Gasification from waste organic materials

Agrociencia, 2010

2014

This process through the indirect use of intense heat in the absence of oxygen is able to reduce the material covered in fuel gas and organic matter. which reduces the material in a combustible gas and inorganic matter. The Thermax© pilot plant allows a thermal degradation that completely sanitizes waste destroying its toxic components through molecular dissociation. This technology also stands for zero emissions of harmful residues. The operating principle is to exploit fully the calorific value of waste, this allows to derive the syngas (Synthetis Gas, a mixing gas, composed by CO, H2, CH4 and CO2), which is then converted into electricity. Main component of this plant is a pyrolysis reactor, capable of operating at temperatures ranging from 450 to 1800 °C. The temperature control is enabled through the use of a special tungsten thermostat that allows the maintenance and control of the right temperature inside the reactor itself. A security system, high-quality service, is able to...

Agrociencia

Desalination, 2006

One way to produce fuel gases is using bioreactors producing CH 4 /CO 2 , H 2 /CO 2 and CH 4 /H 2 /CO 2 gas mixtures. This method has many advantages; for example, low energy consumption, high ecological efficiency, utilization of organic wastes, accessibility and simplicity of hardware implementation. The results of organic waste bioconversion into methane and hydrogen by using an active membrane system integrated with aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors are presented. The suggested biomembrane system includes three types of fermenters: an aerobic phototrophic biomass producing reactor for CO 2 consumption and O 2 production from Anabaena variabilis, an anaerobic methane bioreactor for biomass transformation into biogas by using the methanogenic community, and Rhodobacter capsulatus immobilized in a polymeric matrix. The latter system was used for lactate or other low organics decomposition. The combination of the biosystem with membrane contactors and a selective membrane valve achieves a continuous process for energy production and total removal of CO 2 from microbial gas mixtures, which can be fed back into the first aerobic productive reactor. In total, the developed system obtains energy from sunlight in the form of combustive gases (CH 4 and H 2) with a net CO 2 consumption.

2003

The world is facing a great problem of energy crises, because of overuse of conventional fuels in automobiles, power generation and various thermal applications. Imposition of emissions norms by government regulating bodies to reduce environment pollution lead to the search for cleaner burning fuel. Wood gas is expected to play an important role in meeting the existing gap between the energy supply and energy demand, particularly in rural areas, in the present context of energy crises. The technology of Biomass gasification has existed from more than seventy years.The gasifier is a unit which produces inflammable gases by the pyrolysis of wood and similar biomasses. The present project is an attempt to design a gasifier and its accessories and fabricate it to run an AC generator by fueling a spark ignition engine. The gasifier is developed consisting of cyclone filter, particle filter and a cooling system. The wood gas is a result of decomposition of biomass at elevated temperatures to produce a range of inflammable gases, the presence of tar and water vapour in the gas causes deterioration of fuel quality and decrease in output. This is regulated by using a counter flow cooling system and a set of cyclone and particulate filters.

Uno de los procesos de investigación e innovación tecnológica que se desarrollan en el marco del proyecto "La biomasa como fuente renovable de energía para el medio rural" (BIOMAS-CUBA) está relacionado con la producción de biogás y bioabonos a partir de los efluentes de biodigestores, en fincas agroenergéticas, donde se producen alimentos y energía, de forma integrada. Las tecnologías seleccionadas para la construcción de biodigestores anaeróbicos han sido: la cúpula fija (modelo chino), el tubular plástico o de manga de polietileno con flujo continuo (tipo Taiwán) y la laguna anaeróbica cubierta con una geomembrana de polietileno de alta densidad. A partir de estas se construyeron o repararon-en menor medida-69 biodigestores, en fincas

Wherever there is human habituation, municipal solid waste is produced, which consist mainly of household food waste, agricultural waste, human and animal waste. For each year the amount of produced municipal solid waste is increasing dramatically. Breakdown of organic materials in the absence of oxygen produces methane. The process is known as anaerobic digestion and performed through the biological activity of microorganisms. The rest product contains also a high amount of nutrients that can be used as a natural fertilizer. The objective of this experiment is potential of biogas (methane) production from municipal solid waste. The digester operated used in this experiment is plastic barrel; the experiment was performed with mixtures of cafeteria waste. The mixture with different combination of fava bean, bread, vegetables, fruits, fishes and meat wastes was an-aerobically digested in reactors. The results of this experiment indicate that there is potential of bio-gas production from the municipal solid waste.

Linnaeus Eco-Tech

Anaerobic digestion (AD) under mild aerobic loading is investigated. Aeration can apparently have both positive and negative impacts on biogas generation. This study aims to recognize and describe these different aeration effects on AD. Seven series of batch experiments (BT 1- 7) were conducted under varying feed and oxygenation conditions at 35 oC. Oxygen was introduced as headspace air in four of the batch experiments and as pure oxygen in two series. Effects of extensive initial aeration of inoculum were investigated in one batch series. The methane yield of the reactors fed with starch (1.09 g COD/LReactor) was positively influenced by oxygenation in the load range up to 38 % O2 (as % of feed COD). A negative influence of oxygen was observed at the next experimental level of 79 % O2. For the glucose fed reactors under similar operating conditions, the oxygen impact was near linearly negative in the tested range of 0 - 49 % O2. These results demonstrate that digestion of soluble ...