Papers by Godswill Osuafor
PLOS ONE, Nov 28, 2023
Medical xenophobia of migrant (either in-migrants or immigrants) youths is an ongoing problem in ... more Medical xenophobia of migrant (either in-migrants or immigrants) youths is an ongoing problem in contemporary South African society. Medical mistreatment by healthcare workers and social phobia from migrant youths have been attributed to major obstacles to healthcare utilization as well as health services satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors contributing to health services satisfaction and medical exclusion among migrant youths in Gauteng province in South Africa. The Round 5 Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) Quality of Life (QoL) survey was conducted in 2017-2018, a nationally representative survey piloted every two years in South Africa, was utilized in this study. A 2-year cohort study of 24,889 respondents aged 18 to 29 and a baseline data consisted of 4,872 respondents, comprising non-migrants, inmigrants and immigrants, from where 2,162 in-migrants and immigrants were utilized as the sample size. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square analysis and logistic regression. A total of 2,162 migrants, comprising 35.4% in-migrants and 9.0% of immigrants, from the 4,872 respondents, were included in the analysis. The prevalence of medical exclusion of in-migrant and immigrant youths were 5.5% and 4.2%, and the majority of them reported the use of public health facilities (in-migrants -84.3% vs. immigrants -87.1%). At the bivariate level, demographic (age, sex, and population group), economic (employed and any income) and health-related (no medical aid and household member with mental health) factors were significantly associated with medical exclusion (ρ�0.05). The adjusted odds ratio showed
Frontiers in public health, Mar 15, 2024
Objectives: This study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic factors among older adults wi... more Objectives: This study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic factors among older adults with HIV and TB status in South Africa. Methods: This data was cross-sectional and obtained from the 2019 General Household Surveys in South Africa. Adults 50 years and over with reported HIV and TB status were included (N = 9,180,047). We reported statistical analyses of the descriptive, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and binary logistic regression. The study has found a prevalence rate of HIV to be 5.3% and TB to be 2.9% among older adults aged 50 years and above in South Africa. However, the study found HIV and TB to be highest among older adults residing in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces. For HIV status, the female gender [AOR = 0.80*, CI 95% = 0.80-0.80] and secondary education [AOR = 0.57, CI 95% = 0.56-0.58] have lower odds of association among older adults with HIV. Regarding TB status, primary education [AOR = 1.08*, CI 95% = 1.06-1.10] and diabetes [AOR = 1.87*, CI 95% = 1.82-1.91] have lower likelihoods of associations among older adults with TB. There is an urgent need to escalate scientific and political attention to address the HIV/TB burden in older adults and, public health policymakers need to take cognizance of the interdependence of inequality, mobility, and behavioural modification among this high-risk population.
BMC Public Health
Background Migrant populations in any country are a vulnerable group, and psycho-demographic rese... more Background Migrant populations in any country are a vulnerable group, and psycho-demographic research measuring life satisfaction has been used to assess migrants’ well-being in developed and developing countries. However, South Africa, with its high influx of migrant populations, has investigated these topical concerns from the perspective of xenophobia, with mixed findings. However, no, or very few studies have examined life satisfaction among migrants in South Africa. This study, therefore, extends previous literature by examining the determinants of life satisfaction among South Africa’s internal and international migrant populations. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from the 2009 to 2021 Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) Quality of Life (QoL) surveys among migrant populations in two ways: a full sample and a gender-stratified sample. A sample of male and female migrants ranging from 15 to 49 years of age were recruited into this study. Cantril’s Self-Anchoring ...
African Population Studies, Apr 29, 2014
Husbands continue to be the greatest source of sexually transmitted infections including HIV to t... more Husbands continue to be the greatest source of sexually transmitted infections including HIV to their wives. Using a survey of 568 respondents and 33 in-depth interviews, this study examined the attitudes of women in marital and steady relationships towards sexual control in Mahikeng. Data analysis using logistic regression showed that age, type of union, education, occupation, and number of living children were significantly associated with attitudes towards rejecting sex. Additionally, age, type of union, education, and number of living children were found to be significantly associated with demand for sex. Qualitative data revealed that social-cultural factors influence the disposition of most women regarding demanding or rejecting sex from their husbands. Their attitudes to sexual control are intertwined with cultural, religious belief and perception that husbands have sexual right over their wives. Women empowerment initiatives should continue to be considered as a means to assist women to control their sexuality.
“Health Outcomes of Grandparents Caring for Double Orphans in South Africa”: What Are the Determinants?
Background: In the 21st century, grandparenthood is a significant phenomenon in the fields of dem... more Background: In the 21st century, grandparenthood is a significant phenomenon in the fields of demography, gerontology and sociology. It is mainly explored in the context of ageing, as it is poised to become one of the most significant demographic phenomena and social issues in contemporary South Africa. Therefore, this study examined the determinants associated with grandparents who are parenting as caregivers and the health challenges they are exposed to as a caregiver. Methods: The National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) Wave 5 dataset was utilized, and a total of 302 476 grandparents aged 25 years and older, who reported to be primary caregivers of double orphans, were included in the analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate binary logistics regression were performed to determine the predictors of the determinants of grandparents parenting as a caregiver and their health challenges in South Africa. Estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used, and the ...
BMC Research Notes
Background There is a paucity of information on alcohol adverts on alcohol consumption among earl... more Background There is a paucity of information on alcohol adverts on alcohol consumption among early teenagers. The study aimed to examine the association between exposure to alcohol adverts and alcohol consumption. Methods A sample of 3833 early teenagers aged 12–14 years were extracted from the South African National HIV Prevalence, HIV Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey (SABSSM) 2017. Participants answered questions related to their exposure to alcohol adverts across television, Poster/billboard, events, and social media. Alcohol consumption was assessed on ever consumed alcohol and in the previous 12 months. Information on demographic characteristics was collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to process the data. Result Exposure to alcohol adverts increases from 5.2% for Events to 77.0% on television. All alcohol media of adverts were associated with alcohol consumption by age. The results mirror studies that demonstrated that exposure to alcohol ad...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The participation of males in joint spousal decisions is urgently needed in achieving the fundame... more The participation of males in joint spousal decisions is urgently needed in achieving the fundamental indicators of reproductive health. The low involvement of males in family planning (FP) decision-making is a major determining factor in low FP usage in Malawi and Tanzania. Despite this, there are inconsistent findings regarding the extent of male involvement and the determinants that aid male participation in FP decisions in these two countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of male involvement in FP decisions and its associated determinants within the household context in Malawi and Tanzania. We used data from the 2015–2016 Malawi and Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) to examine the prevalence and the determinants inhibiting male involvement in FP decisions. The total sample size of 7478 from Malawi and 3514 males from Tanzania aged 15–54 years was employed in the analysis by STATA version 17. Descriptive (graphs, tables and means), bi-vari...
BMC Public Health
Background Health risk behaviour is rife among school learners in the Western Cape province. This... more Background Health risk behaviour is rife among school learners in the Western Cape province. This paper assesses risk and protective factors related to health risk behaviours among high school learners. Method: Longitudinal data were sourced from 2950, 2675 and 2230 at Time 0, Time 1 and Time 2 among grade 8 learners aged 13–18 years between 2012 and 2013. Health risk behaviours were assessed on alcohol consumption, smoking cannabis in the past six months, and ever having sexual intercourse. The sociodemographic variables examined were age, sex, residence, socioeconomic status (SES), family structure and population group. Contextual variables studied were the feeling of learners about the intervention program, participation in religious activities, paid casual work and school sports. Descriptive statistics, bivariate associations and binary logistic analyses predicting health risk behaviours were carried out using generalized linear mixed models after restructuring the data collecte...
Nursing Students’ Perceptions and Attitudes regarding Ebola Patients in South Africa
Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 2019
There is an association between the perceptions of and the attitudes to the willingness of nursin... more There is an association between the perceptions of and the attitudes to the willingness of nursing students to treat infectious diseases. However, this relationship between the perceptions, attitudes and willingness to treat rapidly spreading diseases with high fatality rates such as the Ebola virus is still evolving. The aim of this study was to explore and describe nursing students’ perceptions of and attitudes to their willingness to treat Ebola patients in South Africa. Data were collected from 495 nursing students who voluntarily participated in a study on perceptions, attitudes and willingness to treat patients with the Ebola virus disease (EVD). A factor analysis was used to measure the association between nursing students’ perceptions of and attitudes to their willingness to treat patients with EVD. The results showed that 44.8 per cent of the respondents expressed willingness to nurse patients with EVD. The willingness to care for patients with EVD was higher when family co...
The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of substance use among university students in So... more The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of substance use among university students in South Africa. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected 416 students was conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The result of the study indicated that current alcohol use was reported by 67.5%, Cigarette, 21.4%, cannabis, 17.3% and glue 2.9%. Alcohol consumption was associated with sex, age, religious affiliation, home language, family influence, and substance experimentation. Sex and substance experimentation were predictors of cigarette smoking. Cannabis use was associated with respondent's sociocultural group and family influence. There is need to strengthen the family structure of homes as present substance use is rooted in family influences. Educational programmes that emphasise the dangers of experimenting with substance to young people may have great potential in minimizing substance use.
Do religious beliefs influence use of contraception among currently married women in Nigeria
Journal of Social Development in Africa, 2013
Alcohol consumption as a factor in gun or knife crimes in South Africa
African journal of drug and alcohol studies, 2019
African journal of drug and alcohol studies, 2017
Religiosity modulates many aspects of human behaviour. However, there is paucity of empirical stu... more Religiosity modulates many aspects of human behaviour. However, there is paucity of empirical studies examining the protective effects of religiosity on alcohol and substance use among first-year students in South African universities. This study therefore assessed the protective effects of religiosity on alcohol and substance use among first-year students in a South African university. A total of 348 first-year students were purposively sampled for the study which lasted for 30 days. Results revealed that alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, use of cannabis and any substance were 60.1%, 31.5%, 23.3%, and 36.9% respectively. High religiosity scores conferred protectives effects on alcohol consumption, (OR=0.33, p<0.01), tobacco (0.23, p<0.01), and on the use of any substance (0.38, p<.021). Being a male student, residing with parents and living in an urban area were associated with increased odds of alcohol use. Age and fathers' educational level were predictive of likelihood to use tobacco. The use of marijuana was associated with being a male student. Use of any substance was associated with being a male student and residing in the urban area. The current findings suggest that religiosity had restrictive role on alcohol consumption and substances use. Parental factors underscored the use of substances among the study population.
Factors associated with multiple sexual partners among first-year students in a South African university
African Journal of Reproductive Health, Nov 6, 2021
Aspects of the interrelation between hypertension and insulin resistance: A preliminary study. Ba... more Aspects of the interrelation between hypertension and insulin resistance: A preliminary study. Background: It is well known that some genetic factors and dietary factors, such as
Fertility in Nigeria and Guinea: A comparative study of trends and determinants
African journal of drug and alcohol studies, 2016
The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of substance use among university students in So... more The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of substance use among university students in South Africa. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected 416 students was conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The result of the study indicated that current alcohol use was reported by 67.5%, Cigarette, 21.4%, cannabis, 17.3% and glue 2.9%. Alcohol consumption was associated with sex, age, religious affiliation, home language, family influence, and substance experimentation. Sex and substance experimentation were predictors of cigarette smoking. Cannabis use was associated with respondent’s sociocultural group and family influence. There is need to strengthen the family structure of homes as present substance use is rooted in family influences. Educational programmes that emphasise the dangers of experimenting with substance to young people may have great potential in minimizing substance use. Keywords: pattern, psychoactive, substan...
Decision-making on sexual and reproductive health issues among women in heterosexual relationship in Mahikeng, South africa
African journal of drug and alcohol studies, 2018
HIV and alcohol prevention programmes to delay sexual initiation and alcohol use by learners have... more HIV and alcohol prevention programmes to delay sexual initiation and alcohol use by learners have been shown to be effective interventions in high schools. However, the interplay of the interventions and the background characteristics of learners in preventing sexual initiation and alcohol use have not been examined. In this study, we examine the contribution of background characteristics of learners in HIV and alcohol prevention programme. Data were drawn at two time points from a cohort of 1259 and 1076 grade 9 learners. Generalized linear mixed models were used to predict the effects of background characteristics on alcohol consumption and sexual initiation. The results show that alcohol consumption increased from 34.6% to 39.9% between the two points among the learners. Between the two time points, prevalence of sexual intercourse rose from 31.1% to 37.7%. Background characteristics such as increasing age, being a male, absenteeism from school, importance of religion and average...
African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2017
South African new reproductive health policies have given weight to dual protection as a public h... more South African new reproductive health policies have given weight to dual protection as a public health intervention against unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. However, studies of dual protection have remained scanty and under researched in South Africa. This situation has left the reproductive health policy makers clueless about salient strategies to promote dual contraceptive method use. A survey of 568 women in steady relationships aged 15-49 was conducted in Mahikeng Municipality. Using multivariate logistic regression independent predictors of contraceptive method use were examined and presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Sixteen percent of the women were currently protecting against both unintended pregnancies and infectious diseases while 40% were protecting against unintended pregnancies only. Age, occupation, ever discussed condom use with partner; home language and religion were the independent predictors of dual method use. Non-barrier method use was associated with age, home language, religion, and duration of union. The study concludes that educative and enlightening programs that emphasize women's employment and communication about condom use may be specifically helpful in promoting dual method use.
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Papers by Godswill Osuafor