ACOUSTIC LABEL OF CEMENT FACTORIES

Measures to control construction noise should go beyond measuring the impact and reacting to it. Identification of potential problems before they occur is the optimal approach. At the same time, proposed methodologies and protocols should be realistic and practical, since they will be implemented in a very tight framework, both in terms of limitation of budget and time constraints. Therefore, practical testing of them is more than welcome. This paper presents a procedure to define acoustic requirements to urban construction works and a methodology to answer to those requirements when executing the works. Both were defined as result of the collaboration between Tecnalia and a construction company in a real work developed in the city of Bilbao. Therefore, it considers the needs, capabilities and constraints expressed by a public local authority and a private construction company. The procedure includes an integral approach that considers: the prediction of the noise impacts, proposing abatement measures and analyzing their efficiency in real time during the timeline of the construction works. As result of the working process some criteria to adapt the requirements asked to different works are obtained. These criteria are related to: the type of works, classifying them in terms of how noisy they are; and the acoustic conditions of the area, the sensitivity to noise impact and existing environmental noise levels (consulting noise maps, developed by the city). The methodology can be applied when planning and executing construction works in an urban area. The methodology faces two key challenges: being accepted by authorities leading the works, so not interfering too much in the timing and costs of the works, and being applicable by the construction companies as part of their environmental control.

In this work a study of the acoustic problem in a metalworking industry of the Industrial Pole of Manaus, Brazil is carried out. The aspects related to the industrial environment such as the constructive aspects and the machineries in an area of stamping were analyzed. A mapping of the entire area of interest was carried out and the noise measurement points were selected at three different times, morning, afternoon and night. The results of the statistical analysis performed using statgraphics software demonstrate that there are no statistically significant differences between the noise levels achieved in different work shifts and that this condition is met for the case where the machines are working or not. The study considered to determine the areas that have the greatest noise affectation, proving that the average value achieved does not differ statistically between the different internal areas of the stamping process. All the information obtained serves as a guide for the company to establish the control measures, it is estimated that there will be a reduction of the levels of Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) emitted by machinery from the printing industry to the environment, guaranteeing a better quality of life for workers during the industrial working day.

Prediction of noise pollution from construction site plays an important role in planning and construction management. However, engineers may have difficulty in making predictions at the planning stage because the acoustic characteristics and location of the source are not precisely known, and many assumptions have to be made. This study focuses on the development of chart predictions based on stochastic modelling, so that the data available at the planning stage can be used to produce a set of noise levels along with standard deviations. The study compares the noise predictions using the chart with the results of measurement, and simulation. Two simple charts in the form of deviations from the mean noise level versus the ratio r/w, and standard deviation versus the ratio r/w, were established based on analysis using stochastic models developed by considering systematic changes in the site parameters. The charts were applied to predict construction noise in a physical case of substructure work. The noise levels predicted using the design charts are slightly higher, by 3 dB(A) and 1 dB(A), than the results obtained using measurement and simulation, respectively. Based on these results, the charts can be used to manually approximate construction noise at the planning stage with reasonable accuracy. The advantages of charts are that the level of noise at various locations of the receiver can be determined manually and quickly using various sound power levels of equipment that may actually be employed in the construction process.

2019

The noise assessment for industrial sources requires a combined approach, using noise mapping and acoustical measurements, as well as the analysis of the effectiveness of the noise reduction measure. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the noise produced by a concrete station in a mixed urban area, which has both residential and commercial areas, as well as the analysis of the efficiency of implementing a measure of noise reduction at the source. Special attention was given to the noise assessment mode, both in the initial situation, prior to the application of the noise reduction measure and, in the final situation, after its application, by building a carcass for concrete station.

The purpose of this work is to identify the contribution of noise from external sources to the noise pollution generated by a factory, by comparing sound pressure levels measured in its surroundings and those calculated by noise mapping. A metal-mechanical manufacturing plant was chosen and sound pressure levels were measured at discrete points along two rings around it, called receivers. The noise measurement data from the first ring were entered into the Sound Plan software to determine, through iteration, the factory's main noise sources. The software then used this information to calculate noise maps and sound pressure levels at the receiver's positions in the second ring. Finally, the contribution of noise from external sources to the overall noise generated by the factory was determined by comparing the noise measured in the second ring with the simulated data. The placement of partial barriers along some critically noisy walls was found to be effective in controlling nighttime noise, ensuring that the sound level limit for this type of neighborhood, which is established by technical standards for environmental noise as L eq = 60 dB (A), is not reached.

Inter-Noise 97, 1997

Work (Reading, Mass.), 2012

In the civil construction industry sector, it has been observed that the increasing use of machines has made tasks noisier and consequently caused hearing loss and had other adverse effects on workers. The objective of this study was to identify and assess the physical risks of noise present in activities undertaken in a construction company in order to propose control measures which will contribute to the management of health and safety within the company's organization. The methodology applied was based on verifying the characteristics of exposure to noise on construction sites, from an observation of sources which generated noise and making measurements of sound pressure levels emitted by these sources. The data was then analyzed and compared with the recommended performance levels established in control measures. As a result, it was found that some machines and equipment used in civil construction often generate noise above the acceptable levels and as such, in these cases, ...

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011

Noise mapping has been used as an instrument for assessment of environmental noise, helping to support decision making on urban planning. In Brazil, urban noise is not yet recognized as a major environmental problem by the government. Besides, cities that have databases to drive acoustic simulations, making use of advanced noise mapping systems, are rare. This study sought an alternative method of noise mapping through the use of geoprocessing, which is feasible for the Brazilian reality and for other developing countries. The area chosen for the study was the central zone of the city of Sorocaba, located in São Paulo State, Brazil. The proposed method was effective in the spatial evaluation of equivalent sound pressure level. The results showed an urban area with high noise levels that exceed the legal standard, posing a threat to the welfare of the population.

The Journal of Men's Studies, 2017

Sustainable development has various indicators like transport system, economy, land use etc. Quality of life is one of them and protection from noise, especially at workplace plays a prime role in determining it.Numerous literature surveys have revealed that the construction industry ranks second in terms of thestaff being exposed to loud noise and its consequent hazards. A similar situation was observed in a major infrastructure project in Kolkata, India. A questionnaire survey among the workers and a 3D simulation model was created to assess the noise levels. The results revealed that the perceived noise levels were significantly high and exceeded the limits set by concerned authorities. This warranted actions to reduce noise levels. To achieve this, two alternate simulation models were created with altered acoustic properties. The results of these simulations reduced noise to identical levels, which were lower than the limit set. And hence, it was concluded that lower noise level...

Applied Acoustics, 2002

An urban noise survey was conducted in the city of Ca´ceres (Extremadura, Spain). In order to select the different points where measurements were to be taken, the streets were classified according to their use in communicating the different zones of the city. The four categories considered were all through roads (service roads were excluded): arterial roads outside the central zone, arterial roads in the central zone, other two-way roads connecting different zones, other one-way roads. The first two categories were found to be statistically indistinguishable, and together with the third had the highest noise levels-median Leq above 70 dB(A). The one-way roads were some 5 dB(A) quieter. Thus the sound levels in Ca´ceres, a small city, are quite high, with 90% of our measurements surpassing an Leq of 65 dB(A) during working hours. Finally, relationships were established between the equivalent level, traffic flux, and the main noise level percentiles, with results in good agreement with those of other authors. We can also conclude that city noise can be usefully studied by classifying the streets according to their use. # (J.M. Barrigo´n Morillas).