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Nutrition and Dietetics

Insulin resistance, obesity and hypertension: an overview

Profile image of Michael ZemelMichael Zemel

1995, The Journal of Nutrition

https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/125.SUPPL_6.1715S
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Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are critical risk factors for hypertension in both obese and nonobese individuals, suggesting a fundamental relationship between these conditions. The study discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension in relation to insulin resistance, particularly within the framework of Syndrome X, which includes obesity and associated metabolic derangements. It emphasizes the role of insulin action on vascular health and the prevalence of hypertension in diabetic populations, highlighting the complex interplay between obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk.

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Canan Yildiz

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2002

The study goals were to: 1) define the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance in 314 nondiabetic, normotensive, healthy volunteers; and 2) determine the relationship between each of these two variables and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. BACKGROUND The importance of obesity as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and hypertension is well-recognized, but its role as a CHD risk factor in nondiabetic, normotensive individuals is less well established. METHODS Insulin resistance was quantified by determining the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the last 30 min of a 180-min infusion of octreotide, glucose, and insulin. In addition, nine CHD risk factors: age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and glucose and insulin responses to a 75-g oral glucose load were measured in the volunteers. RESULTS The BMI and the SSPG concentration were significantly related (r ϭ 0.465, p Ͻ 0.001). The BMI and SSPG were both independently associated with each of the nine risk factors. In multiple regression analysis, SSPG concentration added modest to substantial power to BMI with regard to the prediction of DBP, HDL cholesterol and TG concentrations, and the glucose and insulin responses. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and insulin resistance are both powerful predictors of CHD risk, and insulin resistance at any given degree of obesity accentuates the risk of CHD and type 2 diabetes.

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Moshoeu Mabusela

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Hypertension and Insulin Resistance
Adina Voiculescu

Hypertension, 2009

Diminished tissue sensitivity to the metabolic actions of insulin is a characteristic feature of various pathological conditions termed the &quot;cardiometabolic syndrome.&quot; 1–3 Factors that contribute to the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors required for impaired insulin ...

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Hypertension, serum insulin, obesity and the metabolic syndrome
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Insulin Resistance in Hypertension Is Associated With Body Fat Rather Than Blood Pressure
Kaare Bønaa

2000

Abstract—The insulin resistance syndrome has been characterized by hypertension, upper body obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertriglyceridemia. Previous studies are inconsistent regarding the relationship between,blood pressure and insulin resistance. We therefore compared,the metabolic profile in 60 hypertensive subjects (mean6SD arterial pressure, 11667 mm Hg) and 60 normotensive subjects (mean arterial pressure, 8865 mm Hg) matched for age, gender,

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Insulin resistance and coronary artery disease: body mass index may have affected results
Susan Bailey

Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2004

During the past 10 years a number of very common metabolic and cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, dyslipidaemia (reduced HDL-cholesterol and hypertriglyceridaemia), obesity (especially visceral), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have been shown to be associated with hyperinsulinaemia and underlying insulin resistance [1-3]. This cluster has been referred to as the insulin resistance syndrome or 'syndrome X' [1-3]. The link between hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension [4], dyslipidaemia [5], obesity [6], and NIDDM [7, 8] appears to be well established. Because hyperinsulinaemia represents a compensatory response to an impairment in insulin action [1, 2, 7-9], it is generally assumed that underlying insulin resistance is present in all of the above conditions. Indeed, such an association has been demonstrated for hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, and NIDDM [1-10]. A number of experimental studies in animals [11-13], dating back to the early 1950s, have indicated that hyperinsulinaemia also promotes atherosclerosis. An association

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Aspects of the interrelation between hypertension and insulin resistance
Godswill Osuafor

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