Wireless Sensor Network: Issues & Challenges

Sensor networks consist of a set of sensor nodes, each equipped with one or more sensors, communication subsystems, storage and processing resources, and in some cases actuators. The sensors in a node observe phenomena such as thermal, optic, acoustic, seismic, and acceleration events, while the processing and other components analyze the raw data and formulate answers to specific user requests. Recent advances in technology have paved the way for the design and implementation of new generations of sensor network nodes, packaged in very small and inexpensive form factors with sophisticated computation and wireless communication abilities. Although still at infancy, these new classes of sensor networks, generally referred to as wireless sensor networks (WSN), show great promise and potential with applications ranging in areas that have already been addressed, to domains never before imagined. In this article we provide an overview of this new and exciting field and a brief discussion on the factors pushing the recent flurry of sensor network related research and commercial undertakings. We also provide overview discussions on architectural design characteristics of such networks including physical components, software layers, and higher level services. At each step, we highlight special characteristics of WSNs and discuss why existing approaches and results from wireless communication networks are not necessarily suitable in WSN domains. We conclude by briefly summarizing the state of the art and the future research directions.

Recent Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks, 2011

Handbook of Sensor Networks, 2005

This chapter introduces the topic of wireless sensor networks from the applications perspective. A wireless sensor network consists of a possibly large number of wireless devices able to take environmental measurements such as temperature, light, sound, and humidity. These sensor readings are transmitted over a wireless channel to a running application that makes decisions based on these sensor readings. Authors describe some examples of proposed wireless sensor applications, and consider the following two questions to motivate an application-based viewpoint. What aspects of wireless sensors make the implementation of applications more challenging, or at least different? One widely recognized issue is the limited power available to each wireless sensor node, but there are other challenges such as limited storage or processing. What services are required for a wireless sensor network application to achieve its intended purpose? A number of widely applicable services, such as time synchronization and location determination are briefly discussed in this chapter. Other services are needed to support database requirements, such as message routing, topology management, and data aggregation and storage. As most of these topics are covered in separate chapters, this chapter serves to provide a broad framework to enable the reader to see how these different topics tie together into a cohesive set of capabilities for building wireless sensor network applications.

2008

Wireless Sensor Networks - Design, Deployment and Applications, 2021

Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with identifying component by sensing, computation, and wireless communications infrastructure capabilities. Many path searching means routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provide several types of applications providing comfortable and smart-economic life. A multidisciplinary research area such as wireless sensor networks, where close collaboration in some users, application domain experts, hardware designers, and software developers is needed to implement efficient systems. The easy molding, fault tolerance, high sensing fidelity, low price, and rapid deployment features of sensor networks create various new and thrilling application areas for remote sensing. In the future, this wide range of app...

Wireless Sensor Network stands as one of the most emerging technologies combining together sensing, computational capability and communication into minute devices proceeding towards whole new world of simplicity. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as the environment, the application's design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. There is a necessity of an intermediate software layer between the sensor hardware and the sensor network applications that may be termed as middleware. In wireless sensor network, a collection of small sensor nodes communicates through radio interface. Generally Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of many distributed devices spatially, using sensors to monitor various conditions at various points, including temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants. WSN acts as a mediator between the real physical world and the virtual world.

Protocols, Routing and Management

Wireless Sensor Networks are an exciting technology that can solve a variety of applications. Wireless sensor networks, coupled with the efficient delivery of sensed information, could provide great benefits to society. The surroundings can be the physical world, a biological system, or an Information Technology (IT) framework. The use of wireless sensors allows for fast setting up of sensing tools and access to locations that would not be realistic if cables were attached. This chapter provides a brief technical introduction to wireless sensor networks, with background and history and an understanding of sensor networks, design constraints, security issues, and a few applications in which wireless sensor networks are enabling. A brief discussion of the network topologies that apply to wireless sensor networks are also discussed.

2018

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a state-of-the-art system that uses electronic sensors to monitor a particular phenomenon. This paper focuses on providing a short review of existing literature on WSN technology. It highlights the existing architectures, applications, challenges and possible solutions.

Wireless sensor network (WSNs) has important application such as remoting environment monitoring and target tracking .WSNs is a collection of large number of sensor node which sense the data and transmit to base station. These base station is the central hub for wireless network communication between computers. These sensors nodes are implanted with wireless interfaces through which communication with one another to form a network. In this survey, we try to present an outline of wireless sensor networks and their application domains including the challenges that should be keep in mind in order to push the technology further. In this survey we try to bring out recent development in WSNs from what stated in pre-existing surveys.We do our survey on the leading research projects, journals ,standards ,technologies, and platforms. This paper try to help new researchers entering the domain of WSNs by providing a comprehensive and elaborate survey on recent developments.[2]

2013

The advancement in last decade in electronics & communication, computer science and information technology domain has resulted in the new computing and communication era, known as Wireless Sensor Networks. . In the past the wired sensors were implemented in limited applications in industries. However, wireless implementation makes the wide deployment of sensor nodes more feasible than before. There has been much research regarding the great potential capabilities of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in applications such as environmental monitoring, habitat study, military surveillance in the battlefield and home automation. With sharp decreases in cost and tangible improvements in storage and processing capabilities of sensor nodes, the integrated presence of sensor nodes in human everyday-life, as the connector of the physical environment with virtual digital world, will be dominant in near future. This paper survey Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and their technologies, routing and a...