A tutorial on image/video coding standards

—High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is currently being prepared as the newest video coding standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group. The main goal of the HEVC standardization effort is to enable significantly improved compression performance relative to existing standards—in the range of 50% bit-rate reduction for equal perceptual video quality. This paper provides an overview of the technical features and characteristics of the HEVC standard. Index Terms—Advanced video coding (AVC), H.264, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), MPEG-4, standards, Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG), video compression.

2000

ABSTRACT JPEG 2000, the new ISO/ITU-T standard for still image coding, is about to be finished. Other new standards have been recently introduced, namely JPEG-LS and MPEG-4 VTC. This paper puts into perspective the performance of these by evaluating JPEG 2000 versus JPEG-LS and MPEG-4 VTC, as well as the older but widely used JPEG. The study concentrates on compression efficiency, although complexity and set of supported functionalities are also evaluated.

With the rise of digital computing and visual data processing, the need for storage and transmission of video data became prevalent. Storage and transmission of uncompressed raw visual data is not a good practice, because it requires a large storage space and great bandwidth. Video compression algorithms can compress this raw visual data or video into smaller files with a little sacrifice on the quality. This paper an overview and comparison of standard efforts on video compression algorithm of: MPEG-1,

… of Digital Image …, 2007

In this paper, we report a study evaluating rate-distortion performance between JPEG 2000, AVC/H. 264 High 4: 4: 4 Intra and HD Photo. A set of ten high definition color images with different spatial resolutions has been used. Both the PSNR and the perceptual MSSIM index were considered as distortion metrics. Results show that, for the material used to carry out the experiments, the overall performance, in terms of compression efficiency, are quite comparable for the three coding approaches, within an average range of±10% in ...

Video is the sequence of images played with respect to time. The successive images are highly correlated with each other. Video compression algorithms take the advantage of this fact. Only the residual information is transmitted using the technique called as block based motion estimation and motion compensation [2]. MPEG1 (Motion Picture Expert Group), MPEG2, MPEG4, H.261, H.263, H.264 are the ancestors of H.265. Work on the emerging " Advanced Video Coding " (AVC) standard now known as ITU-T(International Telecommunication Union) Recommendation H.264 and as ISO 14496(International Organization For Standards) (MPEG-4) Part 10 has dominated the video coding standardization community. The work has been stimulating, intense, dynamic, and all-consuming for those of us most deeply involved in its design. The time has arrived to see what has been accomplished. The new H.264/AVC & Enhanced version H.265 standard is designed to provide a technical solution, the H.265 is the latest video compression technique in which 50% of bit rate is saved more than H.264 and broad range of applications, including broadcast over cable, satellite, cable modem, and terrestrial. It finds the applications in interactive or serial storage on optical and magnetic storage devices, DVDs (Digital Video Disk). Conventional services over Ethernet, LAN (Local Area Network), wireless and mobile network and mobile.

In this paper we compare compression efficiency of the latest video coding standards H.265/HEVC, VP9, VP10 and Daala to H.264/AVC with the help of reference video encoders available. Experimental results show that H.265/HEVC on average provides 37–40% bitrate savings, VP9 provides 9– 11%, VP10 – 10–12% bitrate savings, while Daala provides 8-9% bitrate overhead on average.

2000

Abstract JPEG 2000, an emerging standard for still image compression, is discussed at length. To commence, a high-level introduction to JPEG 2000 is given. This is followed by a detailed technical description of the JPEG-2000 codec. Next, the codec is evaluated. The complexity of its various components is analyzed, and its performance is compared to other existing standards. With its excellent coding performance and many attractive features, JPEG 2000 will no doubt become a widely used standard in the years to come.

2008

H.264/AVC is a recently completed video compression standard jointly developed by ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG standards committees. The standard is becoming more popular as it promises much higher compression than that possible with earlier standards. The standard provides flexibilities in coding and organization of data which enable efficient error resilience. The increased coding efficiency offers new application areas and business opportunities. As might be expected, the increases in compression efficiency and flexibility come at the expense of increase in complexity, which is a fact that must be overcome. This paper provides an overview of the technical features of H.264 and summarizes the emerging studies related to new coding features of the standard. Key Words: H.264, AVC, video compression, inter mode decision, MCTF, SP/SI frames, HRD. 1.

Proceedings of the 11th …, 2000

With the increasing use of multimedia technologies, image compression requires higher performance as well as new features. To address this need in the specific area of still image encoding, a new standard is currently being developed the JPEG2000. It is not only intended to provide rate-distortion and subjective image quality performance superior to existing standards, but also to provide functionality that current standards can either not address efficiently or not address at all. Lossless and lossy compression, encoding of very large images, progressive transmission by pixel accuracy and by resolution, robustness to the presence of bit-errors and region-of-interest coding, are some representative examples of its features. It is interesting to note that JPEG2000 is being designed to address the requirements of a diversity of applications, e.g. Internet, colour facsimile, printing, scanning, digital photography, remote sensing, mobile applications, medical imagery, digital library and Ecommerce.

Signal & Information Processing …, 2012

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), the latest international standard of video coding under development, has shown a major breakthrough with regards to compression efficiency. But most of the currently published studies were intended to evaluate the overall R-D performance of HEVC in comparison to prior H.264/AVC video coding standard. In this paper, we present sufficient rate-distortion performance comparisons of image coding between the HEVC and previous image and intra-only video coding standards, including JPEG 2000, JPEG LS and H.264/AVC intra high profile. In addition, some recently reported performances of HEVC are also reviewed and compared. The coding simulations are conducted on a set of recommended video sequences during the development of the HEVC standard. Experimental results show that HEVC can offer consistent performance gains over a wide range of bitrates on natural video sequences as expected. Besides, we also present the comparison results of all these standards in the scenario of lossless image coding.