RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Reflection and Refraction, 2006

Optik, 2013

This paper deals with the mirror rotation problem and the problem of rotation of refracting surface in ray optics. These two problems of rotation in ray optics have been dealt with on the basis of the generalized vectorial laws of reflection and refraction discovered by the author in 2005. In addition to the development of many interesting physical insights to the aforesaid rotation problems in ray optics, the most remarkable fact that has been discovered in the present study is that the proposition 'Velocity of light is unattainable' is not correct. Rather, it is possible to have velocity exceeding the velocity of light -a result not in agreement with the special theory of relativity.

Apparent Relativity, 2022

It is proved in this chapter a significant break of symmetry in the reflection of light by an inclined mirror when observed in relative motion: the reflection is always symmetrical in the proper reference frame of the mirror and the source of light, but it is not symmetrical in other different inertial reference frames. The Law of Least Area is also introduced in the last section of this chapter. Somehow related to the Principle of Least Action, the Law of Least Area also has significant consequences on the First Principle of Relativity as formulated in special relativity.

Astronomy Quarterly

In computer graphics, it is often an advantage to calculate refractions directly, especially when the application is time-critical or when line graphics have to be displayed. We specify efficient formulas and parametric equations for the refraction on straight lines and planes. Furthermore, we develop a general theory of refractions, with reflections as a special case. In the plane case, all refracted rays are normal to a characteristic conic section. We investigate the relation of this conic section and the diacaustic curve. Using this, we can deduce properties of reciprocal refraction and a virtual object transformation that makes it possible to produce 2D-refraction images with additional depth information. In the three-dimensional case, we investigate the counter image of a straight line. It is a very special ruled surface of order four. This yields results on the order of the refrax of algebraic curves and on the shading of refracted polygons. Finally, we provide a formula for the diacaustic of a circle.

Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2012

This paper deals with the application of the newly discovered generalized vectorial laws of reflection and refraction for making an extensive analysis of reflection and refraction at spherical surfaces. Various cases of image formation have been considered. It has been observed that, direct application of the generalized vectorial laws of reflection and refraction leads to the appropriate formula of ray optics for each of the cases considered. The analysis of the results are ultimately summed up to give birth to the generalized mirror formula as well as the generalized formula for refraction at spherical surfaces. Also by using the results obtained for refraction at spherical surfaces, the Lens makers' formulae have been finally offered.

Physics in Perspective, 2020

This paper explores the mechanical models elaborated by projectile theorists throughout the eighteenth century to explain the reflection of light. Influenced by Isaac Newton's Opticks, these projectile theorists proposed that repulsion was the cause of reflection. My purpose is to show that their models were not unified and lacked a deeper understanding of the origin of repulsive powers. This analysis illustrates how a simple optical phenomenon was not easy for eighteenth-century theorists to explain, even when the projectile theory of light was prominent among natural philosophers.

Saptarshi, 2012

Dream Big A im High Think Smart Explain Newton's Corpuscular Theory of Light.  Every source of light emits large number of tiny particles known as corpuscles in a medium surrounding the source.  These particles are perfectly elastic, rigid and weightless.  Corpuscles travel in straight line with very high speeds which are different in different media.  Different colours of light are due to different sizes of these corpuscles.  One gets sensation of light when this corpuscle falls on retina.  The weight of the corpuscular being very small, they are not affected by gravitational force of attraction. Hence they always travel in a straight line.  To explain phenomenon of reflection, Newton proposed particles of light are repelled by reflecting surface while to expla in refraction Newton proposed that particles of light are attracted by refracting.

Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física, 2018

In this work, an alternative formulation of the laws of refraction of light is presented. The proposed formulation unifies the two established laws of refraction, and it is shown the correspondence between the new and the classic formulations. This new formulation presents a remarkable didactic interest for the conceptual interpretation and resolution of typical problems related to the phenomenon of refraction of light, such as those proposed to students of geometric optics in their first year of college. As an example, this formulation is applied to the resolution of two refraction problems typically assigned to students of such educational level. Results and comments from the students are presented.