Alcohol Studies

W artykule wprowadzam kategorię praktyk dyskretnych, rozumianych jako praktyki społeczne pozwalające jednostkom na angażowanie się w działania, których zachodzenia inne osoby nie powinny być w danym momencie świadome. Przykładem tego zjawiska, mocno obecnym w polskim kontekście, jest potajemne picie w przestrzeni publicznej wódki z małych szklanych butelek zwanych "małpkami". Analiza tego zjawiska pozwala wykazać, w jaki sposób określone kategorie konsumentów są wykluczane ze współczesnego miasta tylko dlatego, że spożywają alkohol w niewłaściwy sposób, w nieodpowiednim miejscu i czasie. Pomimo iż skupiam się na "małpkach", to pokazuję także, dlaczego kategoria praktyk dyskretnych jest funkcjonalna poznawczo i w jaki sposób może pomóc w badaniu współczesnego miasta, prywatności, relacji władzy i procesów indywidualizacji.

Federal legislation requires a warning label on all alcoholic beverage containers sold in the U.S. However, this method of communicating the hazards of alcohol consumption is lacking because (a) it is not designed to reach the underage population, (b) the warning label is small and contains limited information, and (c) the information is not communicated when alcoholic beverages are not served in their original container (e.g., by the glass). The present study was conducted to determine if a posted placard would effectively convey alcohol-related information to college students. A warning sign containing this information was field-tested in eight fraternities assigned to conditions of a Solomon four-group (pre-post) design. In the warning intervention conditions, signs were posted at various locations in fraternity houses. A questionnaire was distributed that assessed knowledge of five categories of hazards associated with alcohol consumption. Results indicated that, in general, stu...

Książka jest wydawnictwem źródłowym, opatrzonym obszernym wstępem i aparatem naukowym. Przedstawia problemy pijaństwa, alkoholizmu i wstrzemięźliwości w Królestwie Polskim w latach 1815-1914. We wprowadzeniu do książki oraz wstępach do każdej części pracy omówiono najważniejsze kwestie dotyczące tego, jak piśmiennictwo i materiały ikonograficzne tworzyły i utrwalały schematy myślenia na temat alkoholizmu i trzeźwości na ziemiach dzisiejszej Polski centralnej u progu nowoczesności. Książka zawiera wybór piśmiennictwa, które kształtowało przekonania, wyobrażenia i emocje opinii publicznej wobec problemów związanych z pijaństwem: poradniki, literaturę kaznodziejską, publicystykę społeczną, publicystykę popularnonaukową. Zamieszczono w niej teksty drukowane oraz materiały pozostające dotychczas w rękopisach.

A range of commentators associated drug use with decadence in the late nineteenth century. 1 According to Fraser Harrison in his study of decadent male artists associated with the Yellow Book in the 1890s, "The threats and demands represented by the ever accelerating movement towards female emancipation on all fronts, seem to have unnerved and unbalanced this group of men and driven them to seek comfort and oblivion in homosexuality, prostitution, addiction to alcohol and opiates, sterile relationships with children, and, in some cases, forlorn celibacy." 2 Max Nordau famously linked drug use with degeneration, and degeneration with decadence, pointing to Oscar Wilde as evidence that decadence led to racial degeneration. 3 Both Harrison and Nordau focused exclusively, as was typical in the late nineteenth century, on the relationship between decadence and nonnormative masculinity generally, or in relation to specific male individuals, and Harrison's statement in particular demonstrates that at least some male decadents felt threatened by the suffrage movement. Harrison therefore positions decadence as a male style or approach to life that was inextricably tied to the perception of certain women as threatening to gendered norms. I open with a discussion of decadence and drugs, because one of the artists discussed in this chapter, Orly Cogan, has produced textile artworks depicting women consuming cocaine. I also want to underscore the fact that decadence was historically associated with male artists who represented (and felt threatened by) women. Radical Decadence departs from this vision of decadence in focusing primarily on women artists who are themselves transgressing various gendered, sexed, and raced norms. 4 This chapter explores intersections between current fiber art practices and social practices, as well as the concomitant desire for community. Through the case studies of Israel-born, New York-based artist Orly Cogan's work, and Belgian artist Shane Waltener's participatory workshops involving both knitting and cake decorating, I want to suggest that

O artigo objetiva dialogar sobre a construção do conceito de periculosidade social e investigar sua associação com o alcoolismo no Brasil da primeira metade do século XX. Nesse ínterim, com uso de metodologia qualitativa, o texto discute as relações entre periculosidade, biopolítica, eugenia e alcoolismo. Os resultados demonstraram como o contexto brasileiro, dominado pelo eugenismo, favoreceu que a periculosidade estivesse atrelada aos alcoólatras e como o alcoolismo enquadrou-se como "veneno racial".

The Digest of Justinian preserve an enigmatic decision by Emperor Hadrian pertaining to a specific incident of violation of military discipline. The emperor spoke in the case of soldiers who made a failed suicide attempt. Those who had a valid reason that pushed them to take this desperate step, he ordered to be dismissed from service in disgrace. The others faced death. A surprising solution was provided for would-be suicides who decided to take their own lives per vinum aut lasciviam. The ruler ordered these to be spared. The only consequence was their transfer to inferior service. Juxtaposing Hadrian's resolution with contemporary psychological and psychiatric knowledge allows us to hypothesize that the emperor's rescript refers to people who broke the rules of military discipline due to some form of addiction.

This document describes an interdisciplinaryand interinstitucional project and scientific research, which aims to study substance abuse among Yucatecan adolescents with various educational and occupational levels. This field research is a descriptive and expostfacto correlational study. A sample of higher education students was selected, therefore they were older than 18 years old. This report corresponds to the first part of the research , including students from the Instituto Tecnologico de Merida (ITM). A stratified sample of 300 students was taken, divided by the different programs offered at ITM. Electronics, 41 (30 males and 2 females); Mechanics, 27 (26 males and 1 female); Chemistry, 7 (5 males and 2 females); Systems, 65 (46 males and 19 females); Biochemistry, 8 (4 males and 4 females); and Administration, 110 (51 males and 59 females); Civil, 22 (19 males and 3 females); and Industrial, 20 (15 males and 5 females. In order to collect data, a specifically devised for this purpose, instrument was used. The questionnare had a pilot study with a sample of 124 students divided by group and strata; this was done with the with the purpose of establishing clarity and facilitates the response. Validity and reability were established in previous studies (Escalante, 1998). The questionnaire contained four sections. The firsts section includes demographic information (gender and age); the second, knowledge on different used substances; the third, patterns of use of the different substances studied; and the fourth and last section, includes questions on attitudes towards substance use. It is important to note that the substances most used by the student population are alcohol and tobacco, illegal substances do not present a generalized use. Gender influenced consumption, women's use was lower than men's. It is important to remark that friends are considered the most influencig source in the consumption of alcohol and other drugs.

La revolución del mezcal tradicional es el libro más reciente de Domingo García Garza, académico e investigador de estudios latinoamericanos y especialista en el tema de los destilados, particularmente de aquellos provenientes del agave, como en este caso. Congruente con una propuesta insumisa e iconoclasta que motivó sus  textos anteriores (por ejemplo, Mezcal, un destilado artesanal de clase mundial), en este nuevo título, el también sociólogo de la Universidad de Lille, en Francia, no sólo vuelve a impugnar las medias verdades, imprecisiones o creencias vertidas sobre este espirituoso que cada vez, en mayor volumen, se hace un lugar entre las principales bebidas alcohólicas del mundo, sino que además nos comparte una lectura que cierra el círculo sobre el origen, desarrollo y la apuesta a futuro del destilado mexicano por excelencia.

[0001] This application claims the bene?t of US. Provi sional Application No. 61/376,968 ?led on Aug. 25, 2010. The entire teachings of the above application are incorporated herein by reference. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT [0002] This invention Was made With government support under NSF-0425826 awarded by the National Science Foun dation. The government has certain rights in the invention. [0003] Shape memory alloys, such as TiNi alloys, have been applied Widely in medical ?elds (eg as a urethra arterial stent for enlarged pro state) due to their unique shape memory effect, high strength and excellent biocompatibility. HoW ever, these alloys shoW some obvious disadvantages, such as high manufacturing cost, limited recoverable deformation and lack of biodegradability. [0004] Recently, biodegradable shape-memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted much attention and several kinds of biodegradable polymers have been reported. Speci?cally, SMPs can be produced from different natural or synthetic raW polymers, such as chitosan, cellulose, polyetherurethanes, poly(e -caprolactone). The synthesis and post treatment meth ods of the polymers Were complicated and the mechanical properties are insu?icient for various biomedical applica tions. [0005] A great need exists to develop a shape memory polymer With improved combination of properties: tunable thermal, mechanical, biodegradation properties, With better processibility, better biocompatibility, loWer modulus near the elastic modulus of human tissue and faster controlled release pro?les. [0006] In one embodiment, the present invention is a chemical compound of the folloWing structural formula: (I) O 'F k(R2C) (CR2)n R1 L R4 / R3 In formula (I), Ar is an aryl or a heteroaryl, optionally sub stituted With one or more substituents selected from halogen, hydroxyl, Cl -C l 2 alkyl, C2 -C l 2 alkene, C2-C l 2 alkyne, C3 -C l 2 cycloalkyl, Cl -C l 2 haloalkyl, Cl -C l 2 alkoxy, C6-C1 8 (hetero)aryloxy, C6-Cl 8 (hetero)arylamino or a Jun. 13,2013 C6-Cl8 (hetero)aryl group; k and n are each independently Zero or an integer between 1 and 6, provided that k+n §l4; L

This work examines the alchemy that is connotatively present in the novel Under the
Volcano by Malcolm Lowry. The alchemy that the novel shows is not manifested in
an interest in things themselves, but in the meanings of things and in a metaphysical
interest in reality. Part of the reality of that book that the Consul is writing about lost
continents, cabalistics, occultism and alchemy, is a game of mirrors, since it is about
Malcolm Lowry himself trying to write inside Geoffrey Firmin. The alchemy that the
novel shows consists of a change of meaning, an alchemy of language and reality. This work analyzes the ways in which alchemy manifests itself through liquor. As a
hypothesis, liquor is proposed as a “philosopher’s stone”, since it is the way in which
the Consul modifies the reality in which he lives, it is the substance that allows him to
feel more deeply the sensations that already torment him.

El sitio arqueológico Mariano Miró fue un pueblo que funcionó a la vera de la estación homónima del Ferrocarril Oeste entre 1901 y 1913 aproximadamente. Fue habitado por inmigrantes europeos que poblaron el norte de la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina, luego del exterminio de los pueblos originarios. El equipo de arqueología arribó al sitio a pedido de la Secretaría de Cultura de la provincia dado que la maestra y los alumnos de la escuela rural cercana habían expuesto materiales hallados en superficie en la Feria de Ciencias Provincial. Se realizaron diversas tareas arqueológicas donde se recuperaron objetos de distintas materias primas. Se determinó un área de 39.200 m2 a partir de la dispersión de los materiales en superficie. Luego se trazaron 14 transectas en sentido oeste-este divididas en 7 sectores. Allí se pasó el detector de metales para determinar concentraciones subsuperficiales y se recolectaron los materiales de superficie. Finalmente, se realizaron 23 sondeos, 2 cuadrículas y 3 trincheras. Los materiales de vidrio analizados en este trabajo provienen de las colecciones arqueológicas y de los materiales recolectados por los alumnos y la maestra de la escuela vecina. A partir de un análisis morfológico funcional de 13.510 fragmentos vítreos de ambas colecciones y de fuentes históricas, tales como publicidades de la época, nos proponemos caracterizar la muestra para en un futuro analizar las transformaciones en las prácticas de consumo que se podrían haber efectuado en el norte pampeano como consecuencia de la llegada de los inmigrantes europeos.

Zasadniczo w terapii rodzin chodzi o miłość łączącą ludzi. I to wszystko. Nie chodzi w niej o władzę, hierarchię i paradoksalne odkrycia. Rodzina jest rodziną, bo ludzie, którzy ją założyli, kochają się, dbają o siebie lub przeżywali to wszystko w przeszłości. I kiedy zgłaszają się na terapię, robią to po to, aby odnowić swoją miłość lub ukształtować nowe wzajemne relacje. Jestem przekonana, że objawy wiążą się w określony sposób z nieumiejętnością okazywania miłości.

This review is about one of the scourges of humanity: alcoholism. The focus is on Russia since 1970, but the subject is significant for the whole post-Soviet space and some other countries. There has been a tendency to exaggerate the topic in order to veil shortcomings of the health care system. In this way, responsibility for the relatively low life expectancy especially in males has been shifted onto people, that is, allegedly self-inflicted diseases caused by alcohol abuse. Besides, the purpose is to draw attention to the unstable quality of beverages legally sold in Russia, which have caused poisonings up to lethality even after consumption of moderate doses; offenses against alcoholics and people with alcohol-related dementia, aimed at appropriation of their immobile and other properties, and treatments applied to alcoholics without clinical indications. Fortunately, the alcohol consumption in Russia has been decreasing since the early 2000s, heavy binge drinking being visibly in decline. A concluding point is a call to action: the government should care about weaker members of society, including those suffering of alcohol use disorder.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el cultivo y conservación sostenible de agaves raicilleros desde 2022, destacando su papel en la preservación de la biodiversidad en la industria de la raicilla. El problema central radica en la presión sobre los ecosistemas locales debido al aumento de la demanda internacional del destilado, lo que amenaza la diversidad genética de las especies de agave utilizadas. A través de una metodología censal basada en entrevistas, análisis documental exhaustivo y datos estadísticos, se identificaron prácticas agrícolas sostenibles como la reforestación de agaves silvestres y técnicas de micropropagación en los 17 municipios de la denominación de origen de la raicilla; 16 de Jalisco: Atengo, Chiquilistlán, Juchitlán, Tecolotlán, Tenamaxtlán, Puerto Vallarta, Cabo Corrientes, Tomatlán, Atenguillo, Ayutla, Cuautla, Guachinango, Mascota, Mixtlán, San Sebastián del Oeste y Talpa de Allende en Jalisco y 1 de Nayarit: Bahía de Banderas. Los resultados indican que Agave maximiliana Baker. sigue dominando el cultivo para raicilla, que representa el 75.4% de las plantaciones actuales, mientras que Agave angustifolia Haw. y A. inaequidens tienen aumentos significativos en la adopción, alcanzando cuotas del 31.6% y el 7%, respectivamente. Se concluyó que es fundamental continuar con la reforestación de agaves, implementar políticas públicas, certificaciones sostenibles e innovación tecnológica para fortalecer su competitividad en mercados internacionales y asegurar su contribución al desarrollo rural y la conservación ambiental de México.

Background. Due to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, millions of citizens, particularly university students, were forced to leave their homes and adapt to new sociocultural environments abroad. The psychosocial, emotional, and neurobiological consequences of this process remain insufficiently studied, complicating the development of effective support programs for youth in forced migration settings. The purpose of this work was to conduct a comprehensive study of the psychosocial and neurobiological adaptation of Ukrainian youth to new living conditions abroad, identify key integration barriers, assess the respondents’ psycho-emotional state, and determine mechanisms that may improve the adaptation process. Materials and methods. The study involved 103 respondents aged 18–27 years, temporarily residing in various countries. A mixed-method approach was used, including questionnaires (with closed and open-ended questions), interviews, a validated quality of life assessment scale, and a literature review from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Results. The duration of stay abroad directly influenced adaptation: from acute stress phases to gradual integration. Only 36.5 % of respondents felt safe after resettlement. Main adaptation barriers included cultural and mental differences (42.6 %), language difficulties (21.3 %), and “fatigue” of host populations regarding the Ukrainian issue (19.1 %). Chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, negatively affecting neuroplasticity, cognitive function, and emotional stability. Despite the difficulties, prolonged stay abroad contributes to the formation of intercultural identity and resilience. Conclusions. The psychosocial adaptation of Ukrainian youth is a dynamic, multifactorial process in which neurobiological mechanisms play a key role. The findings highlight the need for interdisciplinary support programs that consider both the psycho-emotional state and neuroplastic potential of young people to ensure successful integration and prevent chronic stress disorders

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Alcohol-related harm is a substantial burden on the community in Australia and internationally, particularly harm related to risky drinking practices of young people in the night-time economy. This protocol paper describes a study that will report on the changes in a wide range of health and justice outcome measures associated with major policy changes in the state of Queensland, Australia. A key element includes trading hours restrictions for licensed premises to 2 am for the state and 3 am in Safe Night Precincts (SNPs). Other measures introduced include drinks restrictions after midnight, increased patron banning measures for repeat offenders, mandatory ID scanning of patrons in late-night venues, and education campaigns. The primary aim of the study is to evaluate change in the levels of harm due to these policy changes using administrative data (e.g., police, hospital, ambulance, and court data). Other study elements will investigate the impact of the Policy by measuring foot t...

Este artículo examina el significado cultural, histórico y simbólico del Vin Mariani, vino tónico a base de coca creado en París en 1863 por Angelo Mariani. Al combinar vino de Burdeos con hojas de coca, Mariani no solo elaboró un estimulante farmacológico, sino también un fenómeno social y publicitario. A través de los Album Mariani y del patrocinio estratégico de celebridades, el producto alcanzó a las élites intelectuales, políticas y religiosas, constituyéndose en un marcador de prestigio durante la Belle Époque. Su declive, acelerado por las regulaciones del siglo XX y el cambio de percepción sobre la cocaína, contrasta con el ascenso meteórico de la Coca-Cola, inspirada directamente en la invención de Mariani y transformada luego en marca global. El artículo sitúa al Vin Mariani como el "eslabón perdido" entre los vinos medicinales europeos y los refrescos industriales modernos, y sostiene que su legado perdurable radica en mostrar cómo las bebidas pueden funcionar como mitos culturales que encarnan modernidad, ciencia y aspiración social.

caractéristiques spécifiques identifiées ont ensuite été analysées de façon comparative transversale en prenant en compte l'ensemble des programmes inclus dans l'étude. Pour chaque programme, les informations relatives à l'organisation du programme et à son ancrage ont été extraites de nombreux documents : contrats, rapports, évaluations et autres (dépliants, statistiques, protocoles, sites Internet, etc.). Une dizaine d'interviews téléphoniques ou en face à face ont été conduites avec les responsables des programmes ou d'autres personnes. Plusieurs instruments ont été utilisés lors de l'interview ou de sa préparation : une check-list des obstacles et éléments favorisants potentiels de l'ancrage, une check-list des dimensions d'ancrage, un guide d'interview comprenant l'ensemble des questions spécifiques à poser pour chaque programme. Les organigrammes des programmes ont également été utilisés pour la préparation de l'interview et vérifiés et amendés lors de celui-ci. Programme Prévention des dépendances dans les communes Depuis 1993, la fondation Radix Promotion de la santé gère pour l'OFSP le programme de promotion et de financement de projets de prévention des dépendances dans les communes. Au niveau national, le programme a réussi son institutionnalisation dans Radix, mais la participation financière de l'OFSP reste nécessaire. Le Salon des dépendances, qui s'est tenu en 1995, 1998 et 2001, a permis le développement d'un networking large et bien implanté. Le programme est bien connu des partenaires et bénéficie d'une image favorable. Au niveau des cantons, la diffusion du programme est bonne, seul le Tessin n'est pas atteint. Les instances cantonales de prévention sont parfois insuffisamment impliquées. Au niveau local on trouve une bonne collaboration avec les centres de prévention. Le design des projets incorpore de plus en plus fréquemment des caractéristiques favorisant leur ancrage et/ou leur diffusion (projets modèles). L'exigence de cofinancement n'est pas un obstacle. Les interventions proposées par le programme sont très bien acceptées et les idées directrices sont reprises par les communautés concernées. Au niveau cantonal, l'institutionnalisation du programme est meilleure dans les associations de jeunesse qui ont un rapport direct ou indirect avec la prévention que dans les autres. Le programme est bien diffusé en Suisse alémanique et en Romandie, mais pas au Tessin. Au niveau local, la collaboration avec les associations est bonne. Le bénévolat est un facteur positif d'acceptation et d'efficacité des interventions. Les associations de jeunesse constituent un 'setting' qui a permis de mettre sur pied une formation à large échelle et d'atteindre un vaste public. Le programme propose depuis 1997 son soutien pour la planification et la réalisation de projets qui traitent de thèmes relatifs à la vie des jeunes. Au niveau national, il n'existe aucune organisation sur laquelle le programme pourrait s'appuyer pour intervenir dans ce domaine. Les changements de mandataire pour la réalisation du programme attestent de cette difficulté. Le recours à des personnes relais dans les régions a partiellement pallié ce problème. La reprise du programme par la section Intervention drogues de l'OFSP et l'allongement de la durée du contrat avec le nouveau mandataire constituent une consolidation du programme. Le financement de l'OFSP reste nécessaire bien que des sponsors aient été trouvés. Au niveau cantonal, le programme intervient dans pratiquement tous les cantons. Au niveau local, le programme est bien accepté. Les compétences acquises par les intervenants dans les projets sont réutilisées ailleurs et les projets eux-mêmes sont source d'inspiration. L'exigence de cofinancement n'est pas un obstacle. Le programme-cadre est un programme commun de l'OFSP, de la Conférence des directeurs cantonaux de l'instruction publique (CDIP) et de la Fondation 19 (maintenant: Promotion Santé Suisse). En étroite collaboration avec le programme parallèle REES-CH, il sélectionne et finance des projets de promotion de la santé dans les écoles depuis 1992. Au niveau national, la collaboration entre les partenaires semble reposer sur un consensus fragile concernant l'objectif fondamental de développement de conditions-cadres favorables à la promotion de la santé. Il existe également un certain flou quand à la répartition des rôles et des responsabilités entre ces partenaires. Au niveau cantonal, l'exigence de soutien de la part des cantons aux projets est un facteur d'ancrage, de même que celle d'adhésion au REES-CH. Il existe cependant des réticences à l'intervention de la Confédération dans le domaine scolaire. Dans beaucoup de cantons, il n'y a pas d'instances spécialisées dans la promotion de la santé. Au niveau des projets, les critères d'acceptation se révèlent parfois difficiles à mettre en pratique. L'orientation 'promotion de la santé' des projets est difficile à faire admettre, bien que le label 'OFSP' soit un argument positif. Les tableaux ci-dessous résument la situation de l'ancrage politique du ProMeDro pour la période 1991-2000 dans les villes et dans les cantons inclus dans l'étude. Dans l'ensemble, l'acceptation du ProMeDro est bonne ; seuls 3 villes et 5 cantons appartiennent aux catégories de 'consensus négatif' ou de 'refus conflictuel'. Ancrage politique du ProMeDro : villes Consensus positif

Denna uppsats undersöker 12-stegsprogrammet som ett tillvägagångssätt för återhämtning av missbruk. Genom ett flertal kvalitativa intervjuer med före detta missbrukare är syftet med studien att få en ökad förståelse för återhämtning av missbruk och gemenskapens värde av ett deltagande i ett 12-stegsprogram och hur detta har hjälpt informanterna att bli drogfria. Slutsatsen är att informanterna upplever att 12-stegsprogrammet har varit av stor hjälp gällande processen mot drogfrihet och det sociala stödet från programmet har bidragit till deras återhämtning.

Certos planos de benefícios de Previdência Complementar fechada apresentam déficit e, portanto, são implementadas contribuições extraordinárias para fazer frente a esse passivo atuarial. A Receita Federal do Brasil (RFB) emitiu a Solução de Consulta COSIT nº 354, de 06 de julho de 2017, assentando a impossibilidade da dedução destas contribuições extraordinárias da base de cálculo do imposto de renda da pessoa física beneficiária ou assistida do plano de Previdência Complementar. O trabalho tem por objeto a investigação da regra-matriz de incidência tributária do imposto, a fim de averiguar se sobre as contribuições extraordinárias destinadas ao custeio de déficit em planos de Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar realmente pode haver incidência do imposto de renda, tal qual entende a Receita Federal do Brasil. A condução do estudo pautar-se-á pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O resultado pretendido é fornecer auxílio e orientação jurídica para as entidades de Previdência Complementar, bem como seus beneficiários, assistidos e patrocinadores, no que tange à administração de seus fundos, sobretudo aqueles que se encontrem em situação de déficit.

Objetivos: Establecerla asociacion entre la edad, el sexo, el consumo de bebidas alcoholicas por el familiar que ejerce la patria potestad, por familiares cercano, la presion de grupo, las amistades, la disponibilidad de efectivo para gastar, la publicidad, la promocion, el patrocinio y el consumo de bebidas alcoholicas, en los estudiantes de 13 a 15 anos de las Escuelas de Panama Centro. Sujetos y Metodos: se estudio una muestra de 756 estudiantes de 13 a 15 anos, seleccionados por un muestreo polietapico por conglomerado y probabilistico aleatorio simple. Resultados: Se encontro asociacion estadisticamente significativa en las siguientes variables: tener la edad (1 5anos) (Valor p < 0.0, X2 = 10.6, OR 1.76), con un nivel de confianza de 95% y un grado de libertad, familiar que ejerce la patria potestad (Valor p < 0.00, X2 = 9.05, OR 1.63), el sexo masculino (Valor p <0.04, X2 = 4.15, OR 1 .34),familiar cercano( Valor p < 0.01, X2 = 5.62, OR 1.47), amistades que consume...

The quality of translation is influenced by the nature of the language and the clarity of the ideas within the translated fields. While the quality level increases in texts pertaining to abstract sciences (such as mathematics), experimental sciences (such as physics), and applied sciences (such as computer science), to the extent that human translation nearly matches machine translation and neural translation, a divergence begins to emerge among translations related to social sciences (like legal translation), theology (such as the translation of sacred texts), and the humanities (for instance, literary translation). This divergence highlights a significant issue in translation studies: the distinction between translatability and untranslatability. In this context, the present study examines the nuances of American novelist Ernest Hemingway's creative writing philosophy. It discusses the feasibility of translating his texts into languages that are quite distant from their original context, such as Arabic. Since Ernest Hemingway does not place much emphasis on content-given that his works are essentially autobiographies in novelistic form-this study concentrates on analysing the expressive form of this exceptional novelist, rightly regarded as the king of narrative language and the undisputed master of narrative style. The study traces Hemingway's straightforward language, comprehensible to readers of all ages, and his plain style, which embeds his attitudes towards his era. It concludes that any translation of Hemingway's works should aim to transpose the form of his works morphologically, stylistically, syntactically, and semantically, in order to merit the label of translation and bolster the arguments of those who advocate for translatability.

The study presents a recently discovered bronze cup and the results of its THM-GC/MS analysis from Somló Hill, County Veszprém, Hungary. The cup came to light during an organised metal detector survey in 2024 as part of a hoard of 2,934 artefacts (Hoard VIII). This elaborately decorated vessel belongs to the supra-regional group of metal vessels known as Kirkendrup-Jeni sovice-type cups. These cups are typically dated to the Ha B1 phase and occasionally to later phases (Ha B2-Ha B3) and are found across a broad region spanning from Western Ukraine to Northern Ireland. Ihe interior of the vessel was sampled for chemical residues of prehistoric plants, food, or beverages to better understand the cup's original function. The samples were analysed using thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (THM-GC/MS) at the HUN-REN TTK. The analysis identified traces of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum, L.), with miliacin serving as the key biomarker. Additionally, chemical signatures of honey were detected that probably served to sweeten the food or beverage consumed from this cup.

Analysis of organic compounds preserved on pottery from the Bell Beaker community and the initial phase of the Trzciniec Cultural Sphere in the border zone of the Eastern and North European Plains was prompted by traces of alcoholic beverages found in contextually and formally analogous discoveries of more westerly provenance. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry enabled the calculation of fatty acid ratios to distinguish plant and animal foods and the detection of foodspecific biomarkers. Findings indicate that at least nine vessels once held fermented alcohol beverages resembling beer or more complex fermented mixtures, such as Nordic grog. These findings represent the earliest chemical traces of fermented alcohol beverages in this region, dating to the second half of the third millennium. Additionally, a sample from an Early Bronze Age context suggests the continuation of alcohol-related practices into the Trzciniec Cultural Sphere.

Введение. Целью статьи является выявить и проанализировать совокупность причин пьянства населения в 1920-е гг. Речь идет как о тех, которые отражались в публичном дискурсе, так и практически не освещавшихся в источниках в силу различных факторов. Материалы и методы. Источниковую базу исследования составили материалы корпоративной, региональной и федеральной печати, а также медицинская литература, где, в частности, регулярно приводились данные статистических исследований степени распространения пьянства и анализ их причин. Также использовалась антиалкогольная литература и отдельные публицистические издания, посвященные проблеме пьянства в контексте построения нового быта. Архивные источники представлены материалами фабрик, профсоюзов и парторганизаций различного уровня, в которых обсуждались проблемы пьянства в трудовых коллективах и на производстве. В исследовании применялся социокультурный подход, позволивший изучить досуговые практики как составляющую часть культуры раннесоветского общества. Кроме этого, было проведено обращение к результатам современных исследований в области изучения девиантного поведения, что способствовало получению комплексной картины причин потребления алкоголя в рассматриваемый период представителями различных категорий населения. Результаты. В публичном дискурсе раннесоветской эпохи можно обнаружить упоминание и анализ широкого спектра различных причин распространения пьянства, что объясняется как неизменной актуальностью проблемы, так и кардинальной трансформацией политики в отношении алкоголя и его потребителей. При этом ряду из них именно в постреволюционный период стало придаваться особое значение. Некоторые возможные причины потребления алкоголя не озвучивались публично, например, если они противоречили сформировавшейся легенде об их существовании только в буржуазном обществе или шли вразрез с доминирующими в профессиональной медицинской и антиалкогольной среде установками. Заключение. Можно предположить, что подобный отказ от оглашения ряда реальных причин сохранения пьянства, или их затушевывание, а также упование на то, что с ростом культурного уровня оно останется в прошлом, могли препятствовать выработке адекватных сценариев и действенных методов борьбы с ним.

Background Identifying problem drinking patterns across industries is essential for addressing drinking problems in the workforce. Still, it is not well understood how problem drinking differs across industries and whether it is associated with industry gender composition. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of problem drinking (PPD) across Swedish industries and investigate possible associations between gender-typed industries and problem drinking. Methods 9,155 current workers were selected from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) data collected in 2020. Participants' work industries were identified through the Swedish Standard Industrial Classification (SNI) codes. Seven gender-typed industry categories were created based on gender composition and main job activity in each industry. Self-reported problem drinking was measured using a slightly modified Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye-opener (CAGE) questionnaire and a cutoff score 2 was used to determine problem drinking. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to investigate the association between gender-typed industries and problem drinking. Results PPD in the workforce was 6.6%. Men (8.5%) had a higher prevalence than women (5.3%). Across industries, PPD varied from 2.3% in Water supply and waste management to 15.4% in Mining and quarrying. The highest prevalence for men was in Mining and quarrying (18.2%), whereas for women it was in Construction (11.1%). Within gender-typed industries, the highest PPD was in male-dominated Goods and Energy Production (7.7%), and the lowest was in female-dominated Health and Social Care (4.7%). In the regression analysis, both Education (aPR: 1.39, p = 0.03) and Labour-intensive Services (aPR: 1.39, p = 0.02) had higher adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) compared with Health and Social Care. However, there was no significant difference in aPR among gender-typed industries when considering the gender composition of industries only. Conclusions PPD in the Swedish workforce varied significantly across industries, with differences observed between men and women. Problem drinking differed between industries when categorized by gender composition and main

Confronted with demographic ageing, the cross-sectional study was designed to estimate the characteristics of alcohol use among older Romanians. Based on a sample of 107 people aged 65+, data regarding alcohol use, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. 52.4% of the participants were current drinkers, 6.5% excessive drinkers, 14.95% binge drinkers and 13% had alcohol-related problems. Current drinking was mostly reported by non-hospitalized males lacking close social contacts, but with smoking history and exposed to alcohol use and stressful life events. Harmful drinkers were mostly married males not living alone, exposed to alcohol use and having grown up alongside an alcoholic. Alcohol-related problems were mostly found among depressed male drinkers with family history of alcoholism. As alcohol use and misuse are encountered among aging Romanians at rates comparable to other countries, more awareness needs to be drawn onto this matter.

Background: many professionals in the alcohol field see the role of the the European Court of Justice (ECJ) as negative for health. This review examines ECJ and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) case law in the context of two broader debates: firstly the extension of European Union (EU) law into alcohol policy (the 'juridification' of alcohol policy), and secondly the extent to which alcohol policy is an example of the dominance of 'negative integration' (the removal of trade-distorting policy) over 'positive integration' (the creation of European alcohol policies). Methods: a comprehensive review of all ECJ/EFTA Court cases on alcohol, with interpretation aided by a secondary review on alcohol and EU law and the broader health and trade field. Results: from looking at taxation, minimum pricing, advertising and monopoly policies, the extension of the scope of the these courts over alcohol policy is unquestionable. However, the ECJ and EFTA Court have been prepared to prioritise health over trade concerns when considering alcohol policies, providing certain conditions have been met. Conclusion: while a partial juridification of alcohol policy has led to the negative integration of alcohol policies, this effect is not as strong as sometimes thought; EU law is more health friendly than it is perceived to be, and its impact on levels of alcohol-related harm appears low. Nevertheless, lessons emerge for policymakers concerned about the legality of alcohol policies under EU law. More generally, those concerned with alcohol and health should pay close attention to developments in EU law given their importance for public health policy on alcohol.

This essay offers some thoughts on the way in which love and the matrimonial roles and relations between man and woman are conceived and represented among the Nahua in the township of Cuetzalan del Progreso (in the Sierra Norte de Puebla), based essentially on the examination of prayers that ritual specialists use to secure the help of extra-human figures in order to ensure the affection, consent, and fidelity of a woman for a male client. The formulas, analogies, and metaphors employed, as well as the beings invoked and the actions requested from them help us grasp the distinctive features of Nahua thought on the nature of the man-woman relationship, the purposes it may have, and the principles and rules of conduct that govern it. Although deeply imbued with values and expressions inspired by Catholicism, these words reveal the persistence of some axiological models deeply rooted in the imaginary of the Nahua population and its close relation to agricultural activity and the interdependence with the natural environment in which human beings spend their existence.

In this paper, I analyse the problem of reverse causality, which is associated with results that indicate a negative impact of eliminating added sugar from the diet on cardiovascular health. I present the exact factors that suggest the presence of this phenomenon in the analysed studies. I also draw an analogy to studies on the impact of alcohol consumption on health, in which reverse causality led to distorted results.

was produced under the Health Programme (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) in the framework of a contract with the Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (EAHC) acting on behalf of the European Commission. The content of this report represents the views of National Heart Forum (HAPI Consortium) and is its sole responsibility; it can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the EAHC or any other body of the European Union. The European Commission and/or the EAHC do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor do they accept responsibility for any use made by third parties thereof.

The permissibility of alcohol in medicine and energy drinks has become an issue in the Western world. There was a big uproar when Sheikh Qaradawi ruled that there was no religious ban on consuming drinks with a minute amount of alcohol in them if it was formed naturally through the process of fermentation. He suggested an upper limit of one half of a percent (0.5%). Although he came out strongly against the use of alcohol in medicine, he opined that “(if) a man’s life were in danger and no substitute for a medication containing alcohol is available, a Muslim physician, who was at once an expert in his field and at the same time zealous in safeguarding the commands of religion, would then find no alternative except to prescribe a medication containing alcohol.” Since we do not know what was the rational for Sheikh Qaradawi to suggest an upper limit of 0.5%, the objective of this paper was to analyze the Quranic and Prophet(SAW)’s injunctions from a scientific perspective and explore the validity of Sheikh Qaradawi’s proposed limit.

An analysis of the statements made in Quran and by the Prophet(SAW) regarding alcohol suggests that the Quranic term ‘khamr’ refers to a thing that causes intoxication, a state in which one does not understand what he is saying. Everything that has alcohol, for example orange juice, is not ‘khamr’, it is ‘khamr’ if it causes intoxication.  However, even if a small amount of the drink does not cause intoxication, if a large amount of it does so, it will still be called ‘khamr’ and is prohibited.

Scientifically speaking, the state of intoxication, a state in which one does not understand what he is saying, begins when the amount of alcohol in the blood [Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)], reaches 0.02 percent. Since the metabolism rate of alcohol by liver is about 0.016 percent per hour, a simplified calculation suggests that drinking 12 ounces of a drink over a period of one hour which has less than 0.20 percent alcohol will not leave any alcohol in the body. That is why orange juice which could contain as much as 0.25 percent of alcohol does not cause any intoxication. The calculation also validates Sheikh Qaradawi’s ruling that a drink (energy drink) containing less than 0.5 percent alcohol will not cause intoxication, since drinking a 12-oz can over a period of one hour, will keep BAC below 0.02 percent, the level at which intoxication begins.

The calculation also suggests that a 30 ml dosage of a medicine containing 10 – 25 percent alcohol could raise BAC way above the intoxication level (0.02 percent). As such it is not recommended unless there is no other alternative. The calculation for vanilla extract and homeopathic remedy, however, suggests that the BAC stays lower than Quranic defined intoxication level of 0.02%.

La codependencia es un problema que afecta a cada vez más personas, siendo esta la que caracteriza frecuentes estados de insatisfacción y sufrimiento personal, donde la persona se encuentra enfocada en atender las necesidades de su pareja y/o de otras personas, sin tomar en cuenta las propias, a partir de una necesidad de que la conducta de otra persona se desarrolle desde las propias expectativas, al tiempo que se vive la imposibilidad de expresarlo de manera clara y asertiva en el día a día. Terapéuticamente esta problemática ha sido y sigue siendo motivo de consulta en contextos de rehabilitación y procesos de recuperación en adicciones, estando representada en la naturaleza de los vínculos que se establecen al interior de una familia o de una pareja. De ahí la importancia del abordaje terapéutico de la red de apoyo del adicto, ya que esta tiende a considerar la adicción como un asunto único de la persona en rehabilitación. Desde hace algo más de 20 años, este tema ha sido motivo de investigación de terapeutas, psicólogos, psiquiatras y consejeros, quienes han propiciado discusiones a la luz de establecer un concepto de codependencia y qué elementos de esta merecen la pena tener en cuenta al momento de establecer líneas o planes de tratamientos para las personas que sufren esta condición.

This report explores young adults' decisionmaking around alcohol against a cultural backdrop of historically high levels of consumption, affordability and availability in the UK. When drinking with their peers, paying more for alcohol is likely to reduce the amount consumed per drinking occasion for young adults. The cost of alcohol represents a more effective brake on consumption than considerations about health. The peer-based pursuit of drunkenness has become an established part of the experience of young adulthood in the UK. Alcohol has found a monopoly position in facilitating group belonging, and forging and maintaining friendship groups in young adulthood. This is attributed to: • the special nature of young adulthood within the life-course; • the absence of group bonding opportunities in other areas of life; and • the success of alcohol markets in fi lling the void. An awareness of the risks of alcohol marketing strategies further shaping the normalised experience of young adulthood should be borne in mind. In particular, the separation of young adults' drinking experiences from those of other (older) adults should be addressed. Allowing more diverse drinking spaces, with diverse alcohol standards evident, may apply informal brakes on consumption. This evidence suggests that the example set in parental homes is important to establishing diverse understandings of appropriate consumption. Moderate drinking in this sphere provides an alternative view of alcohol, in contrast to the excessive consumption promoted by the commercial alcohol offer targeting young adults. • When compared with other consumer goods, alcohol is now cheaper than ever before. • Increasing complexity in the demographic trends around alcohol consumption shows a changing picture of how subgroups of the population drink. For example: o men have recently moderated their alcohol consumption; o women's drinking continues to increase ; o the young are drinking less than older age groups but, even within younger groups, some drink more than others; a case of 'more alcohol down fewer throats' . Our aim was to discover how young adults make decisions about when, where, with whom and -cruciallyhow much and how often alcohol is consumed. The following questions guided the data collection. • How have changes in wider cultural patterns of alcohol consumption become integrated in peer group values of young adults? • What is the role of social networks in young people's decision-making around alcohol consumption? • What role does price and availability of alcohol play in young people's decision-making? • Are there differences between social networks in terms of decision-making criteria and infl uences? Do they override other infl uences such as price and availability or individual values? • What potential policy and practice implications follow from the fi ndings? Below is a summary of the methods used within this study, which are described in more depth in the Appendix to this report. Methods included in-depth interviews, drink diaries, social network mapping and focus groups. The sample of 35 individuals aged between 18 and 25 years captured different pathways

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are two of the most common mental health disorders affecting civilians as well as military populations. If left untreated, individuals with co-occurring PTSD/AUD are at increased risk for developing other mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety), physical health problems, reduced resiliency and military readiness, and vocational and social impairment. Substantial gaps in the treatment of co-occurring PTSD/AUD exist and there is a critical need to develop more effective pharmacological treatments. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by testing the efficacy and safety of doxazosin, a long-acting and selective alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist, as compared to placebo in reducing PTSD and AUD severity among U.S. military veterans. Noradrenergic dysregulation has been implicated in the development and maintenance of PTSD and AUD, and pilot studies examining doxazosin in PTSD-only or AUD-only sam...

This paper examines how the English-language press portrayed and discussed the consumption of alcohol, specifically toddy, by South Asians in Singapore during the period of colonial rule. The paper first considers the way toddy was presented as similar to or distinct from other substances such as opium or beer and then discusses the way that the British administration created links between ethnicity and substance use by regulating the locations in which substances could be bought, sold, and consumed. The paper then shows that the discourse around toddy was very much focused on its alleged connection with a supposed inherent violence in South Asian peoples. This imagery focused primarily on men, further segmenting the population by gendering substance use as well as racializing it. Moreover, this paper considers the way that the image of the drunk South Asian plantation worker moved into urban spaces with the regulation and promotion of toddy shops in Singapore. Finally, the paper draws a connection between the stereotypes advanced by the British press, and those mobilized in a recent government inquiry into riots in Singapore’s Little India neighbourhood.