Ethical AI

Big Data & Society, 2020

Ethics has powerful teeth, but these are barely being used in the ethics of AI today – it is no wonder the ethics of AI is then blamed for having no teeth. This article argues that ‘ethics’ in the current AI ethics field is largely ineffective, trapped in an ‘ethical principles’ approach and as such particularly prone to manipulation, especially by industry actors. Using ethics as a substitute for law risks its abuse and misuse. This significantly limits what ethics can achieve and is a great loss to the AI field and its impacts on individuals and society. This article discusses these risks and then highlights the teeth of ethics and the essential value they can – and should – bring to AI ethics now.

AI & Ethics, 2023

AI promises to be a potentially beneficial innovation if it can be wisely built and adopted. One of the impediments to its wise use that is not discussed enough is the tendency toward exaggerating the capabilities of AI, or “hyping” it. AI hype increases the possibility of bad consequences for society, including compromised public safety, and even faulty social, business, and educational practices. Three case studies given here regarding AI used for self-driving automobile functions, law practice, and worker displacement illustrate these dangers.

In this paper, I will attempt to elucidate the problem of ethics in AI by suggesting an approach which breaks down the steps involved in the design of current AI systems in order to evaluate their vulnerability to either intended malicious actions or unexpected consequences. Rather than developing new ethical standards for automated machines or super-intelligent robots or enact regulations for their use, I believe that greater awareness about ethical issues among AI industry practitioners through training and oversight, combined with transparency on the deployment of AI tools involving public information would be a good way forward. The use of the term AI as applicable to a wide ranging number of computer applications and in robotics development has led to a general state of confusion about its impact on society and the measures necessary to ensure that this technology adheres to ethical standards and does not harm humans. For that reason, AI technology generates both great excitement about its positive impact to society, and instills fear about its effects on personal safety and infringement on individual rights. The ubiquity of very powerful computing capability, in an increasingly large number of personal devices from smart phones to semi-autonomous machines and vehicles which can assess large amount of data through the internet, increases the interaction between man and machines to an exponential level. In this paper, I will attempt to elucidate this problem by suggesting an approach which breaks down the steps involved in the design of current AI systems in order to evaluate their vulnerability to either intended malicious actions or unexpected consequences. My assessment will be largely limited to current AI technology since views on possible capabilities of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), its applications and related risks are highly speculative at this time. This evaluation will proceed as follows: first I will clarify the differences between conventional information technology, AI and AGI, identify the reasons for the current state of confusion about AI, then conduct the ethical risk assessment in the various

Land Forces Academy Review

Every other aspect of intelligence and every structure of the learning process can be described very precisely in a way that teaches a machine how to simulate it, at which point Artificial Intelligence (AI) was established as a new field of study and research and generated expectations extraordinary. AI is the ability of a machine to imitate human functions such as reasoning, learning, planning and creativity. AI systems are able to adapt their behavior to some extent by analyzing the effects of previous actions and operating autonomously. Some AI technologies have been around for over 50 years, but increased computing power, the availability of enormous amounts of data, and new algorithms have led to major advances in AI in recent years. Artificial intelligence is considered a central element of the digital transformation of society and has become a priority for the EU. Future applications are expected to bring enormous changes, but AI is already present in our daily lives. Like an...

2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing technology that permeates human life at various levels. It evokes hopes for a better, easier, and more exciting life, while also instilling fears about the future without humans. AI has become part of our daily lives, supporting fields such as medicine, customer service, finance, and justice systems; providing entertainment, and driving innovation across diverse fields of knowledge. Some even argue that we have entered the “AI era.” However, AI is not solely a matter of technological progress. We already witness its positive and negative impact on individuals and societies. Hence, it is crucial to examine the primary challenges posed by AI, which is the subject of AI ethics. In this paper, I present the key challenges that emerged in the literature and require ethical reflection. These include the issues of data privacy and security, the problem of AI biases resulting from social, technical, or socio-technical factors, and the challenges associated with using AI for prediction of human behavior (particularly in the context of the justice system). I also discuss existing approaches to AI ethics within the framework of technological regulations and policymaking, presenting concrete ways in which ethics can be implemented in practice. Drawing on the functioning of other scientific and technological fields, such as gene editing, the development of automobile and aviation industries, I highlight the lessons we can learn from how they function to later apply it to how AI is introduced in societies. In the final part of the paper, I analyze two case studies to illustrate the ethical challenges related to recruitment algorithms and risk assessment tools in the criminal justice system. The objective of this work is to contribute to the sustainable development of AI by promoting human-centered, societal, and ethical approaches to its advancement. Such approach seeks to maximize the benefits derived from AI while simultaneously mitigating its diverse negative consequences.

KI - Künstliche Intelligenz

Ethical Challenges of AI and Way Forward, 2024

This research tackles the multifaceted scenario of responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) development, conducting an in-depth analysis of both legal frameworks, exemplified by the Algorithmic Accountability Act, and strategic frameworks, such as the Montreal Declaration. The examination focuses on critical issues including biased decision-making, transparency deficits, data privacy concerns, and job displacement, revealing notable advancements in the establishment of responsible AI principles. Based on these critical areas in the Artificial Intelligence, a number of Frameworks, Guidelines, Principles, Strategies, Policies and Drafts have been studied. Furthermore, critical analysis of Pakistan’s National Artificial Intelligence Policy Draft has also been made to add the national perspective on Artificial Intelligence. Based on the analysis, the study underscores substantial gaps and limitations in the translation of these principles into actionable solutions. It has also been found that most of the work is being performed in silos and not in an aggregated way which created a gap. Therefore, the research contends that collaborative endeavors and the implementation of effective measures are pivotal in addressing these gaps, offering the potential to harness AI for the collective benefit while concurrently mitigating risks. The envisioned outcome is a future where technology serves ethical and equitable objectives, emphasizing the significance of responsible AI development in the upcoming technological backdrop.

The article focuses on the different themes of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its varied impacts on our future. The exploration is guided by the question; how will the thematic dynamics of AI shape our future? To achieve this, the paper provides a historical overview of AI, including its evolution from theoretical beginnings to its present, whereby it is applied in almost all fields. The paper also explores AI’s transformative role in various sectors, including healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and education. The process emphasizes how AI fosters efficiency and innovation. The researcher has also given significant attention to the socio-economic benefits of AI, including improved efficiency, healthcare advancements, and educational accessibility. However, the paper also addresses the darker aspects, including job displacement, ethical concerns, and the risks of AI in warfare and security. The discussion mainly dwells on how AI is dual-edged, a potential enhancer and disruptor of operations in those areas where it applies. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the key themes of AI, especially autonomy and intelligence augmentation, examining their influences on societal norms. This scrutiny unfolds the complex relationship between technological advancement and human existence by exploring its varied aspects ranging from socio-economic benefits to ethical concerns. The paper, therefore, aims to unravel the intricate tapestry of AI’s role in shaping our future trajectory. An inquiry into the issue at hand provides insights into AI’s potential to revolutionize our world while taking due consideration of its ethical and social challenges. As such, the paper advocates for a balanced approach to AI development, considering its complex relationships with societal norms and ethical standards, highlighting the need for global cooperation in AI governance. The future of AI, as discussed in this paper, is a confluence of remarkable possibilities and significant responsibilities, requiring collective efforts to harness its full potential responsibly. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Ethical Considerations, Historical Evolution, Societal Impact, Regulation and Governance, Technological AdvancementAI in Healthcare Prospects.

SSRN Electronic Journal

AI Ethics is now a global topic of discussion in academic and policy circles. At least 84 public-private initiatives have produced statements describing high-level principles, values, and other tenets to guide the ethical development, deployment, and governance of AI. According to recent meta-analyses, AI Ethics has seemingly converged on a set of principles that closely resemble the four classic principles of medical ethics. Despite the initial credibility granted to a principled approach to AI Ethics by the connection to principles in medical ethics, there are reasons to be concerned about its future impact on AI development and governance. Significant differences exist between medicine and AI development that suggest a principled approach in the latter may not enjoy success comparable to the former. Compared to medicine, AI development lacks (1) common aims and fiduciary duties, (2) professional history and norms, (3) proven methods to translate principles into practice, and (4) robust legal and professional accountability mechanisms. These differences suggest we should not yet celebrate consensus around high-level principles that hide deep political and normative disagreement.