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Outline

Title
Abstract
Finding a System and a Language
On the Hypothesis and Its Falsification
The Case of Bologna
Conclusion
Preparing Territories for Future Uses
The Technique: Introduction
Aachen Mapping Case -Augmented Reality Models
Conclusions
Introduction
Post-Pandemic and Universal Design
Discussion of Research Results
References

Mapping Urban Spaces

Profile image of Lamberto AmistadiLamberto Amistadi

2021

Abstract

Mapping Urban Spaces focuses on medium-sized European cities and more specifically on their open spaces from psychological, sociological, and aesthetic points of view. The chapters illustrate how the characteristics that make life in medium-sized European cities pleasant and sustainable-a ccessibility, ease of travel, urban sustainability, social inclusiveness-can be traced back to the nature of that space. The chapters develop from a phenomenological study of space to contributions on places and landscapes in the city. Centralities and their meaning are studied, as well as the social space and its complexity. The contributions focus on history and theory as well as concrete research and mapping approaches and the resulting design applications. The case studies come from countries around Europe including Poland, Italy, Greece, Germany, and France, among others. The book will be of interest to students, scholars, and practitioners in architecture, urban planning, and landscape architecture. Lamberto Amistadi is an architect and an associate professor in the Department of Architecture at the University of Bologna-Cesena Campus and the coordinator of the ArchéA program. He is the deputy director of the scientific journal FAMagazine, devoted to research and projects concerning architecture and the city, and co-director of the series TECA, Teorie della Composizione architettonica (Naples: Clean). Along with Ildebrando Clemente, he founded and directs the series SOUNDINGS: Theory and Architectural Openness (Florence: Aión), which has included monographic volumes on John Hejduk and Aldo Rossi. He is also the author of numerous publications. Valter Balducci is an architect, has a PhD in architecture (IUAV, 1994), and is a professor at the École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture of Normandie, Rouen-Darnétal. He has been a teacher in the Faculty of Architecture at the Genua University (1990-2000), and a researcher and assistant professor at the Bologna University (2001-2014). Since 2014, he is a full professor in urban design at ENSA of Normandie. His major research interests are focused on urban analysis and history. Since 2003, he has been conducting research on seaside tourism and projects on public space within seaside territories in relation to climate change.

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References (608)

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  75. ArchéA -ARCHitectural European medium-sized city Arrangement. Kartierung städtischer Räume ( Mapping urban spaces): Seminar held in the academic year 2019/ 2020 at the RWTH Aachen, Department of Spatial Design. Head of the Department: Prof.-Univ. Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Schröder, Lecturer: M.Sc. Ilaria Maria Zedda.
  76. See contribution in this volume by Schröder, U. 2021: A Spatial Understanding for Architecture and the City, 8.
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  80. On Roman settlements in Aachen's region, see Curdes, G. 1999. Die Entwicklung des Aachener Stadtraumes: der Einfluß von Leitbildern und Innovationen auf die Form der Stadt. Dortmund: Dort- munder Vertrieb für Bau-und Planungsliteratur, 11 ff.
  81. This leading position, however, was short-lived and soon lost by the early 20th century. See Curdes, G. 1999. Die Entwicklung des Aachener Stadtraumes, 74-79.
  82. 11 Napoleonic rule in Aachen lasted from 1792 to 1814.
  83. The term Gründerzeit refers to the period of rapid industrial development in Germany during the second half of the 19th century, especially following the unification of the country in 1871. On Gründerzeit developments in Aachen, see Curdes, G. 1999. Die Entwicklung des Aachener Stadtrau- mes, 79-86.
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  100. 11 Marches.
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  270. In many French metropolitan cities, ecological anxiety means that public policies are now tend- ing to sanctify any natural elements. The "p ark city" of large housing estates, where renewed at- tractiveness must be correlated with social diversification and transformation of the urban fabric, remains static and ghettoization is doubled.
  271. Designed for the SORGEM ( SEM de l' agglomération du Val d'Orge désormais Coeur d'Essonne agglomération) and the town of B rétigny-s ur-l 'Orge, the urban project Clause Bois Badeau grouped together germe&JAM, Mageo, BET VRD et environnement, Lattitude Nord (l andscape design), and 818 (l ight design). The project Clause Bois Badeau is awarded in 2016 the label "E co- quartier" from the French Ministère du Logement et de l'Habitat durable, winner in 2009 of the award " Nouveaux Quartiers Urbain" from the Région Ile-de-France.
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  443. Abłażewicz-Gornicka, U. 271
  444. Abbott, E. 26 Abdelkrim al Khattabi dam 156 accessibility 175, 194, 197-199, 200, 207, 212, 221, 256, 258, 262-265, 271, 279; mapping urban 262-265, 267-268, 264, 266
  445. Ackerman, J. 83 acropolis 78, 79, 81, 82, 82, 84, 240 administrative boundary 56-57, 284
  446. Agence Ter 142, 142, 154-158, 156, 157, 159
  447. Alberti, L. B. 17, 40, 74, 181, 245
  448. Albrecht, B. 57, 59n9
  449. Alcock G. L. 252
  450. Alexander, C. 39; Pattern Language, A 58 Al Hoceima bay 154-158, 156, 157
  451. Alphand, A. 134 American grid 164 ANRU (Agence nationale pour la rénovation urbaine) 169
  452. Architectural Design Workshop 204, 208, 215 Architectural European Medium-Sized City Arrangement (ARCHEA) 44-45, 46, 48, 48, 50, 52n4, 63, 146, 163n1, 191, 193, 204, 208, 215, 254, 258, 283 architecture: composition 103, 184, 185, 201; modernity and space 8-9; spatiality 8, 11-13 Ardoines project 175-177, 176
  453. Argan, G. C. 74, 223 aristocratic territory 164 Aristotle 17; Politics 78
  454. Arsene-Henry, X. 138 articulated composite cluster 198 Athens 76, 77, 77, 78, 79, 80, 80, 81, 81, 137 augmented reality (AR) 251, 255-256 Autobahn 44 216-218
  455. Aymonino, C. 68, 74n1, 103, 104n4, 184
  456. Bacon, E. N.: Design of Cities 237
  457. Barde, C.: La science des plans des villes 137 Bars (Floyer) 54, 54-55
  458. Barthes, R. 73
  459. Bauman, Z. 89
  460. Behne, A. 120
  461. Benevolo, L. 57
  462. Benjamin, W. 39, 58; Naples 55
  463. Benoit-Levy, G. 136
  464. Benveniste, É. 80
  465. Berlage, H. P. 86-87, 91; Über moderne Bouwkunst 90 Berlin 20, 123, 124, 136
  466. Blyt H. 252
  467. Bofill, R. 111
  468. Bollnow, O. F. 27, 31n6 Bologna 69-72, 70-73, 108; history and geography 106-109; mapping 254-255, 256; metropolitan urban centrality 206-214, 207-213; Urban Plan 109-114
  469. Bononia 106, 107
  470. Bordeaux Metropolitan Area 141 boundary 59n1; forms of 55-58; issues 54-55; threshold 58-59; white walls and black lines 55-56 bourgeois city 164
  471. Bourne, I. 139
  472. Bourne, Michel 139 Bristol 229 building routes 228
  473. Burckhardt, L. 37, 39, 42n10, 42n11, 42n15
  474. Canella, G. 103, 104n4, 183, 184, 191n1, 191n2, 191n3, 191n5, 221
  475. Casabella 92, 182, 183 cellular automata model 252 centrality 119, 120, 126, 142, 185, 190, 194-204, 197, 206-211, 207-209, 214, 214n3, 223; declination of 201, 203, 204; factors 198, 220, 220, 221; field 197-198, 199, 200, 202, 219, 220, 220, 221; space that interprets 198-199 Central Station system 208, 209 Cerchia del Mille 108 Champs-sur-Marne 167-168, 168
  476. Chemetoff, A. 142, 150, 151
  477. de Chirico, G. 92
  478. Choisy, A. 240
  479. Christofellis, A. 191n5 Circla 69, 70, 72 Circle of Thousands 69, 70, 72
  480. Cittaemilia 185, 189, 191n6, 205n5 Clause Bois Badeau project 171-173, 172, 178n17
  481. Clement, G. 147-148, 148 community 58, 76, 79, 88-91, 137, 182, 186, 187, 191, 216, 225, 231, 232, 237, 239, 288 Confini del paessaggio umano (Benevolo and Albrecht) 57 contemporary city 194-195; centrality 196-204, 197, 199, 200, 202, 203; shaped city 195-196, 196
  482. Corner, J. 155 Covent Garden 234 Cracow 123, 125, 125 Crau region 173, 189 CSAC (Centro Studi e Archivio della Comunicazione) 187
  483. Cymer, A. 271
  484. Dardi, C. 221
  485. Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen (Sitte) 17-18, 19
  486. Descartes, R. 27 Design of Cities (Bacon) 237
  487. Desvigne, M. 144, 151
  488. Devillers, C. 165
  489. Die Architektur der Großstadt (Scheffler) 89-90 diffuse city 195 Driescher Hof 215-224, 217-223 Duisburg 121-122, 122
  490. Dumézil, G. 78-79
  491. Einstein, A. 27
  492. Emilia-Romagna 107, 191n8, 193, 216, 224n2 emptiness 68, 99-103 empty space 195-198, 239, 285 ENSA Normandie architecture school 158-161, 159-161 EPAORSA (Grand Paris Amenagement) 178n22
  493. European medium-sized city 225; fabrics 232-234; polarity 225-228; routes 228, 230-232
  494. European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON) 194
  495. Evidence-Based Design (EBD) 263 fabrics 159, 166, 225, 232-234; urban 142 Faculty of Architecture 183, 185, 191n2, 253, 258, 265, 266, 268
  496. Fainstein, S. 262
  497. Farnsworth House (Mies van der Rohe) 9
  498. Faubourg du Bois district 171 figure-ground analysis 195
  499. Flatland (Abbott) 26-27, 31n1 flooding 149, 150, 155, 174-177 Florence 240
  500. Floyer, C.: Bars 54, 54-55
  501. Fontana Vecchia 107 Forensic Architecture 154
  502. Forestier, J. -C. -N. 134-136, 139, 135 form 63-67
  503. France 133, 134, 136, 139, 141, 146, 167, 177n4, 182
  504. Gardella, I. 96, 183, 184 garden city 59, 136, 164, 171-173, 287 General Urban Plan 109-114, 116n7 germe & JAM 165, 168, 170, 172, 174, 176, 177n7 globalization 189 global warming 174
  505. Goethe, J. W. 31, 32n25, 106 GPRU (the grand projet de renouvellement urbain) 169
  506. Grassi, G. 74, 74n1, 191n3 greenspace 133-134, 146-153, 154, 166, 286-288;
  507. Grenelle de l'Environnement 141; open ground 137-139, 138, 140; park system 134-137; territory and 141-144, 142, 143; town planning approach 139-141
  508. Index 293
  509. Grenelle de l'Environnement 141
  510. Grether, F. 144
  511. Grimms Wörterbuch 56-57
  512. Grumbach, A. 141
  513. Gründerzeit 47, 49, 50, 52n12
  514. Gruppo Architettura 103, 104n5
  515. Gutton, A. 137 GZM (Gornośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolia) 253-254, 254, 255, 257-258 habituated boundary 56-59
  516. Haider, J. 271, 272
  517. Halbwach, M. 77
  518. Hamilton D. K. 263
  519. Heidegger, M. 28, 31n10
  520. Hénard, E. 134 Hippodamus 78 History of Architecture (Choisy) 240
  521. Howard, E. 136, 287 hypothesis on the nuclear city (Trincanato) 96-97, 97 informal city 228
  522. Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia (IUAV) 63, 96-98, 99-102, 103, 183, 184, 191n3 Italy 63, 94, 95, 106-109, 181-184, 189, 214n4, 283, 289; see also Parma Jameson, F. 87-88 Jardin en Mouvement (Garden in Motion) 147-148
  523. Joseph-von-Görres-Straße 47, 49-50, 50
  524. Jülicher Straße 44-52, 46-48, 50
  525. Just City, The (Fainstein) 262
  526. Kahn, I. 237
  527. Kalache, A. 271
  528. Kaplan, M. 271 Katschhof 40, 40
  529. Koetter, F. 22, 23, 24n23
  530. Konigsstadt/Königsstadt 123, 124
  531. Krier, R. 19-23; Stadtraum in Theorie und Praxis 19-22, 21, 24n17
  532. La Bolognina 109, 110, 114 Laboratory of Architecture 60+ Foundation (LAB 60+) 270, 277, 280n2
  533. La Charte de l'urbanisme (Gutton) 137
  534. la Circla 108
  535. Lacis, A. 58; Naples 55
  536. La città dei musei 87
  537. Lafayette Park (Mies van der Rohe) 12 land consumption 185, 194, 195, 205n8, 215, 284, 286
  538. La Prairie de l'Abbé 149-150 La science des plans des villes (Rey, Barde and Pidoux) 137
  539. Laugier, M. -A. 133-134 Le Champ Libre 148
  540. Le Corbusier 22, 74, 79-80, 99, 104n1, 137, 139, 285, 287
  541. Lefebvre, H. 31n4, 118-119
  542. Le Havre 150, 151, 151
  543. Leibniz, G. W. 27, 31n3 Lesko 270, 276-277, 277, 278, 279
  544. Les Mureaux 169, 170, 173, 177n9, 177n10
  545. Leveau, T. 139 liminality 57 linear cluster 198
  546. Lods, M. 137-, 138
  547. Loos, A. 91
  548. Loraux, N. 76, 82
  549. Loudon, J. C. 136
  550. Lynch, K. 18, 236, 237, 246n3, 254, 256, 256, 258
  551. Madonna del Soccorso 69, 70, 71, 72, 72
  552. Maldonado, T. 110 mapping 15-23, 23n3, 26, 28-31, 31n18, 35-37, 42n2, 44, 45, 51, 52n4, 55, 56, 65, 154-155, 251-252; Aachen 255-256, 257, 258; Al Hoceima bay 155-158, 156, 157, 159, 161, 163n5; augmented reality 255-256; Bologna 254-255, 256; and designing space 22-23; 3D models 252, 254-258, 255-258; GZM 253-254, 254; PBL method 252-253; territory and 158-162, 159-162; urban circle of life 262-267, 264, 266
  553. Margherita Gardens 69, 70 Marinarezza complex 233
  554. Marx, K. 84, 123 Mastercampus 188 mathematics 26-29 matrix route 228, 230
  555. Matteotti Bridge 208, 209 Meaning in the visual arts (Panofsky) 67-68 medium-sized European cities 30-31, 68, 118, 146, 193-194, 197, 201, 225-234, 236, 237 mental health 267 Metropolis of Rouen Normandie 148 metropolitan urban centrality 204, 206-214, 208, 219, 221 Mies van der Rohe, L. 9, 12
  556. Miramas 173, 174, 178n19 Modena 125-127, 126, 185, 187-189, 191n10
  557. Modern Movement 103, 284 Monastery of San Francesco 69, 70, 71
  558. Mönninger, M. 57-58 monument 16, 17, 17, 65, 68-73, 87, 90, 91, 107, 123, 137, 181, 184, 210, 234, 238, 240
  559. Mount Oliveto 72 multigenerational space 270, 279; in Lesko 276-277, 278, 279; literature analysis 272; public spaces 271, 274, 275; WDS project 273, 276
  560. Municipal Structure Plan (PSC) 114, 116n8
  561. Muratori, S. 22, 65-66, 67, 74n1, 97-99, 183
  562. Naples (Benjamin and Lacis) 55 natural spaces 133, 134, 136, 139-141, 142, 144, 147, 150, 164-168; Ardoines project 175-177, 176; Champ-sur-Marne 167-168, 168; Clause Bois Badeau project 171-173, 172; Les Mureaux 169, 170, 173; Miramas 173, 174; see also greenspace "Nature" in the heart of the town. Matthäus Mérian 167 neighborhood unit 232-234
  563. Neumeyer, F. 51, 52n14 neurodiversity 267 New Hospital of Venice 98-99
  564. Nolli, G. B. 16, 17, 18-19, 21, 35, 42n5; Nuova Pianta di Roma 16, 16-17
  565. Nuova Pianta di Roma (Nolli) 16, 16-17, 22
  566. Nuova Sacca del Tronchetto 98
  567. Olivetti, A. 182, 246n1
  568. Olmsted, F. L. 134-135 "ON AIR" exhibition 152, 152-153 open ground 137-141, 138, 140
  569. Osty, J. 143, 143
  570. Oued Nekôr 157
  571. Padua 17, 63-64, 64, 74n1, 74n2, 184
  572. Panofsky, E.: Meaning in the visual arts 67-68 Parco del Navile 210, 212-213
  573. Pardié (Schröder) 13, 31n8, 36-37, 42n6, 44, 52n3, 52n5-8, 55-56 park city 169-173, 172, 173, 178n16 park system 134-137, 139
  574. Parma 74n3, 115n5, 181-191, 186-190, 187, 193, 196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 204, 231, 236-246, 241, 243
  575. Pasolini, P. P. 90-91 passive boundaries 35, 37, 56
  576. Pattern Language, A (Alexander, Ishikawa and Silverstein) 42n16, 58
  577. Perec, G. 27, 31n7, 32n26 Pfalzkapelle 221, 223 physics 27-28, 31n11 Piano regolatore e di ampliamento 109, 110
  578. Piazza della Signoria 240
  579. Pidoux, J.: La science des plans des villes 137
  580. Piketty, T. 80 place-spaces 239
  581. Plouffe, L. 271, 272
  582. Polesello, G. 101, 102, 103, 104n2, 104n4-5, 184, 191n3, 246n7
  583. Politics (Aristotle) 78 polycentric relationship system 204, 204n1, 207, 214n3 poly-cluster 198, 220-221
  584. Popper, K. 30, 32n17, 32n19, 32n22-27 Post-occupancy Evaluation (POE) 263-264 PPRI (Plan de prévention du risque inondation) 175
  585. Program Plan of the Historic Center of Palermo (Samonà) 65, 66, 75n5
  586. Project-Based Learning (PBL) formula 252-253
  587. Quaroni, L. 236, 246n1 radiant city 164 red-blue plan 28-29, 36-37, 38, 44-46, 48, 48-51, 50
  588. Reihnische Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) 13n8, 34, 44, 52n4 relational cluster 198 revolutionary didactic approach 95
  589. Rey, A. -A.: La science des plans des villes 137
  590. Risler, G. 136
  591. Rogers, E. N. 88-89, 92, 183, 191n4
  592. Rohde, E. 77
  593. Rossi, A. 16, 22, 23n11, 44, 52n1, 65, 72, 74, 74n1, 74n2, 76, 77, 83, 84, 102-103, 121, 183, 184, 191n3, 221, 246n2 routes 228, 230-232, 230
  594. Rowe, C. 21-23, 24n23, 177n1, 195
  595. Samonà, G. 64, 73, 95, 96, 99, 101, 102, 102, 103, 183, 184, 239, 285; Program Plan of the Historic Center of Palermo 65, 66,75n5 Sancta Hjerusalem 72
  596. San Giovanni Evangelista 72, 242, 243, 244, 245
  597. Santa Maria dei Servi 71
  598. Santa Maria della Visitazione al Ponte delle Lame 72, 73 Scagliarini studio 112, 112-114, 113
  599. Scheffler, K.: Die Architektur der Großstadt 89-90
  600. Schmidt, H. 119 School of Venice, The 94-98, 103
  601. Schröder, U. 34, 51; Pardié 10, 11, 13, 36-37, 44, 55-56
  602. Schroer, M. 55, 59n3
  603. Schwellenatlas (Stalder) 58, 59n4 selenite walls 107 semantic densification 68, 69 semantic image 226, 226
  604. Semerani, L. 65, 74n1, 99-102, 103
  605. Sereni, E. 106 shaped city 195-196, 196, 201, 206, 207, 216, 218
  606. Simon, J. 136
  607. Sitte, C. 11, 22, 23, 238; Der Städtebau nach seinen künstlerischen Grundsätzen 17-18, 19, 42n17 social-construction neighborhood 233-234
  608. Sörgel, H. 13n1, 39, 42n20 spatial boundary 56-59

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