Water Melon Seed as a Potential Coagulant for Water Treatment

2020

The treatment of turbid water by coagulation-flocculation was found to be the most common and cost-effective method. Over the years, chemical coagulants have been widely applied to enhance the coagulation process. However, the utilisation of chemical coagulants exhibits several drawbacks, including generation of voluminous sludge and being non-biodegradable as well as toxic compounds to aquatic life. Due to global concerns over the harmful effects, the application of natural coagulants is a promising solution. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the potential of plant-based natural coagulants to replace chemical coagulants for water treatment. Fruit seeds (Carica papaya, Nephelium mutabile, and Euphoria malaiense seeds) and plant leaves (Pandanus, Centella asiatica, and Cymbopogon citratus leaves) were selected as natural coagulants in this study. A series of jar tests were performed using raw water from a water treatment plant. The effects of pH and coagulant dosage ...

— Studies were carried out to determine the effects of operating parameters such as temperature, pH, dosage and mixing speed on the efficiency of watermelon seed in removing the turbidity and colour of Atabong River, which serves the people of Eket and their environs in Akwa-Ibom State. Results obtained showed that at an ideal pH of 7.5, temperature of 25 o C, dosage of 0.6g/l and mixing speed of 120rpm the water melon coagulum removed turbidity and colour of the raw river water by 87.9% and 84.3% respectively. At this optimum conditions, water melon coagulum decreased the raw water turbidity from 67.7 to 8.18 NTU and colour, 318 to 50 TCU. The findings have demonstrated the effectiveness of water melon seeds as a possible replacement for chemicals like alum and ferric salts normally used in coagulation-flocculation water treatment.

2019

Natural coagulants are now proving to be good substitutes for chemical coagulants due to their availability, cost effectiveness, nontoxic and biodegradable natures. In this research work, the treatment of highly turbid surface water by coagulation method with sesame and peanut seeds as a natural coagulant has been investigated. This study investigates the potential, suitability, effectiveness and efficiency of sesame and peanut seeds as an environmental friendly and natural coagulant for the treatment of high turbid water, and the effect of each one of the coagulant on the pH of the water, as well as a comparison between the two natural coagulant as which one is more effective in removing the turbidity from water. The sesame and peanut seeds have been used after extraction of the active coagulation component by distilled water and salt solution. The results obtained from the jar test showed that peanut seeds extracted with KCL could effectively remove 88.3% of the 340 NTU turbidity ...

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia, 2020

This study focused on the comparative analyses between the alum synthesized from aluminum can and natural coagulant synthesized from watermelon seed in water treatment. It also involved the identification of phytochemical groups of watermelon seed cake. The two different synthesized coagulants were used in jar test analysis; the result obtained showed a good elimination of turbidity and suspended solid particles. The pH of the natural coagulant of the treated water falls within the range of 6.9 to 7.2. Alkaloid tannins, saponin, anthracene and flavonoid were found present in the watermelon seed cake. Moreover, the result from the research showed that both the natural coagulant synthesized from watermelon seed and the one synthesized from aluminum cans could be used as good flocculant in surface water treatment.

International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, 2021

Now a day's more interest has been concentrated on the identification of natural and alternative coagulant materials. In this study, a natural coagulant like Soyabean seed, Mustard seed, Pumpkin seeds and Watermelon seeds were suggested as a substitute for alum. It is readily available and commonly recognizable in most urban and rural communities. The powdered material is obtained from the seeds were used to test coagulant rate and dose. This study mainly focused on the removal of turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), Hardness and pH of sample. Turbidity and other chemical characteristics of surface water sample were measured before and after the Jar test by using portable instruments. The experiments were carried out with coagulant dosage of 0

One of the problems with treatment of surface water is the large variation in turbidity which is caused by polluted water. Commonly used chemicals for various treatment units are synthetic inorganic and organic. In most cases, these are expensive as they are required in higher dose and do not show cost effectiveness. Many of the chemicals are also associated with environmental and human health problemsic substances. Because of that we are using natural coagulants like cicer aritinum, peanut and sesame seed. Turbidity of water is obtained after treating with the above three natural coagulants with the concentration of coagulant solution as 2 %. From the results obtained it was observed that water treated with sesame seeds obtained comparatively lesser values for turbidity. The value for pH was obtained satisfactorily for water treated with sesame seeds. So sesame was selected as the best natural coagulant from the three coagulants used. Although the result obtained for turbidity after water treatment with 2 % solution was not satisfactory when compared with Alum which used as chemical coagulant. So 3% solution of sesame seeds was prepared and was treated with water. pH and turbidity of the water treated with 3% solutions of sesame seeds were obtained. From the obtained results it was clear that 3% solution of sesame seeds had given the lowest turbidity.

A&WMA’s 112th Annual Conference & Exhibition, 2019

This study shows the treatment of surface water used for drinking and food industries with tannin and moringa as alternative plant-based coagulants. Tannin is a naturally occurring water-soluble substance found in trees and plants at barks, leaves, seeds, and fruits. It is present among the ingredients in many food products. Moringa is a native South Asian species, used as a vegetable and herbal medicine. Lime and alum are used as datum coagulants in this treatment. The efficiency of the coagulation process to remove suspended contaminants is measured and compared using turbidity, and pH at standard room temperature level. When compared to the present treatment technologies, the method selected in this treatment is one of the most economical. The results before and after the treatment with plant-based coagulants are compared with the results of lime and alum. The optimum concentrations and dosages of each coagulant presented and compared in the results. The maximum efficiencies of treatment at their optimum dosages are analyzed with descriptive statistics. This method is recommended after the preliminary screening and straining in the water treatment process.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

This study investigates the potential of peanut seeds as an environmental friendly and natural coagulant for the treatment of high turbid water. The peanut seeds have been used after oil extraction; and the active coagulation component was extracted by distilled water and salt solution of different salt concentrations. The salts used were NaCl, KNO 3 , KCl , NH 4 Cl and NaNO 3. Synthetic water with 200 NTU turbidity was used. Peanut extracted with NaCl (PC-NaCl) could effectively remove 92% of the 200 NTU turbidity using only 20 mg/l, while peanut seeds extracted with distilled water (PC-DW) could remove only 31.5% of the same turbidity with the same dosage. The coagulant dosage did not affected by the concentration of the salt solution, however, residual turbidity decreased with increasing the concentration of the salt; and the relationship was found to be a second order polynomial curve with R 2 of 0.9312. The other salts tested were also found to be good solvents to extract the active coagulation component with no much difference from NaCl solution in terms of efficiency.

Water Practice & Technology

Natural coagulants can be an alternative solution to minimise the environmental pollution and health risks caused by the use of chemical coagulants. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of groundnut extract for turbidity removal from water. For this, the active coagulant agents were extracted from the deshelled nuts and used in a series of water treatment tests performed at low, medium, and high turbidity levels using synthetic turbid water. The groundnut extract showed good coagulative abilities, close to those of Al2(SO4)3. The best performance was obtained at medium turbidity (150 NTU), where the extract removed 89% of the turbidity using a 500 mg/L dosage. However, it was not as efficient as Al2(SO4)3, whose coagulation was better at every turbidity level. The use of the groundnut extract does not modify the water's pH significantly and the floc size decreases as turbidity increases, although they are bigger than those produced by Al2(SO4)3. It...

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022

Water pollution is any chemical, natural, or... Biological change in water quality with adverse effect Influence on anything alive that he drinks, uses, or lives when. Humans drink contaminated water that often has serious effects on humans. It is a removal technique for their health water purification. Undesired chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended the solids and gases of water may reduce water taping. The concentration of a set of dissolved and particle materials Chemical vectors are usually common as iron salts and... Aluminium is used in this commonly used mutant. Aluminium sulphate is known as Alum when added to: Raw water interacts with the dicarbon matches found in Water is a gluten deposition that attracts this factor. Other microparticles and suspended materials in raw water. The liquid settles at the bottom of the container. However, using this process can be costly and may have harmful effects on people if too much is taken. In order to overcome the limitations of conventional coagulants, natural coagulants such as Neem leaves, Tulsi leaves moringa oleifera and tamarind seed powder are used. In this study, the effectiveness of different types of chemical coagulants was compared. Alum was found to be more effective than natural coagulants such as Neem leaves, Tulsi leaves, moringa oleifera and tamarind seed powder. The maximum turbidity reduction of alum, moringa oleifera, tamarind, Tulsi leaves, Neem leaves was found to be 97.2%, 92.8%, 70.34%, 72.54%, 65.89%. Using a locally available natural coagulant was found to be suitable, easier, and cheaper than using more traditional methods, and it was also more environmentally friendly. I.