APPROACHES TO THE EXPRESSION OF NATIONAL ISSUES IN THE LEK-LEK

2024

One of the developments contributing to the modernization movements in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century was the publication of Turkish newspapers. After the 1877-1878 Ottoman-Russian War, Bulgaria remained attached to the Ottoman Empire in the status of an autonomous principality until the Balkan Wars. In Bulgaria during that period, newspapers were published in Bulgarian, French, and Turkish. Turkish newspapers were mainly published for the Muslim population in Bulgaria to receive news, address their issues, and contribute to their education. Varna Postası (1887) newspaper is one of the periodicals published in Turkish in Varna, occasionally including columns in Bulgarian. The subject of this article is to examine the articles in Varna Postası regarding the education of Muslim women and the participation of women in modernization. Looking at Varna Postası, we see articles aimed at the education and general cultural development of children, teenagers, and adult girls from elementary to middle school levels. These articles address the educational situation in schools in cities such as Ruschuk, Varna, and Sofia, offering support for various subjects. Articles on literature, architecture, child rearing, and social life aim to develop 1 The research presented in this article was financed by the grant of the Polish National Science Center: Social Changes of the Muslim Communities in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Bulgaria in the second half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century:

Soviet Armenian media, women in media, media and gender policy, media and gender equality, Soviet Armenian women, women and politics, Gender politics in Soviet Armenia, New Soviet daily practices, New life of Soviet Armenian women, Gender and Family in Soviet Armenia, Avangard and gender discource This article analyzes the discourse 1 of the newspaper Avangard related to the new Soviet Armenian woman. The study tries to investigate the tools that Avangard used for the popularization of ideas of gender equality, women's empowerment and their political and social activity. In my research, I focus on the newspaper Avangard, since it represented the discourse of the working class. This class found it particularly difficult to adopt the new gender roles pushed forward by new Soviet daily practices. This article analyzes the issues from the first years of the newspaper's publication and singles out articles related in any way with women's issues, the specifics of their new roles, the proclamations on women's involvement in the social and political life of the country, and it also identifies obstacles and problems in the implementation of the new gender roles as described in the newspaper. Besides this, the article has paid particular attention to 1 It is obvious that the meaning of the word "discourse" is used with certain reservations here. In the Soviet media, discourse could only be within the framework of Bolshevik ideology and it could not discuss ideas but rather options for the implementation of proposed issues. The newspapers would simply not publish opinions other than 'accepted' ones. certain aspects of the newspaper's language, the intended audience for its calls and messages, and the role of women in those messages. After establishing the Soviet State, the ideologists of the Bolshevik party aspired to create the "New Soviet citizen." 2 The analysts of the Soviet state's social policy show that the Bolshevik Party dreamed about politically and socially active citizens free from religious prejudices. The new citizen would propagate socialism and spurn capitalism. This citizen would also actively build a society where social equality would dominate. The Bolshevik engineers of the "new man" first marked the social phenomena that were unacceptable for them, then they labeled them as bourgeoisie, and finally, they created the opposite onesphenomena and manners that were positive and socialist. "According to E.G. Panamaryov and L.N. Velichko: "The Establishment of the new society was accompanied by the creation of a new kind of man. This new man was free from foregoing moral structures and behavioral stereotypes. Previous traditional moral values based on Christian virtue were being replaced by other educational and pedagogical paradigms. "" 4

As Fairclough and Wodak state, one of the basic assumptions of Critical Discourse Analysis is that " discourse does ideological work " (1997, p. 275). The discourse of the media, and of women's magazines in particular, drew the attention of several critical discourse analysts such as Eggings) who emphasized the normative function of women's magazines in the establishment of the appropriate forms of behavior on the one hand, and their role in maintaining traditional womanhood roles on the other. This study focuses on the representations of motherhood and wifehood, two basic themes of the women's magazines in the early years of the Turkish Republic (1923-1950) from a critical perspective with the aim of revealing the role of discourse in the construction of the ideal woman image. The discourse-historical approach to CDA, represented by Wodak (2000; 2004) and Wodak, De Cillia, Reisigl and Liebhart (2000) is used as the primary method of analysis. However, it is complemented by the approach of the English school, which formed its critical discourse method on the basis of Halliday's grammar.). The database is composed of 10 articles written on motherhood and wifehood published in three women's magazines that had been in circulation during the years 1936-1950. The articles were selected according to purposive sampling. The findings suggest that women's magazines of the period function as sites where gender politics of the state is enacted. In fulfilling this function, the anti-feminist discourse in the wifehood and nationalist discourse in the motherhood are manipulatively used in the construction of the 'other-centered' mother and wife, in accordance with the needs of the newly founded Republic. As opposed to the variety of, and sometimes conflicting messages conveyed by modern women's magazines (Caldas-Coulthard, 1996; Eggins and Iedema, 1997), women's magazines of the early Republic create a one-dimensional, domestic world where women's identities are clearly delineated on domestic and national grounds. Öz Fairclough and Wodak'in de belirttiği gibi Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesinin temel varsayımla-rından biri de " söylemin ideolojik olduğu " dur (1997, s. 275). Basın söylemi ve özellikle de kadın dergilerinin söylemi bir yandan toplumda kabul gören davranış normlarının oluşturulmasındaki

The article seeks to inspect the linguistic aspects of Tatar Muslim print media of the pre-October period and the specifics of certain types of publications in its structure. Significant time and geographic coverage of the Muslim press's emergence and development made it possible to identify patterns and the crucial moments of its functioning, linguistic aspects, traditions, and innovation. On the example of the topics of publications, it is demonstrated that first newspapers and magazines in the Tatar language they began to play an essential role in discussing the linguistic and sociological aspects of the Ummah. Thematic classification of publications is given, the periodization of its linguistic and typological development is substantiated, the leading types of publications are identified and characterized. This article reflects the last two principles of classification: based on the ideological orientation of publications and their professional and targeted direction.

İrs - Heritage - Наследие, The International Journal of History, Culture and Anthropology, Azerbaijan, 2022

Great majority of the contemporary historians and researchers of Azerbaijani journalism are reluctant in evaluations regarding primary publications in Azerbaijani language. “It should be noted that the Azerbaijani press was not established with the “Tiflis Əxbarı”, “Qafqazın bu tərəfinin xəbəri” and the Russian language newspaper the “Kavkaz”. These were only its embryos. At the same time, these bodies reported the dawn of the opening of the national Azerbaijani press, initiated by Hasan Bey Zardabi.” "“Tiflis Əxbarı” or “Qafqazın bu tərəfinin xəbəri” were not independent publications. Those newspapers published solely the official information of the tsarist authorities, which cannot be considered a service to the formation of independent Azerbaijani journalism." 1875 brought into the history of Azerbaijan development which constitutes a milestone in the process of foundation of national awareness and independence.Azerbaijani intellectual, philanthropist and greatest enthusiast of all times Hasan Bey Zardabi Malikov (1837- 1907) published his first newspaper “Əkinçi” (Akindji) in Azerbaijani language. The majority of articles devoted to the history of the press of Crimean Tatars are reluctant to mention both fathers of journalism of the time next to each other. In other words, the figure of Zardabi is predominantly missing in their narratives, giving the impression of their refraining from underlining the importance of Zardabi’s and Gasprinski’s mutual goals along with the fruits of their cooperation... As to other important personalities first journalist among Muslim women of the Russian Empire was Shafiqa Efendizadeh. Her first article “To the Enlightener, highly esteemed Magomed Aga Shakhtakhtinsky”, was published in the 7th issue of the newspaper “ShargiRus”( April 16, 1903). Later on, her articles appeared in newspapers and magazines such as “Hayat”, “Irshad”, “Achyg soz”, “Azerbaijan”, “Dyabistan”, “Dirilik”, “Myaktyab”. Subsequently “Burhani Taraqqi”(1906-1911) was a newspaper which was published by Mustafa Lutfi Ismailov Shirvanski in the city of Astrakhan. Azerbaijani intellectual Mirza Djalal Yusifzade was the editor in chief of the first non governmental newspaper “Bukhoroi Sharif”(1912-1913), published in Kagan, New Bukhara Tajikistan.

Comparative Studies in Society and History, 2025

What does empire look like from spaces where multiple imperial projects converge? Through analysis of Molla Nasraddin, a pioneering satirical magazine from the early twentieth-century Caucasus, I reveal local engagements with empire that defy traditional binaries of center versus periphery, indigenous versus foreign, and resistance versus accommodation. While critical scholarship has powerfully demonstrated how imperial power shapes local life--from technologies of rule to cultural categories and patterns of inequality--such analysis is typically conducted through the lens of a single empire. In the Caucasus, where Russian, Ottoman, and Iranian empires overlapped, Molla Nasraddin developed a distinctive blend of visual satire, character types, and multilingual wordplay that functioned as a form of satirical pedagogy, cultivating what I term "inter-imperial literacy": the capacity to recognize deep connections between neighboring imperial worlds while maintaining critical distance from each. Through sustained correspondence with readers across three empires during their near-simultaneous revolutionary upheavals (1905-1908), the magazine gave voice to a public defined not by fixed identities but by their capacity for protean transformations across imperial boundaries. While nation-states would eventually redraw the Caucasus, Molla Nasraddin provides a window into a moment when historical borderlands--not imperial centers--offered the most penetrating insights into the workings of empire. In these spaces, elements adopted from competing empires become creative resources for local expression, while apparent cultural alignments conceal critical distance, enabling views of empire at once intimate and askance.

2018

espanolEn este articulo, se analiza el tipo de publicismo de los miembros del partido Alash y la calidad de su trabajo desde el discurso de la democracia. Los intelectuales de Alash podrian resistir a la politica colonial del Imperio al usar un publicismo como herramienta de lucha contra esta politica. Evaluamos el aprecio de los investigadores de Alash por la viabilidad de la idea y verificamos el conocimiento de los jovenes sobre el publicismo de Alash mediante un cuestionario. Cientificos y jovenes de Kazajistan que ocupan un lugar considerable en el Asia Central actual se reflejan en el cuestionario sobre lo que piensan sobre la historia del periodismo y su papel como marca nacional. EnglishIn this article, the types of publicism of Alash party members and quality of their work from democracy discourse is analyzed. Alash intellectuals could resist to colonial policy of the Empire by using publicism as the fight tool against this policy. Basing on written works by Alash publicist...

Periodicals on the Transformation of Turkic Muslim Women in the South Caucasus in Imperial Russia, 2025

The press was a major vehicle for examining the role of women in traditionally Muslim Azerbaijani society. The principal objective of this article is to examine periodicals that address the transformation of Turkic-Muslim women in the South Caucasus between the years 1875 and 1917. During the aforementioned period, a number of media outlets were established by Azerbaijani intellectuals with the intention of enlightening society. By the beginning of the 20th century, a group of male writers had published several articles in these press organs with the objective of attracting women to education. Furthermore, at the beginning of the 20th century, a number of prominent women began to advocate for their rights as a result of a robust cultural awakening. The establishment of the first women's newspaper represented a significant milestone in the history of women's media in Azerbaijan. Until the fall of Russia, a considerable corpus of significant publications had emerged in Azerbaijan. Despite the existence of media outlets that adopt a radical stance, the prevailing message was that of an educated mother. This assumption was widely held and reflected the belief that only a mother with a good education could raise a child with a similar level of learning, which would, in turn, result in the salvation of society.