Abstract
The study investigates the types of speech acts in the status updates posted by young Jordanian Facebookers. The data were elicited from 200 students from two Jordanian universities, Irbid National University and Jadara University. To deal with content analysis data, the researchers created a special scheme based on Searel’s taxonomy. Six speech acts were found in students’ status updates on Facebook: expressive, assertive, directives, God’s invocation, quotation and humor. Also the study findings evidently indicate that the cultural norms and religious background profoundly rooted in all participants can strongly affect their linguistic choices in their native language. It is hoped that the results would help those involved in teaching and learning Arabic as a second/foreign language
FAQs
AI
What are the most frequent types of speech acts on Jordanian Facebook?
The study identifies expressive speech acts (29%), assertives (26%), and directives (15%) as the most frequently used types in status updates.
How does Jordanian Facebook perform speech acts differently from other cultures?
The study reveals unique speech acts such as God's invocation, humor, and quotation that are culturally significant in the Jordanian context.
What methodologies were used to collect and analyze speech acts in this study?
Content analysis was employed to review 3,012 Facebook statuses, coded according to Searle's taxonomy over a two-month period.
How do speech acts reflect social norms in the Jordanian context?
Findings indicate that speech acts are heavily influenced by cultural and religious norms, notably through expressions of faith and identity.
What implications does this study suggest for sociolinguistic research in the Arab world?
This study enriches sociolinguistic literature by providing a naturalistic analysis of online communication, advancing understanding within Jordanian Arabic context.
References (62)
- Abdel-Jawad, H. R. S. (2010). A Linguistic and Sociopragmatic and Cultural Study of Swearing in Arabic. Language, Culture and Curriculum. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908310008666600
- Akyildiz, M., & Argan, M. (2012). Using online social networking: Students' purposes of Facebook usage at the University of Turkey. Journal of Technology Research, 3, 1-11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1022983264?accountid=12253
- Al-Adaileh, B. A. M. (2007). The speech act of apology : a linguistic exploration of politeness orientation in British and Jordanian culture. Journal of Pragmatics. Retrieved from http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/202/
- Al-Issa, A. (2003). Sociocultural transfer in L2 speech behaviors: Evidence and motivating factors. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(5), 581-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00055-5
- Al-khatib, M. A. (2006). The pragmatics of invitation making and acceptance in Jordanian society. Journal of Language and Linguistics, 5(2), 272-294.
- Al-Shboul, Y., Maros, M., & Mohd Yasin, M. S. (2012). An intercultural study of refusal strategies in english between jordanian EFL and malay ESL postgraduate students. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 18(3), 29-39.
- Ala'Eddin Banikalef, A. A., Maros, M., Aladdin, A., & Al-Natour, M. (2015). Apology strategies in Jordanian Arabic. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 15(2), 83-99.
- Al Omoush, K., Yaseen, S., & Alma'Aitah, M. (2012). The impact of Arab cultural values on online social networking: The case of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2387-2399.
- Androutsopoulos, J. (2014). Moments of sharing: Entextualization and linguistic repertoires in social networking. Journal of Pragmatics, 73, 4-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.07.013
- Atawneh, A., & Sridhar, S. (1993). Arabic -English bilinguals and the directive speech act. World Englishes, 12, 279-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1993.tb00030.x
- Austin, J. L. (1962). How To Do Things With Words. The William James Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 36, 513. https://doi.org/10.2307/2269960
- Bachrach, Y., Kosinski, M., Graepel, T., Kohli, P., & Stillwell, D. (2012). Personality and patterns of Facebook usage. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual ACM Web Science Conference on -WebSci '12, 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1145/2380718.2380722
- Back, M. D., Stopfer, J. M., Vazire, S., Gaddis, S., Schmukle, S. C., Egloff, B., … Gosling3, S. D. (2010). Facebook Profiles Reflect Actual Personality, Not Self-Idealization. Source: Psychological Science, 21(3), 372-374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609360756
- Banikalef, A. A. A., & Maros, M. (2013). Social Beliefs for the Realization of the Speech Acts of Apology among Jordanian EFL Graduate Students. English Linguistics Research, 2(1), 134. https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v2n1p134
- Banikalef, A., Marlyna, M., & Ashinida, A. (2014). Linguistic Analysis of Humor in Jordanian Arabic among Young Jordanians Facebookers. AWEJ, (3), 304-318.
- Baron, N. (2003). The language Of The Internet. IEEE Communications Magazine, 36(2), 1-63. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.1998.648750
- Bataineh, R. F., & Bataineh, R. F. (2006). Apology strategies of Jordanian EFL university students. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(11), 1901-1927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.11.004
- Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
- Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2008). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and ScholarshiBoyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2008). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
- Brooks, J. M. (1997). Beyond teaching and learning paradigms: trekking into the virtual university. Teaching Sociology, 25(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2307/1319107
- Carr, C. T., Schrock, D. B., & Dauterman, P. (2012). Speech Acts Within Facebook Status International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 2017, Vol. 9, No. 3 www.macrothink.org/ijl
- Messages. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 31(2), 176-196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X12438535
- Chen, R. (1993). Responding to compliments A contrastive study of politeness strategies between American English and Chinese speakers. Journal of Pragmatics, 20(1), 49-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(93)90106-Y
- Christofides, E., Muise, A., & Desmarais, S. (2009). Information disclosure and control on Facebook: are they two sides of the same coin or two different processes? Cyberpsychology & Behavior : The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society, 12(3), 341-345. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0226
- Das, B., & Sahoo, J. S. (2011). Social Networking Sites -A Critical Analysis of Its Impact on Personal and Social Life. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(14), 222-228. Retrieved from http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._14;_July_2011/25.pdf
- Dogruer, N., Meneviş, I., & Eyyam, R. (2011). What is the motivation for using Facebook? In Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 15, pp. 2642-2646). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.162
- Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143-1168.
- Fishbein, M. (1979). A theory of reasoned action: Some applications and implications. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 27, 65-116.
- Gonal, A. (2015). A Study on Social Network Sites Usage and Identity Development of Adolescents A Study on Social Network Sites Usage. Agricultural University, Saifabad, Hyderabad. Retrieved from http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/93282/1/D9915.pdf
- Grosseck, G., Bran, R., & Tiru, L. (2011). Dear teacher, what should I write on my wall? A case study on academic uses of Facebook. In Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 15, pp. 1425-1430). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.306
- Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Michael, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
- Ilyas, S., & Khushi, Q. (2012). Facebook Status Updates: A Speech Act Analysis. Academic Research International, 3(2), 500-507. Retrieved from http://www.savap.org.pk/journals/ARInt./Vol.3(2)/2012(3.2-63).pdf
- Indian, M., & Grieve, R. (2014). When Facebook is easier than face-to-face: Social support derived from Facebook in socially anxious individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 59, 102-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.016
- Irwin, C., Ball, L., Desbrow, B., & Leveritt, M. (2012). Students' perceptions of using Facebook as an interactive learning resource at university. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(7), 1221-1232.
- Junco, R., & Mastrodicasa, J. (2007). Connecting to the Net.Generation: What higher education professionals need to know about today's students. Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.2202/1949-6605.1953
- Kabilan, M. K., Ahmad, N., & Abidin, M. J. Z. (2010). Facebook: An online environment for learning of English in institutions of higher education? Internet and Higher Education, 13(4), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.07.003
- Kasper, G., & Blum-Kulka, S. (1993). Interlanguage pragmatic. Oxford University Press.
- Kirschner, P. A. (2015). Facebook as learning platform: Argumentation superhighway or dead-end street? Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 621-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.011
- Krippendorf, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human Communication Research, 30(3), 411-433. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00738.x
- Laffond, K. W., & Mossler, D. G. (2013). Reflection of Personality through a Facebook Analysis. H-SC Journal of Sciences, 2(14), 1-4.
- Lampe, C., Vitak, J., Gray, R., & Ellison, N. (2012). Perceptions of Facebook's value as an information source. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 3195-3204. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208739
- Li, X., Chen, W., & Popiel, P. (2015). What happens on Facebook stays on Facebook? the implications of Facebook interaction for perceived, receiving, and giving social support. Computers in Human Behavior, 51(PA), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.066
- Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: teenagers' use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New Media & Society, 10(3), 393-411. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444808089415
- Lynch, O. (2002). "Humorous Communication: Finding a Place for Humor in Communication Research. Communication Theory, 12(4), 423-445.
- Maiz, A., Arranz, N., & Fdez. de Arroyabe, J. C. (2016). Factors affecting social interaction on social network sites: the Facebook case. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 29(5), 630-649. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-10-2014-0105
- Milošević, I., Živković, D., Arsić, S., & Manasijević, D. (2015). Facebook as virtual classroom -Social networking in learning and teaching among Serbian students. Telematics and Informatics, 32(4), 576-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.02.003
- Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use facebook? Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007
- Nartey, M. (2013). A speech act analysis of status updates on Facebook: the case of Ghanaian International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 2017, Vol. 9, No. 3 www.macrothink.org/ijl 282 university students. Language In India, 13(12), 114.
- Nastri, J., Peña, J., & Hancock, J. (2006). The Construction of Away Messages: A Speech Act Analysis. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 11(4), 1025-1045.
- Nurani, L. (2009). Methodological Issue In Pragmatic Research. Jurnal Sosioteknologi Edisi 1, 17(8), 667-678.
- Pennington, N., & Hall, J. A. (2014). An analysis of humor orientation on Facebook : A lens model approach. Humor, 27(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2013-0053
- Schmit, L. (2012). Personality and its Effects on Facebook and Self-Disclosure. STYLUS, 3(2), 23-29.
- Searle, J. R. (1975). Indirect Speech Acts. Syntax and Semantics (Vol. 3). New York: Academic Press.
- Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. Essay Collection (Vol. 49). https://doi.org/10.2307/2184707
- Stidham, S. K. (2014). What †TM s On Your Mind ? A Generational Comparison of Language Use on Online Social Networking Platforms by. Portland State University. Retrieved from http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=honorstheses
- Stoll, B. (2015). The Effects of Humorous Facebook Posts on Messenger Credibility and Social Attractiveness. The Hilltop Review, 7(2), 3-18.
- Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291295
- Todd, G. (2013). How does using Facebook facilitate its users ability to construct , reflect on and manage identity ? University!of Plymouth.
- Tong, S. T., Van Der Heide, B., Langwell, L., & Walther, J. B. (2008). Too Much of a Good Thing? The Relationship Between Number of Friends and Interpersonal Impressions on Facebook. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(3), 531-549. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00409.x
- Tu, C.-H., & Corry, M. (2002). Research in Online Learning Community. E-Journal of Instructional Science and Technology, 5(1), 55-78. Retrieved from http://www.usq.edu.au/electpub/e-jist/docs/html2002/chtu.html
- Tudini, V. (2010). Online Second Language Acquisition. Conversation Analysis of Online Chat. Imaging. Retrieved from http://www.continuumbooks.com/books/detail.aspx?BookId=132981
- Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A Review of Facebook Research in the Social Sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(3), 203-220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612442904