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Outline

Title
Abstract
FAQs
Figures
Introduction
Design and Working of Kinetic Buildings
Case Study
Design
Scope of Kinetic Buildings
Conclusion
References
All Topics
Engineering

Kinetic Buildings in Climate-Responsive Architecture

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2022, IRJET

Abstract

Climate-responsive architecture integrates the use of the climate data of an area, to construct efficient buildings that responds to, and works with the local climate, the scope of which includes, but is not limited to temperature, historical weather patterns, sun path and solar position, environmental conditions, seasonality, topography, etc. The design aims to minimize extreme energy use, have reduced impact on the natural environment, and above all, promote sustainability. Kinetic architecture responds to this need of intelligent, interactive, and adaptive architecture by including moving parts which are allowed to operate independently without compromising the structural integrity. Although this concept has been in use since the Middle Ages, an example being the drawbridge, increasing need for smarter use of energy has, in the late 20th century facilitated the use of moving parts in significant portions of the superstructure. Advancements in mechanics, electronics and robotics, fuelled by concepts such as Fuller's Tensegrity has brought into effect functional buildings that allow for these types of movements. This paper explores the use of kinetic buildings in climateresponsive architecture, of which there are few examples, including buildings that use kinetic facades to regulate the entry of sunlight, to prefabricated skyscrapers with rotating floors. Although the concept is in use, it is not as commonly used as it should be to respond and adapt to the drastically changing climatic conditions.

FAQs

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What are the primary advantages of employing kinetic architecture in buildings?add

Kinetic architecture enhances space utilization, achieving a shorter ROI cycle, and significantly improving guest experience by creating adaptable environments. Examples include the retractable roof of the Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which demonstrates heightened functional versatility.

How do kinetic facades contribute to environmental sustainability?add

Kinetic facades optimize solar exposure, reducing energy consumption by limiting solar gain to 400 watts per linear meter. The automated shading at Al Bahr Towers results in a reduction of approximately 1,750 tonnes of CO2 emissions annually.

What are the classifications of kinetic structures based on their mobility?add

Kinetic structures can be classified into embedded, deployable, and dynamic types, each with distinct characteristics. For example, dynamic structures can rotate independently, accommodating user requirements while enhancing spatial efficiency.

How do kinetic elements in architecture adapt to environmental changes?add

Kinetic elements utilize motors or natural forces to modify building shapes in response to external conditions, such as air movement or sunlight. The Sharifi-Ha House in Tehran showcases swiveling rooms that adapt to seasonal temperature fluctuations.

What technologies facilitate the movement in kinetic architecture?add

Mechanisms such as pneumatic, mechanical, or sensor-driven systems are employed for responsive motion in kinetic architecture. The Shed in New York utilizes a telescoping shell activated by gantry crane technology, allowing versatile spatial transformations.

Figures (24)
Fig -2: Bund Finance Center, Shanghai, China
Fig -2: Bund Finance Center, Shanghai, China
Fig -3: Sharifi-ha House in Tehran, Iran The Sharifi-Ha House is a residential building in Tehran, Iran. The house is in Darrous, which is nestled in the foothills of the mountains that divide northern Tehran from the Caspian Sea.
Fig -3: Sharifi-ha House in Tehran, Iran The Sharifi-Ha House is a residential building in Tehran, Iran. The house is in Darrous, which is nestled in the foothills of the mountains that divide northern Tehran from the Caspian Sea.
Fig -4: Sectional view of Sharifi-ha House
Fig -4: Sectional view of Sharifi-ha House
Fig -5: Conceptual drawing of Sharifi-ha House The house is organized into two blocks that hang from either side of a central void, one at the front of the house, and another at the rear. The void appears to draw light into both blocks the way a vacuum draws in air, even when the rooms on the front facade are swung inward.
Fig -5: Conceptual drawing of Sharifi-ha House The house is organized into two blocks that hang from either side of a central void, one at the front of the house, and another at the rear. The void appears to draw light into both blocks the way a vacuum draws in air, even when the rooms on the front facade are swung inward.
Fig -6: Sharifi-ha House in various stages of ‘open’ and ‘closed’ modes In the Sharifi-ha House, the rooms are transformed at the touch of a button. In the ‘open’ mode, the three blocks pivot outwards on the rotating base, pointing the windowed ends to the sun, which creates a terrace on each floor. The ‘closed’ mode hides the windows to keep the house warm during Tehran’s snowy winters.
Fig -6: Sharifi-ha House in various stages of ‘open’ and ‘closed’ modes In the Sharifi-ha House, the rooms are transformed at the touch of a button. In the ‘open’ mode, the three blocks pivot outwards on the rotating base, pointing the windowed ends to the sun, which creates a terrace on each floor. The ‘closed’ mode hides the windows to keep the house warm during Tehran’s snowy winters.
Due to various configurations the turning boxes take, the loading calculation can been estimated based on the largest possible loading value applied to the system. To prevent structural deformation controlling the probable vibrations in the turning boxes was considered during the design calculations of the structure.
Due to various configurations the turning boxes take, the loading calculation can been estimated based on the largest possible loading value applied to the system. To prevent structural deformation controlling the probable vibrations in the turning boxes was considered during the design calculations of the structure.
Fig -10: Al Bahr Towers
Fig -10: Al Bahr Towers
Abu Dhabi, being a desert region, has a hot and arid climate, extremely sunny with temperatures reaching up to 49°C and humidity up to 100% during summer. Furthermore, sandstorms being a frequent event, can compromise the structural integrity of the building, the intense heat and glare can render a comfortable indoor environment relatively impossible if not properly addressed. Fig -11: External Automated Shading System of Al Bahr Towers
Abu Dhabi, being a desert region, has a hot and arid climate, extremely sunny with temperatures reaching up to 49°C and humidity up to 100% during summer. Furthermore, sandstorms being a frequent event, can compromise the structural integrity of the building, the intense heat and glare can render a comfortable indoor environment relatively impossible if not properly addressed. Fig -11: External Automated Shading System of Al Bahr Towers
Fig -12: Mangrove flowers Fig -13: Traditional Mashrabia
Fig -12: Mangrove flowers Fig -13: Traditional Mashrabia
The design of the external facade of the tower was derived by taking into account the environment, tradition, and technology. Inspired by the ‘mashrabia’ and mangrove flower, the towers consist of a series of transparent umbrella-like modules that open and close in response to the sun’s path. The ‘mashrabia’ is a type of window protecting system mage of carved wood frameworks and used in traditional Arabic architecture. It offers protection from the sun and privacy inside the building.
The design of the external facade of the tower was derived by taking into account the environment, tradition, and technology. Inspired by the ‘mashrabia’ and mangrove flower, the towers consist of a series of transparent umbrella-like modules that open and close in response to the sun’s path. The ‘mashrabia’ is a type of window protecting system mage of carved wood frameworks and used in traditional Arabic architecture. It offers protection from the sun and privacy inside the building.
In the shading lattice, each unit comprises of a series of stretched PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) panels and is driven by a linear actuator that progressively opens and closes once per day in response to a pre-programmed sequence that has been calculated to prevent direct sunlight from striking the facade and to limit solar gain toamaximum of 400 watts per linear meter. The installation is protected by a variety of sensors that open the units in the event of overcast conditions or high winds. This results in a reduction of CO2 emissions by 1,750 tonnes per year. Fig -15: Comparison between common systems and Dynamic Mashrabia system
In the shading lattice, each unit comprises of a series of stretched PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) panels and is driven by a linear actuator that progressively opens and closes once per day in response to a pre-programmed sequence that has been calculated to prevent direct sunlight from striking the facade and to limit solar gain toamaximum of 400 watts per linear meter. The installation is protected by a variety of sensors that open the units in the event of overcast conditions or high winds. This results in a reduction of CO2 emissions by 1,750 tonnes per year. Fig -15: Comparison between common systems and Dynamic Mashrabia system
Fig -16: A single mashrabia unit The mashrabia is spaced 2000 mm from the surface of the glass wall. It has stainless steel supporting frames, aluminium dynamic frames, and fiberglass mesh infill. Each unit is 4200 mm in height and varying between 3600 mm and 5400 mm in width. Each unit is sub-divided into six triangular frames that unfold through a centrally positioned actuator and piston. The largest unit weighs around 625 kg.
Fig -16: A single mashrabia unit The mashrabia is spaced 2000 mm from the surface of the glass wall. It has stainless steel supporting frames, aluminium dynamic frames, and fiberglass mesh infill. Each unit is 4200 mm in height and varying between 3600 mm and 5400 mm in width. Each unit is sub-divided into six triangular frames that unfold through a centrally positioned actuator and piston. The largest unit weighs around 625 kg.
Fig -17: Mashrabia Control Sytem The control software and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) was developed using Siemens’ platform. The HMI allows manual intervention of the operator in case of emergencies, maintenance requirements, etc.
Fig -17: Mashrabia Control Sytem The control software and Human-Machine Interface (HMI) was developed using Siemens’ platform. The HMI allows manual intervention of the operator in case of emergencies, maintenance requirements, etc.
The Shed is an art exhibition center located where the High Line meets Hudson Yards in New York, United States of America. Fig -18: The Shed, New York, United States of America
The Shed is an art exhibition center located where the High Line meets Hudson Yards in New York, United States of America. Fig -18: The Shed, New York, United States of America
Among the several architectural features, the most prominent one is its retractable shell that creates a space, named The McCourt, for large-scale performances, installations, and events. Fig -19: Retractable shell of the Shed
Among the several architectural features, the most prominent one is its retractable shell that creates a space, named The McCourt, for large-scale performances, installations, and events. Fig -19: Retractable shell of the Shed
Fig -20: An interpretation of Cedric Price’s Fun Palace
Fig -20: An interpretation of Cedric Price’s Fun Palace
When not needed, the 4,040-ton steel shell can nest over the base building after being pulled back on a double-wheel track that was built based on gantry crane technology, which is commonly found in shipping yards. Fig -22: Wheels used to retract or extend the steel shell
When not needed, the 4,040-ton steel shell can nest over the base building after being pulled back on a double-wheel track that was built based on gantry crane technology, which is commonly found in shipping yards. Fig -22: Wheels used to retract or extend the steel shell
Fig -21: The shell - when closed and opened ). International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) _e ‘T Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p
Fig -21: The shell - when closed and opened ). International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) _e ‘T Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p
The construction technique and also the ability to supply energy on their own are two of the foremost outstanding options of Dynamic Design buildings. These buildings square measure made from ready-made units, custom-made in a very workshop, to suit terribly high-quality standards, leading to quick construction, value savings, and fewer folks on the website. Table -1: Principles of Sustainable Architecture
The construction technique and also the ability to supply energy on their own are two of the foremost outstanding options of Dynamic Design buildings. These buildings square measure made from ready-made units, custom-made in a very workshop, to suit terribly high-quality standards, leading to quick construction, value savings, and fewer folks on the website. Table -1: Principles of Sustainable Architecture
The Shed uses a radiant heating system within the shell and avariable forced air heating and cooling system serving the occupied portions of the shell for maximum efficiency. The building was designed so as to achieve LEEDSilver certification and to exceed New York’s energy codes by 25%. Fig -23: The McCourt - flexible space formed when the shell is opened
The Shed uses a radiant heating system within the shell and avariable forced air heating and cooling system serving the occupied portions of the shell for maximum efficiency. The building was designed so as to achieve LEEDSilver certification and to exceed New York’s energy codes by 25%. Fig -23: The McCourt - flexible space formed when the shell is opened
5.2 Scope of Kinetic Buildings Table -2: The Features of Dynamic Structure
5.2 Scope of Kinetic Buildings Table -2: The Features of Dynamic Structure

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References (7)

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