Containment and Leakage: Notes on a General Containerology
2025, Theory, Culture & Society
https://doi.org/10.1177/02632764241280151Abstract
In the article, we set out to develop the contours of a general containerology, interrogating containment as a technology and an ontological condition that shapes human and more-than-human relations. While exploring containment technologies as spatio-temporal devices of ordering vis-à-vis leakage, we nevertheless stress how containment inevitably remains contextual, provisional, and leaky at best. Addressing the selective permeability of containers, we also discuss the relation between contained interiorities and exteriorities as processes of articulations between milieus. We problematise the opposition and incommensurability between containment and leakage, and instead insist on conceiving them as co-constitutive. Ultimately, we outline an affirmative, positive take on containment beyond exclusionary inclusion, in contrast to prevailing negative conceptions and practices.
References (76)
- Adams, Sam (2022) Triangle of Sadness: Ruben Östlund spills the secrets behind the year's most deliciously disgusting scene. Slate, 5 October. Available at: https://slate.com/culture/2022/10/ triangle-sadness-woody-harrelson-movie-adam-sandler-vomit.html (accessed 1 September 2024).
- Angerer, Marie-Luise, Richardson, Ingrid, Schmedes, Hannah and Sofoulis, Zoë (eds) Containment: Technologies of Holding, Filtering, Leaking. Lüneburg: Meson Press.
- Aristotle (2017) The Categories, trans. E. M. Edgehill. Scotts Valley, CA: CreateSpace.
- Attfield, Judith (2000) Wild Things: The Material Cultures of Everyday Life. Oxford: Berg.
- Bidart, Frank (1997) Desire: Poems. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Bowker, Geoffrey C. and Star, Susan Leigh (1999) Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Burch, Karly Ann (2019) When overflow is the rule: The evolution of the transnational nuclear assemblage and its technopolitical tools for framing human-radionuclide relationality. Geoforum 107: 66-76.
- Callon, Michel (1998) An essay on framing and overflowing: Economic externalities revisited by sociology. The Sociological Review 46(1): 244-269.
- Combes, Muriel (2013) Gilbert Simondon and the Philosophy of the Transindividual, trans. Thomas LaMarre. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Cons, Jason (2020) Seepage. In: Franck, Billé (ed.) Voluminous States. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 204-216.
- Deleuze, Gilles (1988) Spinoza: Practical Philosophy, trans. Robert Hurley. San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books.
- Deleuze, Gilles (2001) Pure Immanence: Essays on a Life, trans. Anne Boyman. New York: Zone Books.
- Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Felix (1987) A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, trans. Brian Massumi. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
- Descola, Philippe (2013) Beyond Nature and Culture, trans. Janet Lloyd. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
- Douglas, Mary (2002 [1966]) Purity and Danger. An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge.
- Edensor, Tim (2005) Waste matter: The debris of industrial ruins and the disordering of the mate- rial world. Journal of Material Culture 10(3): 311-332.
- Esposito, Roberto (2008) Bíos: Biopolitics and Philosophy, trans. Timothy Campbell. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
- Evans, David (2014) Food Waste: Home Consumption, Material Culture and Everyday Life. London: Bloomsbury.
- Forni, Silvia (2007) Containers of life: Pottery and social relations in the Grassfields (Cameroon). African Arts 40(1): 42-53.
- Foucault, Michel (1993) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books.
- Gabrys, Jennifer (2009) Sink: The dirt of systems. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 27(4): 666-681.
- Grosz, Elizabeth (1994) Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
- Grosz, Elizabeth (2012) Identity and individuation: Some feminist reflections. In: Anne De Boever, Alex Murray, and Jon Roffe, et al. (eds) Gilbert Simondon: Being and Technology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 37-56.
- Grosz, Elizabeth (2017) The Incorporeal: Ontology, Ethics, and the Limits of Materialism. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Hall, Stuart (1992) Cultural studies and its theoretical legacies. In: Lawrence Grossberg, Cary Nelson and Paula Treichler (eds) Cultural Studies. London: Routledge, pp. 277-294.
- Hancock, Black Hawk and Garner, Roberta (2011) Towards a philosophy of containment: Reading Goffman in the 21st century. The American Sociologist 42: 316-340.
- Hawkins, Gay and Paxton, Gillian (2019) Infrastructures of conservation: Provoking new natures with predator fencing. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2(4): 1009-1024.
- Heidegger, Martin (1971) The thing. In: Heidegger, Martin, Poetry, Language, Thought, trans. Albert Hofstadter. New York: Harper & Row, pp. 163-184.
- Hird, Myra J. (2012) Knowing waste: Towards an inhuman epistemology. Social Epistemology: A Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Policy 26(3-4): 453-469.
- Hird, Myra J. (2013) Waste, landfills, and an environmental ethic of vulnerability. Ethics & the Environment 18(1): 105-124.
- Ingold, Tim (2021) Correspondences. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Jones, Reece (2009) Categories, borders and boundaries. Progress in Human Geography 33(2): 174-189.
- Kenner, Alison, Mirzaei, Aftab, and Spackman, Christy (2019) Breathing in the Anthropocene: Thinking through scale with containment technologies. Cultural Studies Review 25(2): 153- 171.
- Klose, Alexander (2015) The Container Principle: How a Box Changed the Way We Think. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Laclau, Ernesto (1990) New Reflections on the Revolution of Our Time. London: Verso.
- Latour, Bruno (1993) We Have Never Been Modern, trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Lehtokunnas, Taru and Pyyhtinen, Olli (2022) Food, excess, wastage and waste: An ethnography of the practices of framing food products in the Finnish retail sector. Geoforum 129: 28-38.
- Lehtokunnas, Taru and Pyyhtinen, Olli (2023) Biowaste as fluid matter: Valuing biogas and biofer- tilisers as assets in the Finnish biogas sector. Journal of Cultural Economy 16(2): 277-293. doi:10.1080/17530350.2023.2169324.
- Lehtonen, Turo-Kimmo and Pyyhtinen, Olli (2020) From trash to treasure: Valuing waste in dumpster diving. Valuation Studies 7(2): 197-220.
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1961) Tristes Tropiques, trans. John Russell. New York: Criterion Books. Levinson, Marc (2006) The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Lezaun, Javier, Muniesa, Fabian, and Vikkelsø, Signe (2013) Provocative containment and the drift of social-scientific realism. Journal of Cultural Economy 6(3): 278-293.
- Liboiron, Max (2019) Waste is not 'matter out of place'. Discard Studies. Available at: https://dis- cardstudies.com/2019/09/09/waste-is-not-matter-out-of-place/ (accessed 1 September 2024).
- Massumi, Brian (1987) Translator's foreword: Pleasures of philosophy. In: Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, A Thousand Plateus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, trans. Brian Massumi. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, pp. ix-xix.
- Mauss, Marcel (2002) The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies, trans. W.D. Walls, London: Routledge.
- Millar, Kathleen M. (2018) Reclaiming the Discarded: Life and Labor on Rio's Garbage Dump. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Moore, Sarah A. (2012) Garbage matters: Concepts in new geographies of waste. Progress in Human Geography 36(6): 780-799.
- Mouffe, Chantal (2010) The Democratic Paradox. London: Verso.
- Mumford, Lewis (1967) The Myth of the Machine: Technics and Human Development. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
- Nail, Thomas (2016) Theory of the Border. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Olofsson, Jennie (2021) Leakage: Being a risk object or an object at risk? Investigating potential synergies between gender studies and discard studies through the concept of risk. Journal of Gender Studies 32(2): 144-152.
- Otter, Chris (2024) Container ontologies. In: Marie-Luise Angerer, Ingrid Richardson, Hannah Schmedes and Zoë Sofoulis (eds) Containment: Technologies of Holding, Filtering, Leaking. Lüneburg: Meson Press, pp. 59-73.
- Pyyhtinen, Olli and Lehtonen, Turo-Kimmo (2021) Opening the bin: Ontology of waste contain- ment. Presentation at the Opening the Bin 2 online conference, 11 June 2021.
- Salonen, Anna Sofia (2022) Ordinary overflow: Food waste and the ethics of the refrigerator. Food and Foodways 30(3): 145-164.
- Schoot, Ignace and Mather, Charles (2022) Opening up containment. Science, Technology, & Human Values 47(5): 937-959.
- Selg, Peeter, Sootla, Georg, and Klasche, Benjamin (2022) A Relational Approach to Governing Wicked Problems: From Governance Failure to Failure Governance. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Shildrick, Margrit (1997) Leaky Bodies and Boundaries: Feminism, Postmodernism and (Bio) ethics. London: Routledge.
- Shryock, Andrew and Smail, Daniel Lord (2018) On containers: A forum. Introduction. History and Anthropology 29(1): 1-6.
- Simondon, Gilbert (2020) Individuation in Light of Notions of Form and Information, trans. Taylor Adkins. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
- Sloterdijk, Peter (2011) Bubbles: Spheres, Volume 1: Microspherology, trans. Hoban Wieland. Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext(e).
- Sloterdijk, Peter (2016) Foams: Spheres, Volume III: Plural Spherology, trans. Hoban Wieland. Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext(e).
- Sofia, Zoë (2000) Container technologies. Hypatia 15(2): 181-201.
- Sofoulis, Zoë (2024) Containers, retrospectively. In: Marie-Luise Angerer, Ingrid Richardson, Hannah Schmedes and Zoë Sofoulis (eds) Containment: Technologies of Holding, Filtering, Leaking. Lüneburg: Meson Press, pp. 41-57.
- Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty (1996) Subaltern studies: Deconstructing historiography. In: Donna Landry and Gerald MacLean (eds) The Spivak Reader. New York: Routledge, pp. 203-235.
- Sprenger, Florian (2023) Surrounding and surrounded: Toward a conceptual history of environ- ment, trans. Erik Born and Matthew Stoltz. Critical Inquiry 49(3): 406-427.
- Staten, Henry (1984) Wittgenstein and Derrida. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Triangle of Sadness (2022) Directed by Ruben Östlund. Imperative Entertainment, Film i Väst, BBC Films.
- Tsing, Anna (2015) The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- van Houtum, Henk and van Naerssen, Ton (2002) Bordering, ordering and othering. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 93(2): 125-136.
- van Wyck, Peter C. (2005) Signs of Danger: Waste, Trauma, and Nuclear Threat. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
- von Uexküll, Jacob (2010) A Foray into the Worlds of Animals and Humans, trans. Joseph D. O'Neil. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
- Wambacq, Judith and van Tuinen, Sjoerd (2017) Interiority in Sloterdijk and Deleuze. Palgrave Communications 3(1): 1-7.
- Warnier, Jean-Pierre (1993) The king as a container in the Cameroon grassfields. Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde 39: 303-319.
- Woolgar, Steve and Neyland, Daniel (2013) Mundane Governance: Ontology and Accountability. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Zavos, Stylianos (2021) Thinking with buildings: Sociomaterial change and the micropolitics of design and inhabitation. PhD thesis, University of Manchester, UK.
- Zourabichvili, François (2012) Deleuze: A Philosophy of the Event, trans. Kieran Aarons. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Olli Pyyhtinen is Professor of Sociology and the founder of the Relational Studies Hub (RS Hub) at Tampere University, Finland. His publications include More-than-Human Sociology (Palgrave, 2015), The Simmelian Legacy (Palgrave, 2018), The Gift and its Paradoxes (Routledge, 2014), and Simmel and 'the Social' (Palgrave, 2010). He is currently leading two projects on waste and the circular economy: WasteMatters (ERC Consolidator Grant, 2022-2027) and DECAY (Research Council of Finland 2022-2026).
- Stylianos Zavos is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the WasteMatters project at Tampere University, Finland. Before joining Tampere University, he was Research Associate at the University of Manchester, UK. Zavos's work is transdisciplinary; situated within the social sci- ences and scrutinising through empirics, it borrows from contemporary philosophical currents and feminist technoscience. His research aspires to bring conceptual approximations slightly closer to the situatedness of everyday experience, while problematising our ways of thinking and knowing about habitats, their relationality, and their associated ethicopolitics.