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Fatigue and Human Performance: An Updated Framework

Profile image of Helmi ChaabaneHelmi Chaabane

Sports Medicine

https://doi.org/10.1007/S40279-022-01748-2
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Abstract

Fatigue has been defined differently in the literature depending on the field of research. The inconsistent use of the term fatigue complicated scientific communication, thereby limiting progress towards a more in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, Enoka and Duchateau (Med Sci Sports Exerc 48:2228–38, 2016, [3]) proposed a fatigue framework that distinguishes between trait fatigue (i.e., fatigue experienced by an individual over a longer period of time) and motor or cognitive task-induced state fatigue (i.e., self-reported disabling symptom derived from the two interdependent attributes performance fatigability and perceived fatigability). Thereby, performance fatigability describes a decrease in an objective performance measure, while perceived fatigability refers to the sensations that regulate the integrity of the performer. Although this framework served as a good starting point to unravel the psychophysiology of fatigue, several important aspects were not include...

Figures (2)
between all dimensions. Please note that effort perception, affective valence, self-regulation and self-control, as well as time perception were added to the potential determinants of perceived motor fatigue compared to the framework of Enoka and Duchateau [3]. Further- more, cognitive performance fatigue, perceived cognitive fatigue, and the potentially contributing factors were added to the framework. CNS central nervous system, ? unknown factors that should be added in the future Fig.1 Adapted motor and/or cognitive task-induced state fatigue framework with its interdependent dimensions and the respective determinants first proposed by Enoka and Duchateau [3] (a). The extent of state fatigue mirrored by these dimensions depends on sev- eral modulating factors (b) and can have negative consequences for the motor and cognitive capacity, which might negatively affect qual- ity of life (c) particularly in vulnerable, deconditioned, and clinical populations. The bidirectional arrows indicate the interdependence
between all dimensions. Please note that effort perception, affective valence, self-regulation and self-control, as well as time perception were added to the potential determinants of perceived motor fatigue compared to the framework of Enoka and Duchateau [3]. Further- more, cognitive performance fatigue, perceived cognitive fatigue, and the potentially contributing factors were added to the framework. CNS central nervous system, ? unknown factors that should be added in the future Fig.1 Adapted motor and/or cognitive task-induced state fatigue framework with its interdependent dimensions and the respective determinants first proposed by Enoka and Duchateau [3] (a). The extent of state fatigue mirrored by these dimensions depends on sev- eral modulating factors (b) and can have negative consequences for the motor and cognitive capacity, which might negatively affect qual- ity of life (c) particularly in vulnerable, deconditioned, and clinical populations. The bidirectional arrows indicate the interdependence
The effort perceived during a motor task can be attributed to the perceptual-discriminatory dimension and is associated with perceived motor fatigue [16, 42]. Moreover, motor task- related effort perception is considered an important deter- minant of exercise behavior and endurance performance Irrespective of the specific definition, the nature and extent of perceived motor fatigue depend on the psycho- physiological state of the individual, which shapes the perceptual, affective, and cognitive processes during exer- cise (Fig. la). For example, exercising above an individual critical threshold (e.g., above critical power [37]) leads to metabolite accumulation resulting in a decline in contractile
The effort perceived during a motor task can be attributed to the perceptual-discriminatory dimension and is associated with perceived motor fatigue [16, 42]. Moreover, motor task- related effort perception is considered an important deter- minant of exercise behavior and endurance performance Irrespective of the specific definition, the nature and extent of perceived motor fatigue depend on the psycho- physiological state of the individual, which shapes the perceptual, affective, and cognitive processes during exer- cise (Fig. la). For example, exercising above an individual critical threshold (e.g., above critical power [37]) leads to metabolite accumulation resulting in a decline in contractile

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