Towards a Framework for developing Product/Service Systems

Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 2022

Goal: Present a holistic perspective of methods and tools for the development of Product Service Systems (PSS). Design / Methodology / Approach: The investigation was conducted in two phases. The first phase presents bibliographic and bibliometric analyses, where 132 papers were read in full. In the second stage, of conceptual development, bibliographic data was grouped and validated by PSS specialists through a questionnaire, whose responses were used to conceptualize a model for PSS development. Results: Elaboration of a concept of a model for the development of Product-Service Systems, capable of providing guidance for all stages of its life cycle. Limitations of the investigation: The proposed model was applied to the bike sharing business model. However, a limitation was the lack of some information regarding this case to apply some methods and tools proposed in the conceptual model. Practical implications: The model developed can be used as a guideline for the elaboration or improvement of a PSS proposal, since it provides structure and control to the business models. Originality / Value: The paper demonstrates its originality and relevance by presenting a model centered on a holistic approach, as it provides a perspective of the whole PSS life cycle. Thus, processes are planned and analyzed from the definition of requirements to the destination after use of the PSS.

Systems

To remain competitive in the current market, an enterprise must differentiate itself based on higher value propositions. For this purpose, since improving the product or service performance can reach some limits, one potential solution is to move towards new combinations of products and services. This evolution, called servitization, leads to the generation of Product Service Systems (PSS). Servitization requires not only a clear understanding of enterprise core business, but also a clear vision of the prevailing trends and challenges of PSS development from both the business and technological points of view. In addition, the evolution path should be aligned with the enterprise strategy. This paper first highlights the notion of symbiotic PSS where product systems and service systems, and their stakeholders, interoperate seamlessly based on a win-win approach. Then, it proposes a PSS Conceptual Framework (PSS-CF), which can be applied in the early stages of servitization to increase the understating of PSS dimensions and to facilitate the prioritization of the servitization investments. The framework dimensions were discussed in several iterations, from both the academic and industrial points of view, in the frame of a European research project. Moreover, the applicability of the framework was studied in four different industrial use-cases.

Journal of Engineering Design, 2009

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2014

Product-Service is a recent concept based on a novel product understanding consisting of integrated product and service shares. It represents a new trend for industries to innovate their artefacts and create fresh business opportunities. However, moving from product to services requires the identification of the needed assets to create the new solution and the integration of both productrelated and service-related activities into a unique product-service lifecycle. In practice, such an evolution can be defined theoretically but it is hard to implement since supporting tools are strongly product-centred yet. As a consequence, product-service is still a fascinating idea especially in manufacturing sector. This paper tells about a success story of product-service management in manufacturing industry; it describes how a household appliances' manufacturer shifted from traditional product lifecycle towards product-service lifecycle to manage the new service. The study starts from analysis of the AS-IS processes and mapping of the ecosystem tangible and intangible assets, and describes how the company was supported into the definition of an integrated product-service lifecycle.

In Sweden, there are a growing number of manufacturers that are using the approach of industrial product/service systems. This paper explores how manufacturers and university researchers have started a workshop series where important and topical product/service system issues are elucidated. The companies face many challenges in order to achieve a good product/service system business. Many challenges are related to changing different peoples' mindset within the company and/or with external companies and customers. Having a learning network approach of dealing with these challenges has been perceived as a good manner of tackling the questions raised within the product/service system providing companies.

2011

In this competitive globalizing scenario, manufacturers are adopting a strategy of bundling products and services into an integrated solution to create sustainable competitive advantage. Servitizing manufacturers are increasingly transforming their processes and practices to build product-service systems (PSS). During this transformation they require substantial support to face stringent challenges. Research in the PSS domain is heading towards the development of a design theory and methodology that facilitates the systematic creation of viable PSS conceptual designs. In this paper, various proposed design methods are reviewed and research gaps are summarized. Primarily, it has been observed that the importance of the capabilities of the stakeholders involved in designing PSS has not been noted in the proposed methods. Regarding this capability view point, a framework for designing PSS has been proposed. This framework highlights the important features required in designing PSS such...

The circular economy is gaining more space amongst academia and industry as a path toward sustainable development. The Product Service System (PSS) is pointed as a business model with a high potential of achieving circular economy, specially through efficient consumption and production. Even though literature on PSS is somewhat extensive and has been growing over the years, PSS is still troublesome to adopt, due to a lack of organization of the existing knowledge. This research seeks to gather and organize PSS development approaches (tools, methods and processes) presented in the literature, according to the PSS lifecycle. A bibliographical analysis was conducted, gathering researches in which PSS development approaches were mentioned. The approaches were later categorized, and their applications were analyzed. MePSS, PSS Board, Service Blueprint, and Business Canvas Model are some of the main approaches studied. Analysis showed research gaps concerning practical knowledge on the PSS field and approaches that comprehend the whole PSS lifecycle, completing the circularity of the product-service offer. Future research could aim at fulfilling those gaps, applying conceptual elements of Product-Service Systems and supporting the transaction toward a more circular economy.

Manufacturing companies have traditionally focused their efforts on designing, developing and producing physical products for the market. Today, global competition, outsourcing and legislation commend that companies take greater responsibility of their products. This is driving some manufacturers to shift their business strategies from selling products (e.g. photocopying machines) to the provision of services (e.g. document services). Instead of the product itself, the activity and knowledge associated with the use of the product is perceived to be of more value to customers. In the research community, service-oriented approaches that embrace this change of business focus from individual products to total integrated customer solutions are termed Product/Service-Systems (PSS). The research in this thesis addresses the systematic design and development of PSS solutions in manufacturing firms. Here PSS are understood on three levels in relation to design: 1. PSS solution-a system of integrated products and services that companies develop and deliver to customers. 2. PSS development-the integrated design processes and development activities that result in PSS solutions. 3. PSS approaches-service-oriented business strategies that coordinate PSS development. Contents 1 Introduction.

2018

To remain competitive in the current market, an enterprise must differentiate itself based 23 on higher value propositions. For this purpose, since improving the product or service performance 24 can reach some limits, one potential solution is to move towards new combinations of products and 25 services. This evolution, called servitization, leads to the generation of Product-Service Systems 26 (PSS). Servitization requires not only a clear understanding of enterprise core business but also a 27 clear vision on the prevailing trends and challenges of PSS development from both business and 28 technological points of view. In addition, the evolution path should be aligned with the enterprise 29 strategy. This paper first highlights the notion of symbiotic PSS where Product Systems and Service 30 Systems, and their stakeholders, interoperate seamlessly based on a win-win approach. Then it 31 proposes a PSS Conceptual Framework (PSS-CF) which can be applied in the early stages of 32 se...

2017

Product Service Systems (PSS) is a concept which means product and service are integrated to meet customer requirements. It has many applications in several industries. In current researches, Product Life Cycle Modelling and Service Engineering (SE) are main methodologies to design and model PSS. This paper proposes a framework of service life cycle integrating product life cycle. Each stage of service life cycle contains a number of service processes. Each service process is modelled using Service Engineering. This paper also proposes a primary input & output parameters system for the service process model, which integrates costs, resource consumptions and states of product or customer. At the end of the paper, the authors discuss the future work to improve this model.