Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications

Int. Arab. J. e Technol., 2018

Wireless Sensor Network consists of small battery powered nodes with capabilities of sensing, computation, and wireless communication. In WSNs, many routing, power management and data dissemination protocols have been specially designed where energy awareness is an essential design issue. To achieve better energy efficiency, the focus, however, has been given to the routing protocols which might differ depending on the application and network architecture. In this paper, we mainly focuses on the various routing techniques, design challenges of routing protocols along with the performance issues of each routing technique in wireless sensor networks. Also present comprehensive analysis of different routing techniques used to achieve energy efficiency.

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2017

In these days, wireless sensor network emerging as a promising and interesting area. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN's) are being used in surveillance, industrial monitoring, traffic monitoring, habitat monitoring, health care monitoring, air pollution monitoring, forest fire detection, land slide detection, water quality monitoring, natural disaster prevention, industrial monitoring, cropping monitoring, machine health monitoring and crowd counting etc. which calls for monitoring before taking an appropriate action. The WSN is built from a few to several hundreds or thousands of nodes, where each node is connected to one or sometimes several sensors. Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting.

Ijca Proceedings on International Conference and Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology 2013, 2013

The modern research has found a variety of applications and systems with vastly varying requirements and characteristics in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The research has led to materialization of many application specific routing protocols which must be energy-efficient. As a consequence, it is becoming increasingly difficult to discuss the design issues requirements regarding hardware and software support. Implementation of efficient system in a multidisciplinary research such as WSNs is becoming very difficult. In this paper we discuss the design issues in routing protocols for WSNs by considering its various dimensions and metrics such as QoS requirement, path redundancy etc. The paper concludes by presenting the suitable applications and QoS of routing protocols for WSNs.

2004

ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2011

This paper represents energy efficient routing protocols in WSN. It is a collection of sensor nodes with a set of limited Processor and limited memory unit embedded in it. Reliable routing of packets from the sensor node to its base station is the most important task for the networks. The routing protocols applied for the other networks cannot be used here due to its battery powered nodes This paper gives an overview of the different routing strategies used in wireless sensor networks and gives a brief working model of energy efficient routing protocols in WSN. It also shows the comparison of these different routing protocols based on metrics such as mobility support, stability, issues and latency.

Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Technology, 2014

With the recent technological advances in wireless communications, integrated digital circuits, and micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS); development of wireless sensor networks has been enabled and become dramatically feasible. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are large networks made of a numerous number of sensor nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many various routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been designed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) dependent on both the network architecture and the applications that it is designed for. In this paper, we present the state of the art of wireless sensor networks' architecture and design features. Also, in this paper, we introduce recent work on routing protocols for WSNs and their design goals and challenges. Also, an overview of the application that WSNs assist in is presented. Finally, several open research questions of wireless sensor networks management and issues are suggested and put forward.

International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems, 2012

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of low cost, low power, small in size and multi functional sensor nodes. Routing protocols in WSNs emphasize on data dissemination, limited battery power and bandwidth constraints in order to facilitate efficient working of the network, thereby increasing the lifetime of the network. Routing protocols in WSNs are also application specific which has led to the development of a variety of protocols. Based on the underlying network structure, routing techniques can be classified into three categories: data-centric, hierarchical and location based routing. WSN has a design trade-off between energy and communication overhead which forms the nerve center of the routing techniques. In this paper we present a survey of state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs under all the three categories. We epitomize these routing techniques and bring out the advantages and disadvantages followed by their application domain. The paper concludes with issues open for research.

IEEE Wireless Communications, 2004

Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. In this article we present a survey of state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs. We first outline the design challenges for routing protocols in WSNs followed by a comprehensive survey of routing techniques. Overall, the routing techniques are classified into three categories based on the underlying network structure: flit, hierarchical, and location-based routing. Furthermore, these protocols can be classified into multipath-based, query-based, negotiation-based, QoS-based, and coherentbased depending on the protocol operation. We study the design trade-offs between energy and communication overhead savings in every routing paradigm. We also highlight the advantages and performance issues of each routing technique. The article concludes with possible future research areas.