking for a low carbon future, researchers have therefore been looking for more sustainable, environmentally friendly pathways of hydrogen production by using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. Among the different methods, water electrolysis is a conventional and promising method of hydrogen production if renewable energy sources are to be employed in the process. Lots of progress has been made over the past few years in extending the use of hydrogen in different sectors. This perspective article briefly covers the recent developments in the hydrogen fuel-based projects and technologies and provides a description of the advantages of employing renewable energy sources for sustainable hydrogen production.

Hydrogen, a zero-emission fuel and the universal energy vector, can be easily produced from many different energy sources. It is a storable, transportable product that can be used on demand to overcome supply and demand imbalances. As of today, most of the hydrogen produced comes from natural gas; the production process itself is in fact not so pollution free. As the world is looking for a low carbon future, researchers have therefore been looking for more sustainable, environmentally friendly pathways of hydrogen production by using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. Among the different methods, water electrolysis is a conventional and promising method of hydrogen production if renewable energy sources are to be employed in the process. Lots of progress has been made over the past few years in extending the use of hydrogen in different sectors. This perspective article briefly covers the recent developments in the hydrogen fuel-based projects and technologies and prov...

creating weather data for AC design, a method to create the design weather data using two weather indices for Osaka, Japan with consideration of the simultaneous occurrence and continuous occurrence of each weather element is shown in this paper. In addition, peak hourly thermal loads of a simulation building were evaluated through these created weather data and weather data created using the TAC method. It showed that the weather data created using the TAC method and the mean daily enthalpy as the first index may lead to an overestimation in heating design. The weather data created using the TAC method and the mean daily dry-bulb temperature as the first index may lead to an overestimation in cooling design.

The unavailability of safe running water is a major problem faced by many residents of rural Jamaica; the use of unsafe drinking water for domestic purposes is also a major public health challenge in developing countries due its contribution to the global burden of disease reported annually. The aim of the research was to assess the microbiological and physiochemical quality parameters of non-municipal drinking water from springs and tributaries within the Blue and John Crow mountains. The study methodology used was sampling through field work and laboratory testing for microbiological water quality parameters using standard procedures. The research is a cross-sectional survey that was conducted over a seven-month period. Fourteen samples of water were collected from the water sources and in the homes of the residents. Five water parameters were assessed against national and internal water quality index. In one hundred percent of the samples the total coliforms levels exceeded the e...

Solar e-rickshaw is a new means of transport and advanced technology that blends solar energy with mechanics. In simple words, a solar e-rickshaw is a three-wheeler powered by solar energy, suitable for short distances (Mulhall et al., 2010). Solar-powered e-rickshaws can support the daily operations of the drivers, helping them overcome range restrictions and make more money as they can avoid charge-wait periods during work hours. These solar e-rickshaws are also clean, environment friendly, sustainable energy. This study aimed to identify the lack of knowledge due to communication gaps in spreading awareness regarding advantages of solar e-rickshaw, which has led to less usage of e-solar rickshaws that has the potential to enhance the performance and energy efficiency for achieving environmentally sustainable transportation. This study is with special reference to Gurugram city in India. The methodology used for this study is in-depth interviews using semi-structured questionnaire and purposive sampling. The outcome of the study indicates that measures are needed to communicate and educate the e-rickshaw drivers and owners on its solar version and its benefits, for the solar e-rickshaw to come to mass use and acceptance.

A morphology-controlled ion exchange route has been investigated for the preparation of Copper Nitroprusside (CNP) nanosheet. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as capping agent. The effect of PVP concentration during synthesis was also studied which provides a local control over the morphology of CNP nanosheet to produce an ultrathin CNP nanosheet. Effect of PVP concentration in crystal growth and mechanism has been established. Cyclic voltammogram shows that oxygen evolution reaction (OER) onset potential for CNP nanosheet was found to be 1.45 V with a measured current density of 26 mA/cm 2. Linear sweep Voltammetry test has also been conducted to analyze the electrocatalytic OER performance. Anodic slope of Tafel plot establishes higher OER performance of CNP nanosheet than commercial RuO 2. CNP nanosheets was found to be cheap and efficient eletrocatalyst for water splitting reaction. Voltammetric current density has also been expressed as a function of average thickness of nanosheets.

Penelitihan bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan sampah plastik jenis polyetylane (PET), polypropylene (PP) dan polistirene (PS) menjadi bahan bakar cair dengan proses pirolisis, saat ini khususnya di Surabaya banyak sekali sampah, 13%-14% berjenis plastik. hasil sampel dari penelitian ini adalah membedakan temperatur uap yang masuk ke dalam kondensor dan juga temperatur air dalam kondensor, yang nantinya akan di uji bahwa minyak dari plastik tersebut mendekati jenis premium. Hasil penelitian ini di dapatkan bahwa suhu optimum untuk mendapatkan hasil yang banyak dalam 1 kg plastik jenis Polyetylane (PET) adalah dengan suhu uap 142°C dan waktu 90 menit, sedangkan plastik jenis Polypropylene (PP) dengan suhu uap 180°C dan plastik jenis Polistiren (PS) dengan suhu uap 100°C dan suhu kondensor yaitu 15°C. jumlah minyak yang dihasilkan plastik jenis Polyetylane (PET) dalam suhu tersebut yaitu 40 mL sedangkan plastik jenis Polypropylene (PP) jumlah minyak yang di hasilkan yaitu 100 mL dan plastik jenis Polystyrene (PS) ini dapat menghasilkan minyak dengan jumlah yaitu 20 mL hasil ini berarti bernilai 75% dari berat plastik yang telah di proses. Sedangkan untuk hasil dari minyak ini adalah mendekati jenis premium.

The research aims to utilize polyethylene (PET), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) plastic waste into liquid fuel by the pyrolysis process, currently, especially in Surabaya, a lot of waste, 13% - 14% is plastic. The results of the sample from this study are to distinguish the temperature of the steam entering the condenser and also the temperature of the water in the condenser. And what will later be tested is that the oil from the plastic is close to the type of gasoline or diesel. The results of this study found that the optimum temperature to get a lot of results in 1 kg of plastic type Polyethylene (PET) is with a steam temperature of 142°C and a time of 90 minutes, while the type of plastic Polypropylene (PP) with a vapor temperature of 180°C and plastic type Polystyrene (PS) with a vapor temperature of 100°C and a condenser temperature of 15°C. The amount of oil produced by Polyethylene (PET) plastic at that temperature is 40 ml. while the plastic type Polypropylene (PP...

Amid sawmill busy lives, air pollution is one of the greatest casualties of our time and has increased worldwide since 1990. Today, the history of air pollution in sawmills accounts for 93.32% of the total number of wood processing industries in Nigeria, it seems daunting, overwhelming and have positioned the country at a perilous crossroad. For emerging nations such as Nigeria with a population projected to hit 410.6 million humans by 2050 with up to 40-60 million people with mental disorders at the moment, consequently more than 40,000 deaths a year will be due to air pollution. 7 million deaths worldwide is attributed to air pollution with the number set to increase significantly in coming decades mostly through non-communicable diseases like lung cancer, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but also through acute respiratory infections like pneumonia. Similarly, around 90% of all people breathe air contaminated with pollutants. In 2015, tobacco caused 7 million death...

Proses pemanasan atau pembakaran merupakan reaksi oksidasi antara hydro carbon dengan oksigen yang berasal dari udara. Reaksi tersebut menghasilkan panas (heat of reaction). Reaksi pembakaran berlangsung pada suhu tertentu dan pada jumlah perbandingan hydro carbon dengan oksigen (udara) tertentu pula. Pertukaran panas antara panas hasil reaksi pembakaran (api) flue gas dengan cairan yang mengalir dalam tube dilakukan menggunakan cara radiasi, konveksi dan konduksi. Pada percobaan digunakan berat bahan sebagai variabel tetap. Suhu dan waktu sebagai variabel peubah, dengan variasi suhu 300 o C, 400 o C dan 500 o C dengan waktu pemanasan 30, 60, dan 90 menit dan pemanasan dilakukan sampai suhu optimum. Laju pemanasan pada berbagai temperatur semakin lama akan semakin naik. Titik optimum laju pemanasan terjadi pada menit ke 60. Pemanasan pada temperatur 700 o C dengan waktu pemanasan 60 menit mempunyai daya adsorbsi paling besar yaitu 1269mg/g. Hal ini dikarenakan pada suhu tinggi dan waktu pemanasan yang lebih lama menghasilkan karbon aktif dengan pori-pori yang banyak serta pembentukan senyawa pengotor seperti senyawa tar dan lignin bisa diminimalkan dengan bantuan bahan pengaktivasi asam sulfat sehingga dapat memperluas bidang penyerapan karbon aktif itu sendiri dan mutu dari karbon aktif tersebut semakin bagus. Dari hasil percobaan menunjukan bahwa suhu, waktu pemanasan dan daya serap (adsorbsi) berbanding lurus, semakin tinggi suhu pemanasan dan waktu pemanasan yang digunakan maka akan semakin besar daya serapnya (adsorbsi) terhadap larutan iod.

Proses pemanasan atau pembakaran merupakan reaksi oksidasi antara hydro carbon dengan oksigen yang berasal dari udara. Reaksi tersebut menghasilkan panas (heat of reaction). Reaksi pembakaran berlangsung pada suhu tertentu dan pada jumlah perbandingan hydro carbon dengan oksigen (udara) tertentu pula. Pertukaran panas antara panas hasil reaksi pembakaran (api) flue gas dengan cairan yang mengalir dalam tube dilakukan menggunakan cara radiasi, konveksi dan konduksi. Pada percobaan digunakan berat bahan sebagai variabel tetap. Suhu dan waktu sebagai variabel peubah, dengan variasi suhu 300 o C, 400 o C dan 500 o C dengan waktu pemanasan 30, 60, dan 90 menit dan pemanasan dilakukan sampai suhu optimum. Laju pemanasan pada berbagai temperatur semakin lama akan semakin naik. Titik optimum laju pemanasan terjadi pada menit ke 60. Pemanasan pada temperatur 700 o C dengan waktu pemanasan 60 menit mempunyai daya adsorbsi paling besar yaitu 1269mg/g. Hal ini dikarenakan pada suhu tinggi dan waktu pemanasan yang lebih lama menghasilkan karbon aktif dengan pori-pori yang banyak serta pembentukan senyawa pengotor seperti senyawa tar dan lignin bisa diminimalkan dengan bantuan bahan pengaktivasi asam sulfat sehingga dapat memperluas bidang penyerapan karbon aktif itu sendiri dan mutu dari karbon aktif tersebut semakin bagus. Dari hasil percobaan menunjukan bahwa suhu, waktu pemanasan dan daya serap (adsorbsi) berbanding lurus, semakin tinggi suhu pemanasan dan waktu pemanasan yang digunakan maka akan semakin besar daya serapnya (adsorbsi) terhadap larutan iod.

An analysis of eco-innovations solutions for efficient low carbon buildings through circular economy principles (reduce, reuse, recycle), that also consider economic and social indicators has been performed at the national (Turkey) and urban scale (Kayseri). The framework for the city of Kayseri and the implementation of the circular economy for construction chain were determined that the three enabler tools which are policies, funding and awareness and collaboration could help to implement circular city model in Turkey. Reducing energy intensity and understanding the factors that can influence this (such as urbanization and industrialisation) will help mitigate future climate changes, improve local air pollution and health.

This paper presents the design of a fixed bed reactor pyrolysis to convert plastic waste type LDPE into condensate oil. The dimensions of the batch type pyrolysis reactor are adapted to household needs and are designed to be easy to operate and transport. From the results at three different pyrolysis temperature variations; 250 oC, 275 oC and 300 oC shows that reactor yields a maximum condensate oil of 45,3wt% at temperature of 300 oC. In addition, the weight of charcoal also decreased along with the increase in operating temperature.

Gold mining in Ghana has a long history. It is hypothesized that, the mining of gold from Birimiam rock rich in arsenopyrite ore leads to the release of arsenic (As) and therefore, could contaminate groundwater resources in and around Obuasi Municipality. Groundwater samples totaling 220 were collected from locations within and outside the municipality both during the dry and rainy periods. Measured total As ranged from 1.32 to 12.27 μg L-1 and 0.30 to 20.90 μg L-1 in the samples collected in the wet and dry seasons respectively. The high concentrations in the wet period are the result of infiltration and percolation of flood water containing dissolved As through the rock layers. This further suggested that the observed levels of As in the water is coming from both human activities (mining) and natural sources. The dry-season value is the result of As mineral dissolution. However, As co-varied very weakly with the determined concentrations of other trace elements (Fe, Cu, Pb, and Zn...

Renewable energy is a real source of energy that is easy and cheap to use, especially water, therefore it is often used for electrical energy generation systems by utilizing river or waterfall flows. One form of utilization is the Picohydro Power Plant (the smallestscale power plant). Where there is energy potential in an area but has not been utilized optimally, by utilizing the flow of waterfalls in Watu Lumpang Pacet Waterfall Tourism Mojokerto Regency using turbines as a drive and generator as a generator. However, because it is generated in the form of Direct Current (DC) electricity, it takes an inverter as a converter that can convert DC voltage to Alternating Current (AC). So it can be used to supply loads that mostly require AC electricity to operate.

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan Pengabdian Penerapan Teknologi Tepat Guna (PPTTG) pengolah sampah plastik menjadi bahan bakar alternative dengan metode pirolisis. Produk yang diperoleh dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar alternative penyulingan minyak atsiri sehingga mempunyai nilai ekonomi. Pelatihan ini bekerja sama dengan Posyantek Patra Maju di Kelurahan Bukuan, Kecamatan Palaran Kota Samarinda. Target luaran yang diharapkan antara lain terbentuknya seorang kader baru yang peduli terhadap lingkungan dan mampu mengajak para masyarakat untuk dapat memanfaatkan sampah plastik tersebut, sehingga kesejahteraan keluarga dapat ditingkatkan. Hasil dari program pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilakukan ini adalah sebagai berikut: aspek penerapan iptek produk pengolahan sampah plastik dipandang sangat efektif untuk membangun kepedulian masyarakat untuk senantiasa menjaga lingkungan, salah satu usahanya yakni pemanfaatan sampah plastik. Aspek manfaat yang dihasilkan dar...

Waste to energy plays an important role in fulfilling the world's future demands. The continuous climatic change which is primarily caused by the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases from the continuous use of fossil fuel due to high demand of energy in our society has affected the human race negatively over the years. Similarly, the improper disposal of agricultural waste (watermelon waste) in markets and environs creates pungent smell overtime and attracts harmful organisms in our environment, destroying the aesthetics of the market, therefore, making it environmentally unsafe for man. This paper therefore describes how feasible it is to produce bio-ethanol from agricultural waste with a focus on water melon. The waste was gotten from the market and processed to get the endocarp after which a locally fabricated juicing machine was utilized for extraction of the juice from the endocarp of watermelon waste. The fermentation pot housed 60 litres of juice for 5 days and laboratory test analysis was carried out during the period of fermentation, this was to monitor the progression of fermentation. The distillate produced 65.25% alcohol content with a volume of 19.5 litres. The utilization of watermelon waste for bio-ethanol production if exploited will lead to environmental sustainability, energy efficiency and waste to wealth.

The paper examines the barriers, policies, prospects as well as the factors affecting the development and diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in Nigeria. The study identified weak institutional framework, poor policy implementation, inadequate financing, and lack of awareness of the socioeconomic, technological and environmental merits of RETs as the major barriers hindering its development and diffusion. Furthermore, the authors affirm that a paradigm shift is required to alter the current sociopolitical and techno-economic dynamics of current energy climate of fossil based fuels in the country. This will require the adoption a fossil fuels complementary approach as opposed to the dominant substitution approach recurrently described by academics in literature. The study concludes by highlighting the future prospects RETs development and diffusion in Nigeria. Keywords— Renewables; Energy; Development; Sociopolitical; Nigeria; Technovation.