Building Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in variety of fields which includes military, healthcare, environmental, biological, home and other commercial applications. With the huge advancement in the field of embedded computer and sensor technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which is composed of several thousands of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing, actuating, and relaying the collected information, have made remarkable impact everywhere. This paper presents an overview of the various research issues in WSN based applications.

International Journal of Mathematical Archive ( …, 2011

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new and emerging type of sensor networks that contain sensor nodes equipped with a radio transceiver, other wireless communications devices like a small microcontroller and an energy source, usually a battery. Wireless ...

2018

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a state-of-the-art system that uses electronic sensors to monitor a particular phenomenon. This paper focuses on providing a short review of existing literature on WSN technology. It highlights the existing architectures, applications, challenges and possible solutions.

charm.cs.uiuc.edu

Wireless ad-hoc sensor networks have recently emerged as a premier research topic. They have great long-term economic potential, ability to transform our lives and pose many new system-building challenges. Sensor networks pose a number of new conceptual and optimization problems such as location, deployment and tracking in that many applications rely on them for needed information. The past works are scattered across all of the systems layers: from physical layer to data link layer to network and application layer. In this report, we present an overview of wireless sensor networks and issues involved in employing them. We make an attempt to provide a snapshot of solutions proposed in recently published literature for different issues like Medium Access Control, Data Dissemination, Security and Coverage determination.

2015

The development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) was originally motivated for military applications such as battlefield surveillance. However, in recent years it has gained popularity in many civilian applications: such as habitat monitoring, healthcare, home automation, traffic control and environmental monitoring. As more low cost, low power and multifunctional sensor nodes are being deployed, security in such sensor networks become one of the prominent issues in WSN. Recent advances in wireless networks did not give the necessary attention to security with regard to device constraints, since they base their design on legacy wireless networks. As more security solutions are being proposed in WSN, there is an increase in the lack of coordination between various security measures at different layers, leading to functional redundancy and increased overhead. As WSN scale to a very large number, current malicious node detection schemes will be resource intensive and inefficient Therefore, new approaches are being sought to efficiently use information from different protocol layers to propose security. They not only focus on layer interactions within a node, but also adapt to changes in the network conditions and adaptively optimize cross-layer interactions across different nodes. It has been shown that pairing based crypto operations are possible on sensor nodes (motes) and a completely new security suite is being developed for WSN using Identity based Cryptography. In this paper, we propose a new cross-layer design approach for WSN using Identity based cryptography. This approach combines cross-layer design principles along with Identity based Cryptography to provide a new set of security solutions, which could be more efficient in storage, computation and energy.

Sensor networks consist of a set of sensor nodes, each equipped with one or more sensors, communication subsystems, storage and processing resources, and in some cases actuators. The sensors in a node observe phenomena such as thermal, optic, acoustic, seismic, and acceleration events, while the processing and other components analyze the raw data and formulate answers to specific user requests. Recent advances in technology have paved the way for the design and implementation of new generations of sensor network nodes, packaged in very small and inexpensive form factors with sophisticated computation and wireless communication abilities. Although still at infancy, these new classes of sensor networks, generally referred to as wireless sensor networks (WSN), show great promise and potential with applications ranging in areas that have already been addressed, to domains never before imagined. In this article we provide an overview of this new and exciting field and a brief discussion on the factors pushing the recent flurry of sensor network related research and commercial undertakings. We also provide overview discussions on architectural design characteristics of such networks including physical components, software layers, and higher level services. At each step, we highlight special characteristics of WSNs and discuss why existing approaches and results from wireless communication networks are not necessarily suitable in WSN domains. We conclude by briefly summarizing the state of the art and the future research directions.

Wireless Sensor Networks - Design, Deployment and Applications, 2021

Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with identifying component by sensing, computation, and wireless communications infrastructure capabilities. Many path searching means routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide several types of applications providing comfortable and smart-economic life. A multidisciplinary research area such as wireless sensor networks, where close collaboration in some users, application domain experts, hardware designers, and software developers is needed to implement efficient systems. The easy molding, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low price, and rapid deployment features of sensor networks create various new and thrilling application areas for remote sensing. In the future, this wide range of app...

2012

This article provides an overview of wireless sensor networks, their architecture, application areas, and some open research issues. This article is submitted to the G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering and Management as a part of partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Master of Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunication (VLSI and Embedded Systems Design) of the University of Pune in the academic year 2011-2012. Wireless sensors and wireless sensor networks have recently come to the forefront of the scientific community. This results from the increasingly smaller-sized devices being engineering, enabling many applications. The use of these sensors and the possibility of organizing them into networks have revealed many research issues and have highlighted new ways to cope with specific problems. A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. Each node consists of processing capability that may contain multiple types of memory (program, data and flash memories), have an RF transceiver (usually with a single omnidirectional antenna), have a power source (e.g., batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various sensors.

In this research work, a survey on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and their technologies, standards and applications was carried out. Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have b een s pecifically designed f or W SNs w here energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. A multidisciplinary research area such as wireless sensor networks, where close collaboration between users, application domain experts, hardware designers, and software developers is needed to implement efficient systems. The flexibility, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low cost, and rapid deployment characteristics of sensor networks create many new and exciting application areas for remote sensing. In the future, this wide range of application areas will make sensor networks an integral part of our lives. However, realization of sensor networks needs to satisfy the constraints introduced by factors such as f ault t olerance, s calability, c ost, hardware, topology change, environment, and power consumption.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as the environment, the application's design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. The goal of our survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature since the publication of [I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, A survey on sensor networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002]. Following a top-down approach, we give an overview of several new applications and then review the literature on various aspects of WSNs. We classify the problems into three different categories: (1) internal platform and underlying operating system, (2) communication protocol stack, and (3) network services, provisioning, and deployment. We review the major development in these three categories and outline new challenges.