S 2 REd: A Semantic Web Rule Editor

Nick Bassiliades

Outline

S 2 REd: A Semantic Web Rule Editor

Nick Bassiliades

2011

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Abstract

Abstract. A key factor in the further progress of the Semantic Web is the development and wide-spread usage of rule-and logic-based applications. However, there is an evident lack of software tools that can assist end-users in developing such applications. Consequently, users usually resort to more generic tools that offer support at a syntactic level, but prove inadequate in semantically supporting the user.

Michael Kifer

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004

This special issue of Fundamenta Informaticae on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web contains extended versions of selected papers from the Second International Conference on Rules and Rule Markup Languages (RuleML 2006), which was held in Athens, Georgia, on November 10 and 11, 2006.

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Towards a Rule Interchange Language for the Web

François Bry

2008

Abstract. This articles discusses rule languages that are needed for aa full deployment of the Semantic Web. First, it motivates the need for such languages. Then, it presents ten theses addressing (1) the rule and/or logic languages needed on the Web,(2) data and data processing,(3) semantics, and (4) engineering and rendering issues. Finally, it discusses two options that might be chosen in designing a Rule Interchange Format for the Web.

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A Framework for Composition and Inter-operation of Rules in the Semantic Web

Chitta Baral

2006

Abstract Developments in the RuleML initiative have led to the design of several languages for representing rules. In this paper we describe a framework, based on the integration of different flavors of logic programming, aimed at facilitate reasoning with multiple sources of knowledge expressed in an heterogeneity of RuleML languages. The framework allows the derivation of logic programming modules from each rule base, and their inter-operation through a well-defined module interface.

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VDR-DEVICE: A Visual Editor for a Defeasible Logic Rule-ML-compatible Rule Language

Nick Bassiliades

RuleML is a promising standardization effort for rule languages for the Semantic Web. However, the RuleML syntax may appear too complex for many users. Furthermore, the interplay between various Semantic Web technologies and languages impose a demand for using multiple, diverse tools for building rule-based applications for the Semantic Web. In this demonstration we present VDR-Device, a visual RuleML-compliant rule editor and an integrated development environment for developing and using defeasible logic rule bases on top of RDF ontologies. The visual rule editor constrains the allowed vocabulary through analysis of the input RDF ontologies. The development environment is supported by an RDF-aware defeasible reasoning system. Defeasible reasoning is a rule-based approach for efficient reasoning with incomplete and inconsistent information. Such reasoning is useful for many applications in the Semantic Web, such as policies and business rules, agent brokering and negotiation, ontology and knowledge merging, etc., mainly due to interesting features, such as conflicting rules and rule priorities.

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Supporting Rule System Interoperability on the Semantic Web with SWRL

Mark Musen

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2005

Rule languages and rule systems are widely used in business applications including computer-aided training, diagnostic fact finding, compliance monitoring, and process control. However, there is little interoperability between current rule-based systems. Interoperation is one of the main goals of the Semantic Web, and developing a language for sharing rules is often seen as a key step in reaching this goal. The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) is an important first step in defining such a rule language. This paper describes the development of a configurable interoperation environment for SWRL built in Protégé-OWL, the most widely-used OWL development platform. This environment supports both a highly-interactive, full-featured editor for SWRL and a plugin mechanism for integrating third party rule engines. We have integrated the popular Jess rule engine into this environment, thus providing one of the first steps on the path to rule integration on the Web.

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VDR-DEVICE: A Visual Editor for a Defeasible Logic RuleML-compatible Rule

Nick Bassiliades

Citeseer

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Developing rule-based applications for the Web: Methodologies and Tools

I. Karali, Vassilis Papataxiarhis

Embedding rules into Web applications, and distributed applications in general, seems to constitute a significant task in order to accommodate desired expressivity features in such environments. Various methodologies and reasoning modules have been proposed to manage rules and knowledge on the Web. The main objective of the chapter is to survey related work in this area and discuss relevant theories, methodologies and tools that can be used to develop rule-based applications for the Web. The chapter deals with both ways that have been formally defined for modeling a domain of interest: the first based on standard logics while the second one stemmed from the logic programming perspective. Furthermore, a comparative study that evaluates the reasoning engines and the various knowledge representation methodologies, focusing on rules, is presented.

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Web Reasoning and Rule Systems: Five Years into the Conference

Francesco Calimeri

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A graphical rule authoring tool for defeasible reasoning in the semantic web

Nick Bassiliades

2005

Abstract. Defeasible reasoning is a rule-based approach for efficient reasoning with incomplete and inconsistent information. Such reasoning is useful for many applications in the Semantic Web, such as policies and business rules, agent brokering and negotiation, ontology and knowledge merging, etc. However, the syntax of defeasible logic may appear too complex for many users.

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Assembling rule mashups in the semantic web

Luis Polo

2012

This paper introduces RIF Assembler, a tool that reuses knowledge to automatically construct rule-based systems. Our novel approach is based on (a) annotating domain rules with metadata and (b) expressing assembly instructions as metarules that manipulate the annotations. We leverage the power of RIF as a rule interchange format, and of RDF and OWL as languages for rule annotations. RIF Assembler has applications in many scenarios. This paper presents two of them in increasing order of sophistication: a simplistic example related to the health care industry, and an actual usage in the steel industry that involves the construction of a decision-support system driven by business process descriptions.

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References (7)

Bassiliades, N., Antoniou, G., Vlahavas, I.: A Defeasible Logic Reasoner for the Semantic Web. In: Sheth, A., Lytras, M. (Eds.) Int. Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems, IDEA Group Publishing, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-41, 2006.
Bézivin, J., Gerbe, O.: Towards a Precise Definition of the OMG/MDA Framework. In: Proc. ASE'01, IEEE Computer Society Press, USA, pp. 273-280, 2001.
Boley, H.: The RuleML Family of Web Rule Languages. In: Alferes, J. J., Bailey, J., May, W., Schwertel, U. (Eds.) Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reasoning (PPSWR'06), pp. 1-17. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.
Horrocks, I., Patel-Schneider, P. F., Boley, H., Tabet, S., Grosof, B., Dean, M.: SWRL: A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML. W3C Member Submission 21 May 2004, Available at: http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/, last access: Oct-12.
Kifer, M.: Rule Interchange Format: The Framework. In: Calvanese, D. and Lausen, G. (Eds.) Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems (RR '08), Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 1-11, 2008.
Kontopoulos, E., Bassiliades, N., Antoniou, A.: Deploying Defeasible Logic Rule Bases for the Semantic Web. In: DKE, Elsevier, 66 (1), pp. 116-146, 2008.
Kontopoulos, E., Zetta, T., Bassiliades, N.: Semantically-enhanced Authoring of Defeasible Logic Rule Bases in the Semantic Web. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Web

Mark Musen

2005

The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) aims to be the standard rule language of the Semantic Web. It provides the ability to write Horn-like rules expressed in terms of OWL concepts. This paper describes an open-source rule editor for SWRL that operates within the Protégé OWL Plugin, the most widely-used OWL development platform. This editor provides a highly interactive rule editing interface that is tightly integrated with the OWL Plugin and supports the full set of current SWRL language features. This editor also provides a mechanism that allows thirdparty rule engines to be tightly integrated with the editor. We describe the integration of the Jess rule engine with the editor and show how SWRL coupled with Jess can provide a rich rule-based reasoning facility for the Semantic Web.

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A visual environment for developing defeasible rule bases for the semantic web

Efstratios Kontopoulos, Nick Bassiliades

Rules and Rule Markup …, 2005

Defeasible reasoning is a rule-based approach for efficient reasoning with incomplete and inconsistent information. Such reasoning is useful for many applications in the Semantic Web, such as policies and business rules, agent brokering and negotiation, ontology and knowledge merging, etc., mainly due to interesting features, such as conflicting rules and priorities of rules. However, the RuleML syntax of defeasible logic may appear too complex for many users. Furthermore, the interplay between various technologies and languages, such as defeasible reasoning, RuleML, and RDF impose a demand for using multiple, diverse tools for building rule-based applications for the Semantic Web. In this paper we present VDR-Device, a visual integrated development environment for developing and using defeasible logic rule bases on top of RDF ontologies. VDR-Device integrates in a user-friendly graphical shell, a visual RuleML-compliant rule editor that constrains the allowed vocabulary through analysis of the input RDF ontologies and a defeasible reasoning system that processes RDF data and RDF Schema ontologies.

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A review and comparison of rule languages and rule-based inference engines for the Semantic Web

Marut Buranarach

2013 International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC), 2013

With the Semantic Web data standards defined, more applications demand inference engines in providing support for intelligent processing of the Semantic Web data. Rule-based inference engines or rule-based reasoners are used in many domains such as supporting clinical decision support system, ecommerce recommender system, access control mechanism. In order to allow rule reuse and interoperation, several rule languages have been designed for the Web. In this paper, we review and compare some rule languages designed for the Web including FOL-RuleML, SWRL, Notation3, Jena rules and RIF. Some of the comparison criteria include rule expressiveness, syntax, production operations, and built-in functions. In addition, we review and compare some free and public domain rule-based reasoners including Jena inference engine, EYE, OWLIM-lite, BaseVISor and FuXi. Some of the comparison criteria include inference algorithms, supported programming languages, RDFS/OWL reasoning, rule languages and functions. The review and comparison results will provide some guideline for researchers and developers in choosing the rule languages and systems that match the application requirements.

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Semantically-enhanced authoring of defeasible logic rule bases in the semantic web

Stratos Kontopoulos

2012

The Semantic Web represents an initiative to improve the current Web, by augmenting content with semantics and encouraging cooperation among human and software agents. The development of the logic and proof layers of the Semantic Web is currently concentrating the related research effort and is vital, since these layers allow systems to infer new knowledge from existing information, assisting them in explaining their actions and, ultimately, increasing user trust towards the Semantic Web. However, there is a lack of applications that could contribute towards developing logic-based applications. Consequently, users resort to inadequate tools that offer syntactic support, without being able to support the user semantically as well. This work presents S 2 DRREd, a software tool that introduces a supplementary level of semantic assistance during rule base development. The tool allows creating meta-models of the main notions of the loaded rule sets and assists the user in authoring rule bases, independently of the explicitly chosen rule language syntax. The domain of application is defeasible logic, a type of logic that allows reasoning with incomplete and conflicting information and, as such, it can play an increasingly important role in a drastically dynamic environment like the Web.

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Elements of a First Visual Rule Language for the Semantic Web

Silvie Spreeuwenberg

2004

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Semantic web reasoners and languages

Ravi Bhushan Mishra

Artificial Intelligence Review, 2010

In this paper we propose the Fire system, a prototype rule engine for reasoning with SWRL (Semantic Web Rules Language) rules and OWL (Ontology Web Language) ontologies. This system is intended as an extension to the reasoning services of the RACER system . For ease of implementation, support is currently provided for SWRL rules that are restricted as follows: (i) Rules must be atomic (single atom in the rule consequent); (ii) Rules must have tree-shaped antecedents; (iii) Rules must be 'strictly Horn' (predicates of rule atoms may only be 'name' of property or class); (iv) SWRL built-ins, sameAs, differentFrom or OWL DatatypeProperty may not be used for predicates in rule atoms. The Fire system is implemented in Java in the following way; Rules defined in the ontology are extracted using Protégé's SWRL API . Facts asserted in and entailed by the ontology are obtained from RACER. The RETE algorithm [1, 2] is implemented for 'pattern matching' these facts with patterns in rule antecedents. Materialization of rules for which instantiations/bindings are provided by the pattern matcher, is done by synchronizing with RACER's inferences. Simple 'random selection' strategy is applied in resolving the conflict when more than one 'new' rule instantiation is provided at the same time. The reasoning process terminates when no 'new' inference is found compared to the already 'known' facts (asserted, entailed or new inferences from rules materialized earlier). Reasoning is offered in two modes, based on the number of rule instantiations considered during materialization for a given state of the knowledge base; (i) One-at-a-time mode: 'one' rule instantiation for an applicable rule at a time, and (ii) Batch mode: 'all' rule instantiations for all applicable rules at once in a batch. Our initial results of Fire's performance over example SWRL ontologies have been very encouraging. We are currently working on several open issues to optimize Fire's performance and extend its services: (i) Extend support for use of OWLDatatypeProperty, sameAs and different-From predicates in rules; (ii) Optimize construction of the RETE pattern network by exploiting the common predicates generally existing among different rules; (iii) Use the publish-subscribe mechanism from RACER to efficiently learn about the changes (newly asserted/inferred instantiations) made to any concept in the ontology that is relevant for rule reasoning; (iv) Provide Fire as a plug-in support for Protégé's SWRL Tab; (v) Integrate an optimized version of Fire as a rule engine for nRQL (new Racer Query Language) rules [4] into the RACER system.

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Deploying defeasible logic rule bases for the semantic web

Nick Bassiliades

Data and Knowledge Engineering, 2008

Logic is currently the target of the majority of the upcoming efforts towards the realization of the Semantic Web vision, namely making the content of the Web accessible not only to humans, as it is today, but to machines as well. Defeasible reasoning, a rule-based approach to reasoning with incomplete and conflicting information, is a powerful tool in many Semantic Web applications. Despite its strong mathematical background, logic, in general, and defeasible logic, in particular, may overload the user with tons of additional complex semantic relationships among data and metadata of the Semantic Web. To this end, a comprehensible, visual representation of these semantic relationships (rules) would help users understand them and make more use of them. This paper presents VDR-DEVICE, a defeasible reasoning system, designed specifically for the Semantic Web environment. VDR-DEVICE is an integrated development environment for deploying and visualizing defeasible logic rule bases on top of RDF Schema ontologies. The system consists of a number of subcomponents, which, though developed autonomously, are combined efficiently, forming a flexible framework. The system employs a defeasible reasoning system that supports direct importing and processing of RDF data and RDF Schema ontologies as well as a number of user-friendly rule base and ontology visualization modules.

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S 2 REd: A Semantic Web Rule Editor

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