Administrative Decisions in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

Public Management Review, 2018

Artificial intelligence (AI) extends the limits of current performance in data processing and analysis many times over. Since this states a great improvement in managing public data, this conceptual study discusses the use of AI in public management structures in connection with their risks and side effects. The exercise of state power and public influence through intelligent machines make ethical and political guidelines essential for their operation, constituting the cornerstones of the AI framework model developed here. The organizational structure and technical specification are additional aspects of the AI that determine design and functionality of the framework model in practical application.

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration

Artificial intelligence arising from the use of machine learning is rapidly being developed and deployed by governments to enhance operations, public services, and compliance and security activities. This article reviews how artificial intelligence is being used in public sector for automated decision making, for chatbots to provide information and advice, and for public safety and security. It then outlines four public administration challenges to deploying artificial intelligence in public administration: accuracy, bias and discrimination; legality, due process and administrative justice; responsibility, accountability, transparency and explainability; and power, compliance and control. The article outlines technological and governance innovations that are being developed to address these challenges.

14th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 2021

Traditionally public decision-makers have been given discretion in many of the decisions they have to make in how to comply with legislation and policies. In this way, the context and specific circumstances can be taken into account when making decisions. This enables more acceptable solutions, but at the same time, discretion might result in treating individuals differently. With the advance of AI-based decisions, the role of the decision-makers is changing. The automation might result in fully automated decisions, humansin-the-loop or AI might only be used as recommender systems in which humans have the discretion to deviate from the suggested decision. The predictability of and the accountability of the decisions might vary in these circumstances, although humans always remain accountable. Hence, there is a need for human-control and the decision-makers should be given sufficient authority to control the system and deal with undesired outcomes. In this direction this paper analyzes the degree of discretion and human control needed in AI-driven decision-making in government. Our analysis is based on the legal requirements set/posed to the administration, by the extensive legal frameworks that have been created for its operation, concerning the rule of law, the fairness-non-discrimination, the justifiability and accountability, and the certainty/ predictability.

Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu im. Adam Mickiewicza

Artificial intelligence is becoming an element of everyday life, and also a part of administrative proceedings. The legislator systematically adds regulations that allow public administration bodies to use artificial intelligence. At the same time, the Code of Administrative Procedure has not been amended in this respect. The article tries to establish what artificial intelligence evidence is. In addition, the issue of whether the rules on administrative evidence should be changed to cover the use of AI evidence is examined.

SİYASAL: Journal of Political Sciences, 2022

Technological advancements have created notable turning points throughout the history of humanity. Influential transformations in the administrative structures are the result of modern technological discoveries. The artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystems and algorithms now affect daily lives, communities, and government structures more than ever. Governments are the main coordinators of technological transition and supervisors of the activities of modern public administration systems. Hence, public administration and policies have crucial responsibilities in integrating, governing, and regulating AI technology. Integrating AI into public administration and the policy-making process allows numerous opportunities. However, AI technology also contains many threats and risks in economic, social, and even political structures in the long term. This article concentrates on the big questions of AI in the public administration and policy literature. The big questions discussion started in 1995 by Robert Behn drawing attention to the big questions as the primary driving force of a public administration research agenda. The fundamental motivation of the big questions approach is shaped by the fact that "questions are as important as answers." This article aims to identify big questions and discuss potential answers and solutions from an AI governance research agenda perspective.

As we move further into the technological era, it's important for public administration to embrace this transition rather than resist it. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into public services and its policymaking offers a remarkable opportunity to enhance governance in numerous ways. AI has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy, effectiveness, and integrity of public administration policies and service delivery.

Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Iuridica, 2024

The computerization of public administration tasks is a reality. In contrast, the intelligence of public administration is shrouded in myths. For many decades, administrative science has contributed to the clarification of this distinction. Digital constitutionalism and technology-oriented administrative law doctrine have recently been added to this research. The basic regulations, proposed and adopted within individual states, in the European Union and in international organizations, whether it concerns the protection of personal data, cyber security, or artificial intelligence, do establish new tasks for public administration, but they affect methods rather than forms of administrative activity. Emerging technology raises concerns about the ability to understand artificial reasoning and its methods of classification, personalization, and prediction. It is questionable to assume that all actions can be quantified and thus everything becomes objective. Technology compounds the situation and has its own imperative.

Information polity, 2020

Algorithmic decision-making is neither a recent phenomenon nor one necessarily associated with artificial intelligence (AI), though advances in AI are increasingly resulting in what were heretofore human decisions being taken over by, or becoming dependent on, algorithms and technologies like machine learning. Such developments promise many potential benefits, but are not without certain risks. These risks are not always well understood. It is not just a question of machines making mistakes; it is the embedding of values, biases and prejudices in software which can discriminate against both individuals and groups in society. Such biases are often hard either to detect or prove, particularly where there are problems with transparency and accountability and where such systems are outsourced to the private sector. Consequently, being able to detect and categorise these risks is essential in order to develop a systematic and calibrated response. This paper proposes a simple taxonomy of decision-making algorithms in the public sector and uses this to build a risk management framework with a number of components including an accountability structure and regulatory governance. This framework is designed to assist scholars and practitioners interested in ensuring structured accountability and legal regulation of AI in the public sphere.

Eastern Journal of European Studies, 2024

The exponential growth in the uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows dramatic and long-lasting consequences on social reality in our days. Governments see themselves confronted with the need to supervise and regulate the difficult transition toward a “fourth industrial revolution”, as some experts already describe such a development. Public regulation is expected to address diverse areas. In the first place, the legal and ethical dilemmas around the functioning and programming of AI must be determined and resolved—as far as possible. Secondly, the uses of AI as a tool for public decision-making have to be explored and operationalized. Finally, citizens’ rights must be guaranteed against new and unexpected threats that result from these new technologies. In the present article, we propose to analyse and discuss the development and reception of AI by Latin American governments, considering in particular the recently adopted Ibero American Charter on Artificial Intelligence in Civil Service.