FABRICATION AND ANALYSIS OF A PENDULUM PUMP

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. Pendulum is a simple body which moves freely until any damper is present. Hence, if the oscillation is forced, then it is possible to gain continuous movement. Our objective is to create the vibration with application of minimum energy as possible. If we can manage to give the pendulum north and south pole of magnet and arrange another pair of magnet of same polarity as shown in picture below, then we can attain a forced vibration of pendulum with minimum energy as possible. By link mechanism, we can attain linear motion from oscillatory motion and can use that to operate a pump or compressor. So the energy consumption of this system will be lowest. From the above reviews, we took idea of magnetic pendulum, theories associated with balancing the pendulum and mechanism of simple reciprocating. By utilizing the concepts, we proposed to create a zero energy pump.

A pump is a device that can be used to raise or transfer fluids (Rony et al., 2015). Pumps are selected for processes not only to raise and transfer fluids from one point to another, but also to meet some other criterion. The various water pumping systems available require sufficiently large effort of about 36Jouls depending on the manufacturer to be operated and an average person can use these pumps continuously only for a short time. The ever increasing demand for energy has led to the formation of various advanced resources which produces a certain part of the required energy. One principal consumer of a large amount of energy is our household itself which is wasted in pumping water, irrigation purposes, etc. (Rony et al, 2015). It is in this context the importance of pendulum pump arises, by the use of which a large amount of energy can be conserved. However the modified hand water pump with a pendulum only requires a minimum effort of about 13.7jouls to oscillate the pendulum and maintain these oscillations of 45strokes per minute. The pendulum water pump is essentially developed for rural communities where there exist no electricity and the other means of pumping water are practically expensive for the people in the community however, further research as far as improving the operation and performance of the pumping system must be emphasized such that agriculture production is improved as well has applying the technology in other fields.

The availability of drinking water to end user is problem. In most of the cases hand pumps are used in villages and at remote places .These pumps are operated with hands .It is difficult to operate it for children and women as it consumes human power. Solar power is one of the alternatives but is costly and unaffordable.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Pumps efficiency depends largely on the rotating impellers to provide rotary motion for constant supply of water for either domestic or industrial purposes. More so, all manually operated pumps uses the same principles of operation. However, to maintain th the desired destination, energy is required. The stress and fatigue associated with manual operations generally creates epidemiological conditions among users of locally fabricated manual pumps mostly propelled b calls for urgent attention. The aim of this project was to design, fabricate, test run and deliver a locally made manual pump with a higher efficiency, ease of use and lo Also the project can be used as a teaching aid for undergraduate students. The method adopted in the actualisation of the set goals include the re design of the impellers and the volutes using locally available materials. Also are also incorporated. The results when compared with the existing hand propelled pump showed a remarkable difference in the volume of water discharged with respect to time and a fatigue level. The overall ease of use minimised the effects of muscular skeletal disorders among farmers.

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020

India is an agricultural country and there are many rivulets, stream, rivers and elevated canals. Under drop/fall condition the water flows with great velocity. The kinetic energy of flowing water can be utilized for some useful work like pumping. The energy of flowing water can be utilized for lifting and carrying water for irrigation purposes, filing the small ponds and also for other rural works in remote areas. It can also be used at canal/nallah to operate a pumping system. A canal is frequently used for convenience and distribution of water for irrigation and to store water to farm pond/well. Nowadays, experiments are carried out by adopting the several methods for carrying water in remote areas. The spiral water wheel pump system could also be useful for carrying the water without disturbing the side bund of

The development for this working model is prompted due to the need for pumping systems that does not use electricity or any fossil fuel as its power source and no geographical limitations, especially in underdeveloped remote areas. In this paper, the oscillatory motion of a weighted pendulum which conserves momentum, obtained with the application of human effort, is converted into rotational motion of two shafts of 2.5 cm diameter and three rear sprockets via a 4.5 mm module bevel gear mechanism and gear ratio 6 which rotate the crank disc working on an inversion of double slider crank chain, known as Scotch Yoke Mechanism. The scotch yoke mechanism converts its rotary motion obtained from the sprockets into reciprocating motion of the two plungers used to suck water in one stroke into the cylinder and to deliver the same out from it in the next stroke. Efficiency of the system is found up to 48%-and 2.7-liters discharge per minute. The virtual model is created with software.

2015

This study was carried out in a laboratory to evaluate the performance and operational suitability of constructed hand and pedal pump for utilized in a small fragmented land. In market, there are many manually operated pumps but its have some problem on operation as well as cost involvement. Due to overcome these issues, different types of piston valves and check valves were constructed and tested at various suction heads in the laboratory to find out the best combinations of piston and check valves, which will gives more discharge rate, low input power requirement and high efficiencies. The pumps are constructed using local materials and skill. After several trials, Piston valve type-II (rubber flap mounted perforated cast iron disc of slot size 11mm and about 4 slot openings per 2.54 square cm) and check valve type-III (rubber flap mounted perforated cast iron disc of slot size 7 mm and about 10 slot openings per 2.54 square cm) were found to be suitable. According to the results, using above combination the average discharges of the pumps ranged from 113.58 to 68.71 lpm and 93.27 to 53.27 lpm against heads of 0.60 to 2.0 m for hand and pedal system, respectively; and the efficiencies of 45.57 and 46.53 percent were obtained for hand and pedal pumps, respectively, against a head of 1.65 m. During pedal system, the less input power was required than that of the hand system. Both in the hand and pedal pump operation, one adult man can operate it for a long time (more than 2 hours) continuously without being tired. It would be suitable to pump water from a shallow depth (<2 m) to irrigate small plots like vegetables and seed beds with less physical effort.

The demand for alternative water pumping mechamism needed to overcome the challenges facing people in the remote areas is on the increase. The conventional manually operated hand pump requires a large amount of energy before quality water can be pumped for domestic and irrigation purposes. This limits its usage by the average persons, the elderly and the disabled. This study presents the development of a solar-powered slider crank mechanism, a more energy friendly drive system. Slider crank mechanism with connecting rod 70 mm, radius of crank 14.8 mm and a frame with width, breadth and height of 70 mm, 70 mm, 134 mm, respectively was fabricated using mild steel. Solar panel, charge controller, battery and low speed motor were used to power the mechanism. The performance of the solar powered slider-crank aided system for pumping water was evaluated in terms of actual and theoretical discharge, as well as volumetric and pumps efficiencies with values of 0.01693 m3/s, 0.01302 m3/s, 76.905%, 73.26%, respectively. Conclusively, the solar powered slider-crank aided water pumping system is about 24% better in terms of performance compared to the conventional manually operated hand pump.

2007

A study was undertaken to design and construct a low-lift pedal pump for use in small irrigation project areas. For this purpose, different types of piston valves and check valves were constructed and tested at different suction heads in the laboratory to evaluate their performances. After several trials, Piston valve type-II and check valve type-III were found to be suitable. The average discharges of the pumps ranged from 93.27 to 53.27 litre per second were noted against heads of 0.60 to 2.0 m respectively, when piston valve type-II and check valve type-III were used. During pedal pump operation, less input power was needed and it can be operated by one adult man for a long time (more than 2 hours) continuously without being tired. Efficiency of the pump was 46.53 percent against a head of 1.65 m. The pedal pump can be constructed using local materials and skill. It would be suitable to irrigate small and fragmented land holdings, especially to pump water from a shallow depth (up to 2 m) to irrigate small plots like vegetables and seed beds with less physical effort.

The study used the mechanical motion of playground seesaw as a means to produce pumping action. The study aimed to design a low-cost prototype energy contraption using playground seesaw using locally available and recycled materials. Pump is an innovative concept which pumps water from a bore well, a sump or a rain water harvesting tank. It uses playful energy of the children or the operators collectively to pump water. SeeSaw pumps use the force lift technology to draw water from a well to an overhead tank above the ground level for storage and distribution. It does not require electric power. SeeSaw pumps work on the same technology and use the reciprocating motion to move the valves of a water cylinder. The technology below the ground is same as the hand pump technology, hence making it very easy to maintain at the village level. Index terms-See pump, lifting water, pendulum, reciprocating pump. I.INTRODUCTION Hand water pump with a pendulum is a very simple solution for pumping water. It provides alleviation of work, because it is enough to move the pendulum occasionally with a little finger to pump the water, instead of large swings. Work is alleviated because easier, long-lasting and effortless use of the hand water pump has been enabled. Once input is provided to pendulum, it keeps on oscillating for some time, thus transferring the oscillatory energy into reciprocating motion. The attraction of the mechanism was the amount of energy input provided to be less than the energy output. The statement was explained by carrying out various kinds of experiments. The hand pumps are manually operated pumps, they use human power and mechanical advantage to move fluids or air from one place to another. There are many different types of hand pump available, mainly operating on a piston, diaphragm or rotary vane principle with a check valve on the entry and exit ports to the chamber operating in opposite directions. Most of the hand pumps have plungers or reciprocating pistons, and are positive displacement. Thus by considering all conventional advantages we decided to use water operated pump with more efficient working which can be used in various purpose. Earlier pumps which are run on the electricity, that are not used in places where electricity is not available. Also they have high cost and high maintenance cost. Operating cost of such pumps is also high. To solve this problem we want to develop new gravity assisted free energy pump by using two springs and two masses system, which runs without electricity. Gravity assisted free energy pump system is an innovative method that utilizes the concept of Free un-damped vibrations in two mass-two spring system. The gravity assisted free energy pump is operate manually and should have low initial and operating cost. Many methods of alternative energy generation have been invented and devised; one such method is discussed in this document and is direct application of energy to pumping [1-3]. Gravity assisted free energy pump system is an innovative method that utilizes the concept of "Free un-damped vibrations in two mass two spring system, i.e. effective use of vibrations to form an industrial application. The following are the objectives which were considered:  To use new source of energy i.e. Alternative energy, where problem of electricity is occurring.  To improve the efficiency of pump by using spring and mass system with minimum input gives maximum output.  To run the reciprocating pump by using vibration of masses.  To create a device which is runs by man efforts & which is used for small scale farming.  To develop pump which have low operating and which require minimum space. The innovation of see saw pumps lies in the fact that it makes the mundane process of pumping water fun.