Carbon dioxide emissions from coal based power generation in India

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2013

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

The Drastic increase of CO 2 emission in the last 30 years is due to the combustion of fossil fuels and it causes a major change in the environment such as global warming. In India, the emission of fossil fuels is developed in the recent years. The alternate energy sources are not sufficient to meet the values of this emission reduction and the framework of climate change demands the emission reduction, the CCS technology can be used as a mitigation tool which evaluates the feasibility for implementation of this technology in India. CCS is a process to capture the carbon dioxide from large sources like fossil fuel station to avoid the entrance of CO 2 in the atmosphere. IPCC accredited this technology and its path for mitigation for the developing countries. In this paper, we present the technologies of CCS with its development and external factors. The main goal of this process is to avoid the release the CO 2 into the atmosphere and also investigates the sequestration and mitigation technologies of carbon.

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

Perovskites are mixed-metal oxides that are attracting much scientific and application interest owing to their low price, adaptability, and thermal stability, which often depend on bulk and surface characteristics. These materials have been extensively explored for their catalytic, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. They are promising candidates for the photocatalytic splitting of water and have also been extensively studied for environmental catalysis applications. Oxygen and cation non-stoichiometry can be tailored in a large number of perovskite compositions to achieve the desired catalytic activity, including multifunctional catalytic properties. Despite the extensive uses, the commercial success for this class of perovskite-based catalytic materials has not been achieved for vehicle exhaust emission control or for many other environmental applications. With recent advances in synthesis techniques, including the preparation of supported perovskites, and increasing understanding of promoted substitute perovskite-type materials, there is a growing interest in applied studies of perovskitetype catalytic materials. We have studied a number of perovskites based on Co, Mn, Ru, and Fe and their substituted compositions for their catalytic activity in terms of diesel soot oxidation, three-way catalysis, N 2 O decomposition, low-temperature CO oxidation, oxidation of volatile organic compounds, etc. The enhanced catalytic activity of these materials is attributed mainly to their altered redox properties, the promotional effect of co-ions, and the increased exposure of catalytically active transition metals in certain preparations. The recent lowering of sulfur content in fuel and concerns over the cost and availability of precious metals are responsible for renewed interest in perovskite-type catalysts for environmental applications.

Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2018

Purpose Desmoplastic stroma is a cardinal feature of primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), but its effects on the biology, prognosis, and therapeutic outcomes in the disease are not known. We developed an automated method to assess tumor stroma density (TSD) and investigated computed tomography (CT) correlates of stroma in PDA. Patients and Methods We collected PDA samples from rapid autopsy and resection series and digitally annotated samples to quantify TSD. A series of patients who had undergone resection also underwent preoperative multiphasic CT imaging. Results Automated and manual assessments of TSD were highly correlated (ρ = 0.65; P < .001). Solid organ metastases had a lower median TSD than primary tumors (P < .001). Patients whose tumors had high TSD had prolonged recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51; P = .003) and overall survival (HR = 0.57; P = .008). In another independent dataset, patients whose tumors had high TSD had decreased risk for recurrence (HR = 0.03; P = .003) and death (HR = 0.03; P = .003) at time of resection; however, the protective effect of high TSD diminished over time. Patients with a normalized portovenous phase CT tumor enhancement ratio ≥ 0.40 had a longer time to recurrence after resection (P = .020). Normalized portovenous phase CT tumor enhancement ratio was significantly correlated with TSD (P = .003). Conclusion Objective quantitative assessment of stroma in PDA revealed several clinically relevant observations. Stroma was less abundant in metastatic PDA, the primary cause of mortality associated with PDA. High stromal content correlated with favorable outcome in patients with resected tumors, implying a protective effect of stroma and suggesting careful consideration of active stromal depletion therapies. Standard, multiphase CT imaging correlated with stroma content and clinical outcome, indicating that noninvasive assessment of stroma is a feasible sensitivity enrichment approach in PDA.

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B, 2020

This paper presents the practical analytical study of the existing water supply of the quarters and hostels buildings of the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, and also design of smart intelligent water supply system through automation to achieve energy efficiency with improved system reliability. For this zone of university, the water is supplied in two stages, i.e., supply from the well which is about 700 m away from the distribution ground level tank and from this ground level tank water is distributed to various hostel and quarter buildings. The pipeline from well is 100 mm and the pump used is submersible 10HP. The daily water transmission is about 2.5 lacs liter of water, and the pump runs for more than 8 h daily round the year. The water distribution from ground level tank is through 80-mm pipeline by monoblock pumpset of 10 HP. The efficiency of pump system depends on its operation on performance curve according to its operating point. In this work, the system curve is prepared by using pipe loss nomogram, by using the Google Earth navigation for pipeline length and static head calculations. The operation of pump system along system curve is simulated by using the Python. The significant power saving can be achieved through five steps, i.e., the automation of the water supply system, reduction of flow rate (variable-frequency drive) to minimize head loss, power factor correction capacitor, (to provide the required kvar to the motor), use of the 24 9 7 programmable timers which will switch On and OFF the pump motor as per setting and avoid unnecessary running of the pump and taking benefit of TOD tariff. The operation of pump during night hours benefits both electrical utility and also the university. There exists the opportunity for the reduction of GHG emission by implementation of the above five steps. To simulate the flow reduction scope, the Python is used. The use of the VFD drive and the automation of the water supply system result in the significant savings in both energy cost and GHG emissions. Also the automation results in the reliability of the supply with the avoiding overflow of the water which also results in the water conservation. For motors used for driving the pumps, the consumption of the electrical energy is proportional to the cube of the flow rate. Therefore, relatively small reduction in the flow rate may result in significant energy savings. There is possibility for triple saving that is thousands of electricity units, lacs liter of water and tones of greenhouse gas.