Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey

— This is an emerging technology for monitoring physical world. The sensor nodes are capable of sensing various types of environmental conditions, have some processing capabilities and ability to communicate the sensed data through wireless communication. Routing algorithms for WSNs are responsible for ensure reliable and effective communication in limited periods and selecting and maintaining the routes in the network. The energy constraint of WSNs make energy saving become the most important objective of various routing algorithms. In this paper, a survey of routing protocols and algorithms used in WSNs is presented with energy efficiency as the main goal.

ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2011

This paper represents energy efficient routing protocols in WSN. It is a collection of sensor nodes with a set of limited Processor and limited memory unit embedded in it. Reliable routing of packets from the sensor node to its base station is the most important task for the networks. The routing protocols applied for the other networks cannot be used here due to its battery powered nodes This paper gives an overview of the different routing strategies used in wireless sensor networks and gives a brief working model of energy efficient routing protocols in WSN. It also shows the comparison of these different routing protocols based on metrics such as mobility support, stability, issues and latency.

IEEE Access, 2018

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient multi-hop routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The nature of sensor nodes with limited batteries and inefficient protocols are the key limiting factors of the sensor network lifetime. We aim to provide for a green routing protocol that can be implemented in a wireless sensor network. Our proposed protocol's most significant achievement is the reduction of the excessive overhead typically seen in most of the routing protocols by employing fixed clustering and reducing the number of cluster head changes. The performance analysis indicates that overhead reduction significantly improves the lifetime as energy consumption in the sensor nodes can be reduced through an energy-efficient protocol. In addition, the implementation of the relay nodes allows the transmission of collected cluster data through inter cluster transmissions. As a result, the scalability of a wireless sensor network can be increased. The usage of relay nodes also has a positive impact on the energy dissipation in the network.

International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems, 2012

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of low cost, low power, small in size and multi functional sensor nodes. Routing protocols in WSNs emphasize on data dissemination, limited battery power and bandwidth constraints in order to facilitate efficient working of the network, thereby increasing the lifetime of the network. Routing protocols in WSNs are also application specific which has led to the development of a variety of protocols. Based on the underlying network structure, routing techniques can be classified into three categories: data-centric, hierarchical and location based routing. WSN has a design trade-off between energy and communication overhead which forms the nerve center of the routing techniques. In this paper we present a survey of state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs under all the three categories. We epitomize these routing techniques and bring out the advantages and disadvantages followed by their application domain. The paper concludes with issues open for research.

International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2016

Wireless Sensor networks are a standout in the midst of the many recent and rousing research disciplines of our time. They comprise impending to be employed for a variety of mission-critical applications. The biggest and most imperative challenge that wireless sensor network is facing these days is energy. There are numerous constraints in the minute sensor nodes like limited memory, power, bandwidth and processing capability. Since the nodes are deployed in an unattended area it makes the energy requirements of these nodes a big concern. Lot of investigation is done in command to formulate proficient routing algorithms which make nominal use of energy giving energy efficient routing protocols for WSNs. This paper gives a concise introduction to wireless sensor networks and its routing schemes classified on the root of network structure. The key focus of this study is on LEACH which is a cluster based routing protocol for sensor networks and several modifications made to LEACH resulting in Modified LEACH (MODLEACH) that boasts the performance even more. MODLEACH is further enhanced to improve energy efficiency for routing protocols in WSNs resulting in EMODLEACH. Finally a comparison is carried out among the different variants of LEACH routing protocol taking several metrics like network lifetime, throughput and cluster head replacements under consideration.

2020

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) contains a group of tiny sensor for monitoring and recording of environment. And the collected data is transferred to the central location or Base Station (BS). Energy is one of the most important resources of sensor node. Energy utilization can be made efficient by selecting proper routing protocols. This paper discuss about some kind of energy efficient

Algorithms, 2020

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are among the most emerging technologies, thanks to their great capabilities and their ever growing range of applications. However, the lifetime of WSNs is extremely restricted due to the delimited energy capacity of their sensor nodes. This is why energy conservation is considered as the most important research concern for WSNs. Radio communication is the utmost energy consuming function in a WSN. Thus, energy efficient routing is necessitated to save energy and thus prolong the lifetime of WSNs. For this reason, numerous protocols for energy efficient routing in WSNs have been proposed. This article offers an analytical and up to date survey on the protocols of this kind. The classic and modern protocols presented are categorized, depending on i) how the network is structured, ii) how data are exchanged, iii) whether location information is or not used, and iv) whether Quality of Service (QoS) or multiple paths are or not supported. In each distinct category, protocols are both described and compared in terms of specific performance metrics, while their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, the study findings are discussed, concluding remarks are drawn, and open research issues are indicated.

In this research work, we advise gateway based energy-efficient routing protocol (M-GEAR) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We divide the sensor nodes into four logical regions on the basis of their location in the sensing field. We install Base Station (BS) out of the sensing area and a gateway node at the centre of the sensing area. If the distance of a sensor node from BS or gateway is less than predefined distance threshold, the node uses direct communication. We divide the rest of nodes into two equal regions whose distance is beyond the threshold distance. We select cluster heads (CHs)in each region which are independent of the other region. These CHs are selected on the basis of a probability. We compare performance of our protocol with LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy). Performance analysis and compared statistic results show that our proposed protocol perform well in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime.