Risiken und Nebenwirkungen einer strafrechtlichen Produkthaftung

Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie, 2009

Efects of Traumatic Stress he diagnosis PTSD does not adequately describe the impact of exposure to childhood trauma of the developing child. he objective of the study was to examine the prevalence of diferent interpersonal trauma types and to describe the long-term efects of maltreatment and neglect in a clinical sample of 34 adolescents. he majority (62 %) of the sample was exposed to two diferent types of trauma during childhood. Emotional abuse and emotional neglect have been the most common trauma types (59 %; 53 %). 71 % of the traumatized adolescents did not meet the criteria for PTSD. he most common diagnosis in the sample was Borderline Personality Disorder. All average scores at SCL-90-Symptom-Scale were clinical signiicant. Half of the sample reported suicide attempts and self destructive behavior. One third reported substance abuse and aggressive behavior against others respectively. None of the traumatized adolescents had a positive Self-concept. Altogether the results show that abused children and adolescents have a range of psychological sequelae that are not captured in the PTSD diagnostic criteria. herefore the results support the necessity for a new and more precise diagnosis for chronically traumatized children and adolescents.

Diagnostica, 2003

Zusammenfassung. Enthalten Fragebögen positiv gepolte und negativ gepolte Items, so stellt sich die Frage nach den Auswirkungen auf die Reliabilität. Das NEO-Fünf-Faktoren-Inventar (NEO-FFI) enthält in jeder Skala Items beider Polungsrichtungen und eignet sich daher zur Analyse dieser Effekte. Eine Stichprobe von 1908 Personen wurde mit dem NEO-FFI analysiert.

2018

"Früher hat man dem Computer ein Problem übergeben, wenn man es verstanden hatte, heute ist es andersrum" (Joseph Weizenbaum, zitiert nach Kees, 2015). Sind menschliche und künstliche Intelligenz vergleichbar? Die Geschichte der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) ist eine Geschichte voller Missverständnisse. Diese haben schon vor Jahrzehnten zu überzogenen Erwartungen geführt und erleben im gegenwärtigen Hype eine Renaissance. Damals wie heute gibt es viel begriffliche Verwirrung um den Begriff "Intelligenz".

Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 2008

The factors leading to violent behaviour in prison have been the subject of various research projects. Besides causing financial and structural damage to the penitentiary, violent behaviour during prison sentences is considered to be an important predictor of re-offending. The following article provides an overview of the research literature concerning predictors of violence during imprisonment. The examined criteria include socio-demographic (e.g. age, marital status and level of education) as well as criminological (e.g. previous violent convictions, duration of sentence and type of offence) factors.However, the analysis of the significance of the individual factors is not conclusive. Considering the results of numerous replication studies, young age seems to be connected to an increase in risk for intramural infractions while partnership (marriage) seems to have a protective influence. Regarding vocational training and educational level, mixed results were found. However, being unemployed at the time of the crime seemed to increase the risk for rule violations during imprisonment in most studies analysed.Furthermore, it is generally accepted that duration of sentence and time already served has an influence on the risk of violence as well. Inmates with shorter or finite sentences presented violent behaviour more frequently. The relationship between duration of sentence and violent infractions has repeatedly been described as an inverse U-shaped curve. Accordingly, most violations of prison rules occurred in mid-sentence. The literature examined presents inconsistent results concerning previous violent convictions, type of index offence, ethnic origin and the influence of alcohol consumption and drug use. Evidence seems to be more consistent regarding pre-existing risk-associated socio-demographic variables rather than institutional conditions. Overall comparability of the studies was, however, reduced by the fact that violent behaviour was defined very heterogeneously in the different institutions – sometimes even including verbally aggressive behaviour. Institutions also differed in the likelihood of an infraction being recorded. The heterogeneity of the results can furthermore be explained with the very different cultural and sociological backgrounds of the different institutions examined. As prognostic models are very sample sensitive it is vital to define precisely for which populations the prediction is valid and to examine samples of appropriate size and representativeness as well as control a wide variety of influencing factors with multivariable controlling strategies.

Gesundheitswesen, 2022

Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 2009

PRAXIS, 2009

Beim Vergleich verschiedener Studien über Gewalt im Strafvollzug ist zu berücksichtigen, dass sich Vollzugsinstitutionen stark voneinander unterscheiden. Studien aus der Schweiz ergaben, dass etwa jeder vierte Insasse mindestens einmal während der Haft mit Gewalt auffällt. Dabei haben die Gewalthandlungen unterschiedliche Erscheinungsformen. Die spezifische Charakterisierung der Gewalt nach Art, Ziel, Auswirkung und Auslöser ist darum wichtig. Bestehende Instrumente zur Kriminalprognose eignen sich nicht zur Schätzung des Risikos gewalttätiger Handlungen im Strafvollzug, weshalb die Entwicklung spezifischer Modelle für diese Fragestellung notwendig ist. In internationale Studien wurden diverse Risikomerkmale identifiziert. Auf Schweizer Verhältnisse lassen sich diese jedoch aufgrund der erwähnten Institutionsunterschiede nur teilweise übertragen.

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde, 2008

2005

Jusletter, 2021