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Computer Science

The Future of Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction

Profile image of Kristina HöökKristina Höök

CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts

https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3503729
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Abstract

Emotion has been studied in HCI for two decades, with specifc traditions interested in sensing, expressing, transmitting, modelling, experiencing, visualizing, understanding, constructing, regulating, manipulating or adapting to emotion in human-human and humancomputer interactions. This CHI 2022 workshop on the Future of Emotion in Human-Computer Interaction brings together interested researchers to take stock of research on emotion in HCI to-date and to explore possible futures. Through group discussion and collaborative speculation we will address questions such as: What are the relationships between digital technology and human emotion? What roles does emotion play in HCI research? How should HCI researchers conceptualize emotion? When should HCI researchers use interdisciplinary theories of emotion or create new theory? Can specifc emotions be designed for, and where is this knowledge likely to be applied? What are the implications of emotion research for design, ethics and wellbeing? What is the future of emotion in human-computer interaction? CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI).

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Figure 1: CHI papers that mention emotion (dark colour) vs all CHI papers (light colour)
Figure 1: CHI papers that mention emotion (dark colour) vs all CHI papers (light colour)

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This paper presents results of an experiment studying user response to everyday computing tasks and related changes in peripheral physiology parameters. As underlying emotion model a new, HCI-oriented, dimensional approach to structure and represent emotions is introduced. Results show correlates between physiology changes and valence and arousal. The suitability of the new approach could be verified.

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Emotions in the Social Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction
Curtis Kularski

Modern humans interact with a variety of electronic devices to accomplish tasks, entertain themselves and to communicate with others. Traditionally this interaction has been conceived of as being the interaction between a user and a tool. There is no emotional value in that interaction, it is not social. The interaction is merely functional. The problem with that approach is that humans do express emotions toward computers, smart phones and other computational devices. Some of the concepts involved in the computer science sub-field of human-computer interaction describe these interactions as social and refer to computers as social actors. If computers are to be treated social actors, then emotions must be considered in evaluation of the interactions in which they take part. Despite the anthropomorphist properties that some in the computer science discipline apply to computers, computers, including artificial intelligences, do not experience feelings. Therefore, the concept of emotions in human-computer interaction must be considered through different frameworks and from the perspective of the human actors involved. Humans develop social relationships with their technology (Nass 1994). Like any relationship involving humans, the quality of the relationship is impacted by the emotional exchanges involved. Emotion is an important component of human-computer interaction because of the amount of time that humans spend with their devices and because the capability to interact successfully with other humans depends upon strong social and emotional skills.

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Communicate Emotions Through Technological Interfaces
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The Design of Computer Interfaces Adaptive to Human Emotion: Current Issues and Research Directions
Hung So Park

2000

Despite the rapid advancement of computer technology, computers remain incapable of understanding human emotion. As a result, users have often been unaided for their aversive emotion that may take place during their computer tasks. This may be detrimental to positive and productive interactions between users and computers. This paper reviews some empirical studies regarding the effect of emotion on computer work and conceptualizes what constitutes an emotional computer. It is proposed that the emotional computer be designed to understand human emotion and adapt its interface accordingly. This paper raises a number of research questions in relation to such issues as measurement (e.g., automatic detection of human emotion, time delay), signal processing (e.g., accuracy) and user interfaces (e.g., ways to alleviate the intensity of negative emotion). Considering that there has been very little research on the design and aftermath of emotional computers, further studies are urgently needed.

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Computers that recognise and respond to user emotion: theoretical and practical implications
Rosalind Picard

Interacting with Computers, 2002

Prototypes of interactive computer systems have been built that can begin to detect and label aspects of human emotional expression, and that respond to users experiencing frustration and other negative emotions with emotionally supportive interactions, demonstrating components of human skills such as active listening, empathy, and sympathy. These working systems support the prediction that a computer can begin to undo some of the negative feelings it causes by helping a user manage his or her emotional state. This paper clarifies the philosophy of this new approach to human-computer interaction: deliberately recognising and responding to an individual user's emotions in ways that help users meet their needs. We define user needs in a broader perspective than has been hitherto discussed in the HCI community, to include emotional and social needs, and examine technology's emerging capability to address and support such needs. We raise and discuss potential concerns and objections regarding this technology, and describe several opportunities for future work.

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Understanding Emotion.......................... 54 Distinguishing Emotion from Related Constructs.... 55
Scott Brave

2014

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Emotional Sensitivity in Human-Computer Interaction
Jonghwa Kim

it - Information Technology, 2009

Human conversational partners usually try to interpret the speaker´s or listener´s affective cues and respond to them accordingly. Recently, the modelling and simulation of such behaviours has been recognized as an essential factor for more natural man-machine communication. The implicit emotion channels of human communication such as speech, facial expression, gesture, and physiological responses are used in general to extract emotion-relevant features for the computational perception of emotion. So far, research on emotion recognition has mostly dealt with offline analysis of recorded emotion corpora, and online processing (in realtime or near realtime) has hardly been addressed. Online processing is, however, a necessary prerequisite for the realization of human-computer interfaces that analyze and respond to the user´s emotions while he or she is interacting with an application. In this paper, we first describe how we recognize emotions from various modalities including speech, ...

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Bringing Affect to Human Computer Interaction
Mahir Akgun

Psychological, Cognitive and Neuroscientific Perspectives, 2011

Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Affective computing and interaction : psychological, cognitive, and neuroscientific perspectives / Didem Gokcay and Gulsen Yildirim, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.

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Emotions in human-computer interaction: the role of nonverbal behaviour in interactive systems
Irina Cristescu

2008

Until recently, the area of human-computer interaction was based on a traditional, cognitive approach, which separated the study of usability from that of emotions. The recent research has shown that emotions play an important role in our life, which led to focusing on the need of studying the emotions in the domain of interactive design. This paper underlines the role

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